A Conceptual Framework for Integrated Pest Management.

The concept of integrated pest management (IPM) has been accepted and incorporated in public policies and regulations in the European Union and elsewhere, but a holistic science of IPM has not yet been developed. Hence, current IPM programs may often be considerably less efficient than the sum of separately applied individual crop protection actions. Thus, there is a clear need to formulate general principles for synergistically combining traditional and novel IPM actions to improve efforts to optimize plant protection solutions. This paper addresses this need by presenting a conceptual framework for a modern science of IPM. The framework may assist attempts to realize the full potential of IPM and reduce risks of deficiencies in the implementation of new policies and regulations.

• Publication year

  2017

• Venue

  Trends in Plant Science

• Publication date

  2017-09-01

• Fields of study

  Agricultural and Food Sciences, Medicine, Biology, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.06.010PMID 28687452
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Characterization of Aldehyde Oxidase (AO) Genes Involved in the Accumulation of Carotenoid Pigments in Wheat Grain

  2017cited by this paper
• Direct and Pollinator-Mediated Effects of Herbivory on Strawberry and the Potential for Improved Resistance

  2017cited by this paper
• How Should Plant Resistance to Herbivores Be Measured?

  2017cited by this paper
• Female Salix viminalis are more severely infected by Melampsora spp. but neither sex experiences associational effects

  2016cited by this paper
• Integration of Plant Defense Traits with Biological Control of Arthropod Pests: Challenges and Opportunities

  2016cited by this paper
• Recognizing Plant Defense Priming.

  2016cited by this paper
• Integrated management of Fusarium crown rot of wheat using fungicide seed treatment, cultivar resistance, and induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR)

  2016cited by this paper
• The role of phytophagy by predators in shaping plant interactions with their pests

  2016cited by this paper
• Multi-country evidence that crop diversification promotes ecological intensification of agriculture

  2016cited by this paper
• The CRISPR-associated DNA-cleaving enzyme Cpf1 also processes precursor CRISPR RNA

  2016cited by this paper
• Agricultural landscape simplification reduces natural pest control: A quantitative synthesis

  2016cited by this paper
• Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-based intercropping systems for biological pest control.

  2016cited by this paper
• Variable prey development time suppresses predator-prey cycles and enhances stability.

  2016cited by this paper
• Adaptation of a plant pathogen to partial host resistance: selection for greater aggressiveness in grapevine downy mildew

  2016cited by this paper
• Social and environmental olfactory signals mediate insect behavioral ecology and evolution

  2016cited by this paper
• Eco-evolutionary factors drive induced plant volatiles: a meta-analysis.

  2016cited by this paper
• Effects of plant intraspecific diversity across three trophic levels: Underlying mechanisms and plant traits.

  2016cited by this paper
• Facilitation and sustainable agriculture: a mechanistic approach to reconciling crop production and conservation

  2016cited by this paper
• Interactions between parasitoids and higher order natural enemies: intraguild predation and hyperparasitoids.

  2016cited by this paper
• Bacillus thuringiensis: mechanism of action, resistance, and new applications: a review

  2016cited by this paper
• Exploiting physical defence traits for crop protection: leaf trichomes of Rubus idaeus have deterrent effects on spider mites but not aphids

  2016cited by this paper
• Plant Defense against Herbivorous Pests: Exploiting Resistance and Tolerance Traits for Sustainable Crop Protection

  2016cited by this paper
• Early herbivore alert matters: plant-mediated effects of egg deposition on higher trophic levels benefit plant fitness.

  2015cited by this paper
• Prospects for the control of apple leaf midge Dasineura mali (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) by mass trapping with pheromone lures.

  2015cited by this paper
• What happens when crops are turned on? Simulating constitutive volatiles for tritrophic pest suppression across an agricultural landscape.

  2015cited by this paper
• The 'prime-ome': towards a holistic approach to priming.

  2015cited by this paper
• Integrated pest management at the crossroads: Science, politics, or business (as usual)?

  2015cited by this paper
• Indole is an essential herbivore-induced volatile priming signal in maize

  2015cited by this paper
• The first crop plant genetically engineered to release an insect pheromone for defence

  2015cited by this paper
• Plant responses to insect egg deposition.

  2015cited by this paper
• Optimizing Crops for Biocontrol of Pests and Disease.

  2015cited by this paper
• Feasibility of new breeding techniques for organic farming.

  2015cited by this paper
• Beyond Predation: The Zoophytophagous Predator Macrolophus pygmaeus Induces Tomato Resistance against Spider Mites

  2015cited by this paper
• Dynamic response of RNA editing to temperature in Drosophila

  2015cited by this paper
• New directions for improving crop resistance to insects by breeding for egg induced defence.

