Real-Time ECG-Based Detection of Fatigue Driving Using Sample Entropy

In present work, the heart rate variability (HRV) characteristics, calculated by sample entropy (SampEn), were used to analyze the driving fatigue state at successive driving stages. Combined with the relative power spectrum ratio β/(θ + α), subjective questionnaire, and brain network parameters of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, the relationships between the different characteristics for driving fatigue were discussed. Thus, it can conclude that the HRV characteristics (RR SampEn and R peaks SampEn), as well as the relative power spectrum ratio β/(θ + α) of the channels (C3, C4, P3, P4), the subjective questionnaire, and the brain network parameters, can effectively detect driving fatigue at various driving stages. In addition, the method for collecting ECG signals from the palm part does not need patch electrodes, is convenient, and will be practical to use in actual driving situations in the future.

• Publication year

  2018

• Venue

  Entropy

• Publication date

  2018-03-01

• Fields of study

  Mathematics, Computer Science, Engineering, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3390/e20030196PMID 33265287PMCID 7512712
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Toward Drowsiness Detection Using Non-hair-Bearing EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces

  2018cited by this paper
• The Reorganization of Human Brain Networks Modulated by Driving Mental Fatigue.

  2017cited by this paper
• Time-Shift Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Physiological Signals

  2017cited by this paper
• Driver Fatigue Classification With Independent Component by Entropy Rate Bound Minimization Analysis in an EEG-Based System

  2017cited by this paper
• The Reorganization of Human Brain Networks Modulated by Driving Mental Fatigue

  2017cited by this paper
• Classification of falling asleep states using HRV analysis

  2017influential reference
• Improving EEG-Based Driver Fatigue Classification Using Sparse-Deep Belief Networks

  2017cited by this paper
• Monitoring driver fatigue using a single-channel electroencephalographic device: A validation study by gaze-based, driving performance, and subjective data.

  2017cited by this paper
• Towards Detection of Bus Driver Fatigue Based on Robust Visual Analysis of Eye State

  2017cited by this paper
• Dynamic driver fatigue detection using hidden Markov model in real driving condition

  2016cited by this paper
• Quantitative sleep EEG and polysomnographic predictors of driving simulator performance in obstructive sleep apnea.

  2016cited by this paper
• Mobile EEG and its potential to promote the theory and application of imagery-based motor rehabilitation.

  2014cited by this paper
• Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for Classification of Background EEG Signals from ESES Patients and Controls

  2014cited by this paper
• Detection of Burst Suppression Patterns in EEG Using Recurrence Rate

  2014cited by this paper
• EEG-neurofeedback for optimising performance. I: a review of cognitive and affective outcome in healthy participants.

  2014cited by this paper
• The effect of external non-driving factors, payment type and waiting and queuing on fatigue in long distance trucking.

  2013cited by this paper
• Muscle computer interfaces for driver distraction reduction

  2013cited by this paper
• The efficiency of functional brain networks does not differ between smokers and non-smokers.

  2013cited by this paper
• Electroencephalogram and electrocardiograph assessment of mental fatigue in a driving simulator.

  2012cited by this paper
• Comparing structural and functional graph theory features in the human brain using multimodal MRI

  2012cited by this paper
• Brain graphs: graphical models of the human brain connectome.

  2011cited by this paper
• Driver workload and eye blink duration

  2011cited by this paper
• Functional network changes associated with sleep deprivation and fatigue during simulated driving: validation using blood biomarkers.

  2011cited by this paper
• The short-term effect of verbally assessing drivers’ state on vigilance indices during monotonous daytime driving

  2011cited by this paper
• Comparing combinations of EEG activity in train drivers during monotonous driving

  2011cited by this paper
• Complex network measures of brain connectivity: Uses and interpretations

  2010cited by this paper
• Gabor-based dynamic representation for human fatigue monitoring in facial image sequences

  2010cited by this paper
• Comparing Brain Networks of Different Size and Connectivity Density Using Graph Theory

  2010cited by this paper
• Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems

  2009cited by this paper
• Using EEG spectral components to assess algorithms for detecting fatigue

  2009influential reference
• Individual differences in stress and fatigue in two field studies of driving

  2009cited by this paper
• Effects of sleep deprivation on gamma oscillation of waking human EEG

  2008influential reference
• Small-world networks and epilepsy: graph theoretical analysis of intracerebrally recorded mesial temporal lobe seizures.

  2007cited by this paper
• Graph theoretical analysis of complex networks in the brain

  2007cited by this paper
• Scalp electrical recording during paralysis: quantitative evidence that EEG frequencies above 20 Hz are contaminated by EMG.

