Glucose Sensing with Phenylboronic Acid Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Optical Diffusers

Phenylboronic acids have emerged as synthetic receptors that can reversibly bind to cis-diols of glucose molecules. The incorporation of phenylboronic acids in hydrogels offers exclusive attributes; for example, the binding process with glucose induces Donnan osmotic pressure resulting in volumetric changes in the matrix. However, their practical applications are hindered because of complex readout approaches and their time-consuming fabrication processes. Here, we demonstrate a microimprinting method to fabricate densely packed concavities in phenylboronic acid functionalized hydrogel films. A microengineered optical diffuser structure was imprinted on a phenylboronic acid based cis-diol recognizing motif prepositioned in a hydrogel film. The diffuser structure engineered on the hydrogel was based on laser-inscribed arrays of imperfect microlenses that focused the incoming light at different focal lengths and direction resulting in a diffused profile of light in transmission and reflection readout modes. The signature of the dimensional modulation was detected in terms of changing focal lengths of the microlenses due to the volumetric expansion of the hydrogel that altered the diffusion spectra and transmitted beam profile. The transmitted optical light spread and intensity through the sensor was measured to determine variation in glucose concentrations at physiological conditions. The sensor was integrated in a contact lens and placed over an artificial eye. Artificial stimulation of variation in glucose concentration allowed quantitative measurements using a smartphone’s photodiode. A smartphone app was utilized to convert the received light intensity to quantitative glucose concentration values. The developed sensing platform offers low cost, rapid fabrication, and easy detection scheme as compared to other optical sensing counterparts. The presented detection scheme may have applications in wearable real-time biomarker monitoring devices at point-of-care settings.

• Publication year

  2018

• Venue

  ACS Nano

• Publication date

  2018-03-12

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Materials Science, Chemistry, Engineering

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1021/acsnano.7b07082PMID 29529366PMCID 5916466
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• Integration into a contact lens and analysis with a smartphone photodiode and app enabled quantitative glucose concentration measurement over an artificial eye.

  Confidence 0.93

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) review
• Hydrogel volumetric expansion changed microlens focal lengths and diffusion spectra, enabling glucose concentration readout under physiological conditions.

  Confidence 0.92

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) review
• An optical diffuser structure based on laser-inscribed imperfect microlens arrays was imprinted onto the hydrogel film.

  Confidence 0.94

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) review
• Microimprinting produced densely packed concavities in phenylboronic acid functionalized hydrogel films.

  Confidence 0.96

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) review

• artificial eye

  model system

  A model eye used as the test platform for evaluating the contact-lens sensor.

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) review
• contact lens sensor

  device

  A contact lens platform carrying the hydrogel diffuser sensor for wearable glucose readout.

  Aliases: sensor-integrated contact lens

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) review
• laser-inscribed imperfect microlens arrays

  microstructure

  Arrays of microlens-like features produced by laser inscription and used as the diffuser pattern.

  Aliases: imperfect microlens arrays

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) review
• microimprinting method

  fabrication method

  A fabrication approach used to pattern densely packed concavities into the hydrogel film.

  Aliases: microimprinting

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) review
• optical diffuser structure

  optical structure

  The imprinted microengineered surface structure that scatters transmitted and reflected light.

  Aliases: diffuser structure

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) review
• phenylboronic acid functionalized hydrogel film

  material

  A hydrogel film functionalized with phenylboronic acid groups that serves as the glucose-responsive sensing matrix.

  Aliases: PBA functionalized hydrogel film, phenylboronic acid hydrogel film

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) review
• smartphone app

  software

  Mobile software used to convert detected light intensity into a glucose concentration value.

  Aliases: app

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) review
• smartphone photodiode

  sensor

  The smartphone-based light-detection component used to capture transmitted intensity from the sensor.

  Aliases: phone photodiode

  박진우 (dztg5apj7m) extractionB (s683577b42) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewKiller Whale (322360f1c1) review

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