  2015cited by this paper
• Extrafloral nectar at the plant-insect interface: a spotlight on chemical ecology, phenotypic plasticity, and food webs.

  2015cited by this paper
• A herbivore-induced plant volatile interferes with host plant and mate location in moths through suppression of olfactory signalling pathways

  2015cited by this paper
• Complex tritrophic interactions in response to crop domestication: predictions from the wild

  2015cited by this paper
• Jasmonate-induced plant defenses and prey availability impact the preference and performance of an omnivorous stink bug, Podisus maculiventris

  2015cited by this paper
• Seed priming: state of the art and new perspectives

  2015cited by this paper
• Priming for enhanced defense.

  2015cited by this paper
• High effectiveness of tailored flower strips in reducing pests and crop plant damage

  2015cited by this paper
• Plant interactions with multiple insect herbivores: from community to genes.

  2014cited by this paper
• Natural Enemies Delay Insect Resistance to Bt Crops

  2014cited by this paper
• Intraspecific Variation in Female Sex Pheromone of the Codling Moth Cydia pomonella

  2014cited by this paper
• Climate warming increases biological control agent impact on a non-target species

  2014cited by this paper
• Push-pull farming systems.

  2014cited by this paper
• Field-evolved resistance by western corn rootworm to multiple Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in transgenic maize

  2014cited by this paper
• Ecological and evolutionary consequences of plant genotype diversity in a tri-trophic system

  2014cited by this paper
• Epichloë fungal endophytes and the formation of synthetic symbioses in Hordeeae (=Triticeae) grasses

  2014cited by this paper
• Insect resistance to Bt crops: lessons from the first billion acres

  2013cited by this paper
• Selecting volatiles to protect brassicaceous crops against the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum

  2012cited by this paper
• Aphid alarm pheromone: an overview of current knowledge on biosynthesis and functions.

  2012cited by this paper
• Treating seeds with activators of plant defence generates long-lasting priming of resistance to pests and pathogens.

  2012cited by this paper
• Dangerous liaisons: the predation risks of receiving social signals.

  2012cited by this paper
• Omnivores as plant bodyguards—A model of the importance of plant quality

  2012cited by this paper
• Genotypically diverse cultivar mixtures for insect pest management and increased crop yields

  2012cited by this paper
• Plant-mediated effects of different Salix species on the performance of the braconid parasitoid Perilitus brevicollis.

  2012cited by this paper
• Heavy metal stress can prime for herbivore-induced plant volatile emission.

  2012cited by this paper
• Maize landraces recruit egg and larval parasitoids in response to egg deposition by a herbivore.

  2011cited by this paper
• Success of the high‐dose/refuge resistance management strategy after 15 years of Bt crop use in North America

  2011cited by this paper
• The multiple faces of indirect defences and their agents of natural selection

  2011cited by this paper
• Bombus terrestris as pollinator-and-vector to suppress Botrytis cinerea in greenhouse strawberry.

  2011cited by this paper
• Host‐plant genotype mediates supply and demand of animal food in an omnivorous insect

  2011cited by this paper
• Herbivore-Specific, Density-Dependent Induction of Plant Volatiles: Honest or “Cry Wolf” Signals?

  2010cited by this paper
• Host selection behaviour of aphid parasitoids (Aphidiidae: Hymenoptera)

  2010cited by this paper
• Effect of within-species plant genotype mixing on habitat preference of a polyphagous insect predator

  2010cited by this paper
• Mechanisms of partial plant resistance to diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) in brassicas

  2010cited by this paper
• Sex Pheromones and Their Impact on Pest Management

  2010cited by this paper
• Associational Resistance and Associational Susceptibility: Having Right or Wrong Neighbors

  2009cited by this paper
• Durable resistance to wheat stem rust needed.

  2008cited by this paper
• Chemical cues mediating aphid location by natural enemies

  2008cited by this paper
• Arthropod pest management in organic crops.

  2007cited by this paper
• The use of push-pull strategies in integrated pest management.

  2007cited by this paper
• Shared signals -'alarm calls' from plants increase apparency to herbivores and their enemies in nature.

  2007cited by this paper
• Aphid alarm pheromone produced by transgenic plants affects aphid and parasitoid behavior

  2006cited by this paper
• Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems

  2006cited by this paper
• Herbivore-induced plant vaccination. Part I. The orchestration of plant defenses in nature and their fitness consequences in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata.