  2007cited by this paper
• Indicators of Sleepiness in an ambulatory EEG study of night driving

  2006cited by this paper
• Electroencephalographic study of drowsiness in simulated driving with sleep deprivation

  2005influential reference
• Spanish version of the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI): Factorial replication, reliability and validity

  2005cited by this paper
• Altered central nervous system signal during motor performance in chronic fatigue syndrome.

  2004cited by this paper
• Organization, development and function of complex brain networks.

  2004cited by this paper
• Effects of detrending for analysis of heart rate variability and applications to the estimation of depth of anesthesia

  2004cited by this paper
• Multiscale entropy analysis of human gait dynamics.

  2003cited by this paper
• Development of an algorithm for an EEG-based driver fatigue countermeasure.

  2003cited by this paper
• A critical review of the psychophysiology of driver fatigue.

  2001cited by this paper
• Nonlinear analysis of continuous ECG during sleep II. Dynamical measures

  2000cited by this paper
• Preventing drowsiness accidents by an alertness maintenance device.

  1999cited by this paper
• Tonic, phasic, and transient EEG correlates of auditory awareness in drowsiness.

  1996cited by this paper
• AN ON-BOARD SYSTEM FOR DETECTING LAPSES OF ALERTNESS IN CAR DRIVING

  1995cited by this paper
• A regularity statistic for medical data analysis

  1991influential reference
• Physiological metrics of mental workload: A review of recent progress

  1990cited by this paper
• Estimating Aircrew Fatigue: A Technique with Application to Airlift Operations

  1982cited by this paper
• Mental load and the measurement of heart rate variability.

  1973cited by this paper
• Heart Rate Variability: A New Index of Driver Alertness/Fatigue

  1972cited by this paper
• Objective measurement of mental load.

  1967cited by this paper
• SKIN-CONDUCTANCE, ALPHA-ACTIVITY, AND VIGILANCE.

  1965cited by this paper

• Fatigue Detection with Multimodal Physiological Signals via Uncertainty-Aware Deep Transfer Learning

  2026cites this paper
• Robust monitoring of tractor driver fatigue state based on adversarial training of working conditions and multi-level adaptive information fusion

  2026cites this paper
• A Multimodal Deep Learning Framework for Pilot Task Performance Prediction in Within-Visual-Range Air Combat

  2026cites this paper
• Entropy-Based Nonlinear Analysis for Cerebral Emboli Detection Using Doppler Signals

  2026cites this paper
• To assure aviation safety: the pilot fatigue detection based on short-term multimodal physiological signals.

  2026cites this paper
• Distinguishing sleepiness from mental fatigue in sustained monitoring tasks to enhance the reliability of fatigue detection based on multimodal fusion

  2026cites this paper
• From single-modal to multi-modal: How does multi-modal data integration enhance the precision of seafarer fatigue detection?

  2026cites this paper
• Multimodal Phenotyping Dataset of Driving Fatigue

  2026cites this paper
• Research on the Effectiveness of Driving Simulation Systems in Risky Traffic Environments

  2025cites this paper
• A Transfer Learning-Based Approach for Fatigue Detection Through the Fusion of Physiological Signals

  2025cites this paper
• Study on Unsafe Behavior Detection of Tower Crane Drivers in Prefabricated Building Construction

  2025cites this paper
• Research on driving fatigue detection method based on fNIRS data and Facial Features

  2025cites this paper
• Study on Detection of Driving Fatigue Based on ECG Collected by a Novel Semi-Dry Electrode

  2025cites this paper
• Polynomial gated network: An intelligent classification method for driver fatigue based on EEG analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Main Features for Detecting Mental Fatigue in Elderly Gait: A Machine Learning Approach

  2025cites this paper
• A New Semi-Dry Electrode for Driving Fatigue Detection on Urban Roads

  2025cites this paper
• Advancements in Fatigue Detection: Integrating fNIRS and Non-Voluntary Attention Brain Function Experiments

  2024cites this paper
• Research on the fatigue level of underground mine truck drivers with integration of cardiovascular and brain features

  2024cites this paper
• Scaling effectivity in manifold methodologies to detect driver’s fatigueness and drowsiness state

  2024cites this paper
• Exploring Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for EEG Feature Extraction

  2024cites this paper
• Exploring the Hidden Complexity: Entropy Analysis in Pulse Oximetry of Female Athletes

  2024cites this paper
• ECG-Based Real-Time Drivers’ Fatigue Detection Using a Novel Elastic Dry Electrode

  2024influential citation
• A transcutaneous acupoint electrical simulation glove for relieving the mental fatigue of crane drivers in real building environment

  2024cites this paper
• Fatigue Detection Based on Multiple Physiological Signals

  2024cites this paper
• Classification and detection of EEG data for tired driving based on Mamba framework

  2024cites this paper
• Literature review of driving fatigue research based on Bibliometric analysis

  2024cites this paper
• Causal brain network analysis of driving fatigue based on generalized orthogonalized partially directed coherence.