  2004cited by this paper
• Suggestions for unifying the terminology in biological control

  2001cited by this paper
• Habitat management to conserve natural enemies of arthropod pests in agriculture.

  2000cited by this paper
• Genetic diversity and disease control in rice

  2000cited by this paper
• INFLUENCE OF PREY AVAILABILITY AND INDUCED HOST-PLANT RESISTANCE ON OMNIVORY BY WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS

  1999cited by this paper
• Herbivores: their interactions with secondary plant metabolites, vol. II: ecological and evolutionary processes.

  1992cited by this paper
• Herbivores: Their Interactions with Secondary Plant Metabolites Ecological and Evolutionary Processes: Second Edition

  1992cited by this paper
• Vegetational Diversity and Arthropod Population Response

  1991cited by this paper
• Insect Pest Management

  1991cited by this paper
• Effects of natural enemies on the rate of herbivore adaptation to resistant host plants

  1991cited by this paper
• The extent of monoculture and its effects on insect pest populations with particular reference to wheat and cotton

  1983cited by this paper
• Aphid Alarm Pheromone: Isolation, Identification, Synthesis

  1972cited by this paper
• THE INTEGRATION OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF

  1959cited by this paper
• The integrated control concept

  1959cited by this paper
• On Some Phases of Insect Control by the Biological Method

  1919cited by this paper
• transitional cell carcinoma

  year unknowncited by this paper
• Rothamsted Repository Download

  year unknowncited by this paper

• Evaluation of pesticide reduction strategies in cropping systems. A review

  2026cites this paper
• Current advances and prospects in integrated pest management of Phthorimaea absoluta

  2026cites this paper
• Population Dynamics and Biological Control of Leucoptera malifoliella in Apple Orchards in Hebei Province, China.

  2026cites this paper
• Response of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and its natural enemy Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to plant odors

  2026cites this paper
• Threats of multiple pesticides to a predator: Toxicity and sublethal impacts on Orius nagaii.

  2026cites this paper
• Agroecological Maize–Legume Systems for Improving Soil Fertility, Climate Resilience, and Smallholder Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa

  2026influential citation
• Managing Pesticide Resistance: Input‐Oriented Versus Result‐Oriented Tax Systems

  2026cites this paper
• Semiochemical-based strategies for tea mosquito bug management: Advances, gaps and emerging strategies

  2026cites this paper
• Microbial biocontrol agents and the rhizosphere microbiome: integrating ecological function and climate resilience in sustainable agriculture

  2026cites this paper
• Piercing-sucking insect herbivory facilitates the transmission of Aspergillus flavus in soybean.

  2026cites this paper
• Effects of bioinsecticide exposure route on aphids and their natural enemies in oilseed rape.

  2026cites this paper
• Empirical dynamic modeling for prediction and control of pest populations

  2025cites this paper
• How Environmental Fluctuations Affect Volatile Emissions from Basil and French Marigold and their Consequences on the Fecundity of the Green Peach Aphid on Pepper Plants

  2025cites this paper
• Time Preference, Perceived Value, and Farmers’ Adoption of Biopesticides

  2025cites this paper
• Advantages of marketable habitat enhancement plants for pollinator protection notably in low-and middle-income countries.

  2025cites this paper
• Influence of crop protection strategies and landscape structure on Bactrocera dorsalis infestation in mango orchards in La Réunion Island.

  2025cites this paper
• Characteristics of pest infestation in the collection of endemic wheat species at the Russian state agricultural university – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy

  2025cites this paper
• Farm demonstration networks as learning environments

  2025cites this paper
• Vertical transmission of tomato viruses.

  2025cites this paper
• Smallholder farmers’ knowledge, perception and management of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Zea mays at irrigation schemes in Limpopo province, South Africa

  2025cites this paper
• Diffuse soil pollution from agriculture: Impacts and remediation.

  2025cites this paper
• The effects of wheat and yam flour diets on the toxicity of three botanical extracts to Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the underlying biochemical mechanisms

  2025cites this paper
• Laboratory and field efficacy of natural products against the invasive pest Halyomorpha halys and side effects on the biocontrol agent Trissolcus japonicus

  2025cites this paper
• Evolving strategies in agroecosystem pest control: transitioning from chemical to green management

  2025influential citation
• Analysis of the impact of integrated agricultural practices management on the dynamics of biological enemies and ecological diversity

  2025cites this paper
• Genetic Bottlenecks in Modern Beekeeping: Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Pollination

  2025cites this paper
• Quantifying Integrated Pest Management Adoption in Food Horticulture