  2024cites this paper
• Real-time EEG-based detection of driving fatigue using a novel semi-dry electrode with self-replenishment of conductive fluid.

  2024cites this paper
• Fatigue management: a systematic review of objective measurement techniques for cognitive fatigue

  2024cites this paper
• Enhancing Security of Telemedicine Data: A Multi-Scroll Chaotic System for ECG Signal Encryption and RF Transmission

  2024cites this paper
• Tracking Vigilance Fluctuations in Real-Time: A Sliding-Window HRV-based Machine-Learning Approach.

  2024cites this paper
• Research on low-power driving fatigue monitoring method based on spiking neural network

  2024influential citation
• EEG-Based Driver Fatigue Detection Using Spatio-Temporal Fusion Network With Brain Region Partitioning Strategy

  2024cites this paper
• Attention-based cross-frequency graph convolutional network for driver fatigue estimation

  2024cites this paper
• Four hours duration acts as the safety threshold for driving fatigue management

  2024cites this paper
• Harnessing Electrocardiography Signals for Driver State Classification Using Multi-layered Neural Networks

  2024cites this paper
• The effect of transcranial electrical stimulation on the relief of mental fatigue

  2024cites this paper
• Vibration-Based Fault Diagnosis for Railway Point Machines Using VMD and Multiscale Fluctuation-Based Dispersion Entropy

  2024cites this paper
• Use of Intrinsic Entropy to Assess the Instantaneous Complexity of Thoracoabdominal Movement Patterns to Indicate the Effect of the Iso-Volume Maneuver Trial on the Performance of the Step Test

  2023cites this paper
• Optimal feature-algorithm combination research for EEG fatigue driving detection based on functional brain network

  2023cites this paper
• Information-Theoretic Approaches in EEG Correlates of Auditory Perceptual Awareness under Informational Masking

  2023cites this paper
• A Novel Semi-Dry Electrode Suitable for Collecting EEG Data for Detecting Driving Fatigue in Long-Period Driving Case

  2023cites this paper
• Self-Attentive Channel-Connectivity Capsule Network for EEG-Based Driving Fatigue Detection

  2023cites this paper
• Visual-Based Children and Pet Rescue from Suffocation and Incidence of Hyperthermia Death in Enclosed Vehicles

  2023cites this paper
• Driver Fatigue Detection Based On Face Mesh Features Using Deep Learning

  2023cites this paper
• Quantitative identification of daily mental fatigue levels based on multimodal parameters.

  2023cites this paper
• Non-contact Monitoring of Fatigue Driving Using FMCW Millimeter Wave Radar

  2023cites this paper
• EEG-Based Detection of Driving Fatigue Using A Novel Electrode

  2023cites this paper
• Self-Regulation Phenomenon Emerged During Prolonged Fatigue Driving: An EEG Connectivity Study

  2023cites this paper
• Driving fatigue detection based on brain source activity and ARMA model

  2023cites this paper
• Drowsiness Detection in Humans based on ECG Analysis Using Temporal Convolutional Network

  2023cites this paper
• Advanced EEG-Based Classification of Periodic Leg Movements and Bruxism Using Complexity and Entropy Features

  2023cites this paper
• Multimodal 12-lead ECG data classification using multi-label DenseNet for heart disease detection

  2022cites this paper
• Detecting Early Signs of Drowsy Driving using an Artificial Neural Network on Electrocardiography Signals

  2022cites this paper
• Detection of insomnia using advanced complexity and entropy features of sleep stage data of EEG recordings

  2022cites this paper
• Drowsiness detection from polysomnographic data using multivariate selfsimilarity and eigen-wavelet analysis

  2022cites this paper
• Study on the Effect of Judgment Excitation Mode to Relieve Driving Fatigue Based on MF-DFA

  2022cites this paper
• Transient abnormal signal acquisition system based on approximate entropy and sample entropy.

  2022cites this paper
• A Driving Fatigue Feature Detection Method Based on Multifractal Theory

  2022cites this paper
• Data-driven Learning Fatigue Detection System: A Multimodal Fusion Approach of ECG (electrocardiogram) and Video Signals

  2022cites this paper
• An fNIRS labeling image feature-based customized driving fatigue detection method

  2022cites this paper
• A Systematic Survey of Driving Fatigue Monitoring

  2022influential citation
• Research on driving fatigue detection based on basic scale entropy and MVAR-PSI

  2022cites this paper
• Unsupervised ECG Analysis: A Review

  2022cites this paper
• Cognitive research on charging pile appearance design based on human physiological signal characteristics

  2022cites this paper
• Wearable Flexible Electronics Based Cardiac Electrode for Researcher Mental Stress Detection System Using Machine Learning Models on Single Lead Electrocardiogram Signal

  2022cites this paper
• Research on fatigue driving detection methods

  2022cites this paper
• Research on Driving Fatigue Alleviation Using Interesting Auditory Stimulation Based on VMD-MMSE

  2021cites this paper
• Drowsiness Detection Using Joint EEG-ECG Data With Deep Learning

  2021cites this paper
• A Novel Fatigue Driving State Recognition and Warning Method Based on EEG and EOG Signals

  2021cites this paper
• An adaptable human fatigue evaluation system

  2021cites this paper
• New Measures of Heart Rate Variability Based on Subband Tachogram Complexity and Spectral Characteristics for Improved Stress and Anxiety Monitoring in Highly Ecological Settings

  2021cites this paper
• A Practical Application for Quantitative Brain Fatigue Evaluation Based on Machine Learning and Ballistocardiogram

  2021cites this paper
• A Methodological Review on Prediction of Multi-Stage Hypovigilance Detection Systems Using Multimodal Features

  2021cites this paper
• Toward practical driving fatigue detection using three frontal EEG channels: a proof-of-concept study

  2021cites this paper
• Convolutional Neural Network for Drowsiness Detection Using EEG Signals

  2021cites this paper
• Enhanced cardiac vagal tone in mental fatigue: Analysis of heart rate variability in Time-on-Task, recovery, and reactivity

  2021cites this paper
• Correlation between Situational Awareness and EEG signals

  2021cites this paper
• Linking Attention-Based Multiscale CNN With Dynamical GCN for Driving Fatigue Detection

  2021cites this paper
• HybridFatigue: A Real-time Driver Drowsiness Detection using Hybrid Features and Transfer Learning

  2020cites this paper
• InstanceEasyTL: An Improved Transfer-Learning Method for EEG-Based Cross-Subject Fatigue Detection

  2020cites this paper
• Sex Differences in Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Heart Rate Variability Measures of Fatigued Drivers

  2020cites this paper
• Automatic detection of naturally occurring epilepsy in dogs using intracranial electroencephalogram signals

  2020cites this paper
• Detecting Cues of Driver Fatigue on Facial Appearance

  2020cites this paper
• A Graph Theory-Based Modeling of Functional Brain Connectivity Based on EEG: A Systematic Review in the Context of Neuroergonomics

  2020cites this paper
• Rhythm-Dependent Multilayer Brain Network for the Detection of Driving Fatigue

  2020cites this paper
• The Impact of Digital Technologies on Public Health in Developed and Developing Countries: 18th International Conference, ICOST 2020, Hammamet, Tunisia, June 24–26, 2020, Proceedings

  2020cites this paper
• EEG-Based Hypo-vigilance Detection Using Convolutional Neural Network

  2020cites this paper
• Parameters Analysis of Sample Entropy, Permutation Entropy and Permutation Ratio Entropy for RR Interval Time Series

  2020cites this paper
• Changes of EEG phase synchronization and EOG signals along the use of steady state visually evoked potential-based brain computer interface

  2020cites this paper
• Driving Fatigue Recognition With Functional Connectivity Based on Phase Synchronization

  2020cites this paper
• Research on Home-Auxiliary Robot System Based on Characteristics of Human Physiological and Motion Signals

  2020cites this paper
• A Memristive Circuit Implementation of Eyes State Detection in Fatigue Driving Based on Biological Long Short-Term Memory Rule

  2020cites this paper
• Driving Fatigue Detection from EEG Using a Modified PCANet Method

  2019cites this paper
• Study of the Auxiliary Robot Used to Disassemb and Assemb Mid-Set Switch Cubicle Based on BCI

  2019cites this paper
• Editorial: Psychophysiological Contributions to Traffic Safety

  2019cites this paper
• Motor Imagery EEG Classification Based on Decision Tree Framework and Riemannian Geometry

  2019cites this paper
• Brain Complex Network Characteristic Analysis of Fatigue during Simulated Driving Based on Electroencephalogram Signals

  2019cites this paper
• A Review of Psychophysiological Measures to Assess Cognitive States in Real-World Driving

  2019cites this paper
• Entropy Measures as Descriptors to Identify Apneas in Rheoencephalographic Signals

  2019cites this paper