  2025cites this paper
• Artificial Intelligence in Farm Management: Integrating Smart Systems for Optimal Agricultural Practices

  2025cites this paper
• Pesticidas y su impacto sobre la entomofauna en fincas de agricultores andinos de Ecuador

  2025influential citation
• Non-Target Effect of Bacillus subtilis on the Parasitoid Drino inconspicua (Meigen, 1830) (Diptera: Tachinidae)

  2025cites this paper
• Selective agricultural and environmental practices to sustain food production and mitigate climate change

  2025cites this paper
• Insecticides may facilitate the escape of weeds from biological control

  2025cites this paper
• The European honey buzzard ( Pernis apivorus ) as an ally for the control of the invasive yellow‐legged hornet ( Vespa velutina nigrithorax )

  2025cites this paper
• Thermal Requirements and Seasonal Abundance of Major Insect Pests in Potato Fields: Implications for Integrated Pest Management

  2025cites this paper
• From the “rain-fed triad” to “Europe’s orchard”: the dependence of Spanish agricultural production on irrigation and pollination

  2025cites this paper
• Unveiling the Pesticidal Potential of Edible Mushrooms: A Concise Review on Bioactive Compounds.

  2025cites this paper
• Temporal fluctuations and geographic distributions of Leptopilina (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) species in North Carolina: implications for biological control of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

  2025cites this paper
• Synthesis of Farnesyloxy- and Drimanyloxy-Arene Scaffold-Based Hybrid Molecules as Antifungals against Botrytis cinerea

  2025cites this paper
• Phthorimaea absoluta in potato cultivars: tolerance analysis and implications for integrated pest management

  2025cites this paper
• On-farm evaluation of swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) susceptibility among popular kale varieties

  2025cites this paper
• The delayed reaction-diffusion Filippov system with threshold control: Modeling and analysis of plateau pika-vegetation dynamics

  2025cites this paper
• The fallacy of the integrated pest management paradigm and the need for its OFF seasonal shift in the management of tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): The case of Ceratitis capitata

  2025cites this paper
• An integrated management strategy for Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) combining chemical, physical, and biological control tactics.

  2025cites this paper
• Early Blight Infection and the Influence of Biocontrol Agents on Three Wild Potato Relatives: Implications for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Potato

  2025cites this paper
• Breeding for Integrated Pest Management (B-IPM): a new concept simultaneously optimising plant resistance and biocontrol

  2025cites this paper
• Biological Strategies and Innovations in Pest Control and Fruit Storage in Apple Orchards: A Step Towards Sustainable Agriculture

  2025cites this paper
• Protecting crops with plant diversity: Agroecological promises, socioeconomic lock-in, and political levers

  2025cites this paper
• Isolation of a native strain of Clonostachys rosea with insecticidal, antiphytopathogenic, and endophytic activities

  2025cites this paper
• Combined use of Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Cry3Aa for improved control of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

  2025cites this paper
• Pro-environmental behavior in agriculture: Exploring VBN-theory-based drivers among summer crop farmers in Southern Iran

  2025cites this paper
• Can we resolve the pesticide quandary with eco-efficiency metrics?

  2025cites this paper
• A Practical Approach to Developing and Using Online Games for Transdisciplinary Research into Complex Social-Ecological Systems

  2025cites this paper
• Fatty acids from soybeans: compatibility with Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its two predators

  2025cites this paper
• Effects of priming by arbuscular mycorrhiza against Tetranychus urticae are maintained from laboratory conditions to real crop production

  2025cites this paper
• Restoring functional farmland biodiversity for biological pest control.

  2025cites this paper
• Indirect plant defense may provide economically important pest suppression in sorghum

  2025cites this paper
• Evaluating antibiosis resistance to cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L., 1758) in vegetable brassicas (Brassica oleracea L.) and related C‐genome brassica species

  2025cites this paper
• Qualitative analysis of the sliding vector field in a Filippov food chain model with integrated pest management strategy

  2025cites this paper
• Evaluation of Selected Plant Essential Oils for Aphid Pest Control in Integrated Pest Management

  2025cites this paper
• The incidence of cultural practices for managing Drosophila suzukii in raspberry farms: a case study from northwestern Patagonia

  2025cites this paper
• Crop gains induced by diversification exceed crop losses to diseases and weeds in a low-input rice cultivation system

  2025cites this paper
• Global evidence on nature-positive agricultural practices and their socio-economic and ecological impacts: a systematic review

  2025cites this paper
• Predatory birds in agroforestry: Dawn of a new era biological control from multitrophic interactions

  2025cites this paper
• Medicago sativa’s antixenotic and antibiotic resistance mechanisms differentially impact three members of the Bemisia tabaci species complex

  2025cites this paper
• Enhancing Arthropod Diversity and Sorghum Quality in Northern Jiangsu, China: The Benefits of Green Pest Management Revealed Through Metabarcoding

  2025cites this paper
• Usage of Mobile Phones for Crop Pest Surveillance in Kenya, Case of Uasin Gishu County

  2025cites this paper
• Time-series RNA sequencing reveals that immulectin-1 (IML-1) is a potential target for biological control of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda.

  2025cites this paper
• Towards sustainable insect pest management: A conceptual review using the example of pollen beetles in rapeseed

  2025cites this paper
• Pesticide residues in European sediments: a significant concern for the aquatic systems?

  2024cites this paper
• Potential of blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to disturb whiteflies on the crop: a new push–pull strategy?

  2024cites this paper
• Combining biological control approaches for managing insect crop pests in the field can generate interactive effects

  2024cites this paper
• Improved control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum using mixture combinations of entomopathogenic fungi and the chemical insecticide spiromesifen

  2024cites this paper
• Land use around influences the entomological community in lettuce horticultural systems.

  2024cites this paper
• Unveiling Hidden Enemies: Identifying Four New Records of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Pome Orchards in Iran

  2024cites this paper
• Yellow Sticky Cards Reduce the Numbers of Trichogramma dendrolimi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Following Augmentative Releases against the Fruit Borers Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) and Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in a Pear Orchard

  2024cites this paper
• The growth-blocking peptide is a dual regulator of development and immunity with biocontrol potential in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

  2024cites this paper
• Perceived advantages and disadvantages of IPM practices among Iranian rice farmers

  2024cites this paper
• Performance and preference of larval parasitoid, Microplitis pallidipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on 2 Spodoptera pest species

  2024cites this paper
• Rural Revival: Navigating Environmental Engineering and Technology.

  2024cites this paper
• Bifurcation analysis of a Filippov predator–prey model with two thresholds

  2024cites this paper
• Exploring Crop Choices: Benefits, Challenges, and Rationale Among Rwandan Farmers

  2024cites this paper
• Role of intrinsic motivation and government policies in adoption of sustainable agriculture practices by farmers in Maharashtra, India

  2024cites this paper
• A Decision Support System for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Loss Reduction under Uncertain Agricultural Policy Frameworks

  2024cites this paper
• Antagonistic effects of Beauveria bassiana on seed-borne fungi of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

  2024cites this paper
• A road map for developing novel decision support system (DSS) for disseminating integrated pest management (IPM) technologies

  2024cites this paper
• Acute toxicity effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms – Dispelling myths for a more sustainable use of chemicals in agricultural environments

  2024cites this paper
• SfMBP: A novel microbial binding protein and pattern recognition receptor in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

  2024cites this paper
• Bacillus-based biocontrol beyond chemical control in central Africa: the challenge of turning myth into reality

  2024cites this paper
• Challenges and opportunities for increasing the use of low-risk plant protection products in sustainable production. A review

  2024cites this paper
• A theoretical framework to improve the adoption of green Integrated Pest Management tactics

  2024cites this paper
• Insecticidal Activity and Molecular Target by Morphological Analysis, RNAseq, and Molecular Docking of the Aryltetralin Lignan Lactone Helioxanthin, Isolated from Taiwania flousiana Gaussen.

  2024cites this paper
• Diverse Approaches to Insect Control: Utilizing Brassica carinata (A.) Braun and Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz Oil as Modern Bioinsecticides

  2024cites this paper
• The impact of internet use and cognitive conflict on farmer IPM technology adoption: evidence from China

  2024cites this paper
• Importance of restoration of dung beetles in the maintenance of ecosystem services

  2024cites this paper
• Integrative approaches to enhance reproductive resilience of crops for climate-proof agriculture

  2024cites this paper
• Pesticide use in integrated pest and pollinator management framework to protect pollinator health

  2024cites this paper
• Sustainable management of potato tuber moth in storages using entomopathogenic fungi and an ectoparasitic mite.

  2024cites this paper
• Sweet potato leaf trichome density affects the biology and host selection behavior of Myzus persicae (Sulzer 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

  2024cites this paper
• Beneficial soil fungi enhance tomato crop productivity and resistance to the leaf-mining pest Tuta absoluta in agronomic conditions

  2024influential citation
• Transitioning practices of vegetable small-scale actors in Vietnam: an interplay of food safety, labor demand, and soil environment

  2024cites this paper