Estrogen in the prevention of atherosclerosis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2001

• Venue

  Annals of Internal Medicine

• Publication date

  Unknown publication date

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  PMID 11730394
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Improved common carotid elasticity and intima-media thickness measurements from computer analysis of sequential ultrasound frames.

  2001cited by this paper
• Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis

  2001cited by this paper
• Correlations between measures of atherosclerosis change using carotid ultrasonography and coronary angiography.

  2000cited by this paper
• C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women.

  2000cited by this paper
• Effects of estrogen replacement on the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis.

  2000influential reference
• CAROTID-ARTERY INTIMA AND MEDIA THICKNESS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND STROKE IN OLDER ADULTS

  2000cited by this paper
• Increased C-reactive Protein Levels during Short-term Hormone Replacement Therapy in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

  1999cited by this paper
• Hormone replacement therapy and increased plasma concentration of C-reactive protein.

  1999cited by this paper
• Effect of postmenopausal hormones on inflammation-sensitive proteins: the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Study.

  1999cited by this paper
• Hormone replacement therapy and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery: the Rotterdam study.

  1999cited by this paper
• Effects of lovastatin and warfarin on early carotid atherosclerosis: sex-specific analyses. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group.

  1999cited by this paper
• Hormone replacement therapy, inflammation, and hemostasis in elderly women.

  1999cited by this paper
• Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group.

  1999cited by this paper
• Age-related deterioration in arterial structure and function in postmenopausal women: impact of hormone replacement therapy.

  1998cited by this paper
• The Role of Carotid Arterial Intima-Media Thickness in Predicting Clinical Coronary Events

  1998cited by this paper
• Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group.

  1998influential reference
• Estrogen for women at varying risk of coronary disease.

  1998cited by this paper
• Association of coronary heart disease incidence with carotid arterial wall thickness and major risk factors: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987-1993.

  1997cited by this paper
• Medroxyprogesterone acetate antagonizes inhibitory effects of conjugated equine estrogens on coronary artery atherosclerosis.

  1997cited by this paper
• Common carotid intima-media thickness and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study.

  1997cited by this paper
• Reduction in Carotid Arterial Wall Thickness Using Lovastatin and Dietary Therapy

  1996cited by this paper
• No association of menopause and hormone replacement therapy with carotid artery intima-media thickness. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators.

  1996cited by this paper
• Pravastatin reduces carotid intima-media thickness progression in an asymptomatic hypercholesterolemic mediterranean population: the Carotid Atherosclerosis Italian Ultrasound Study.

  1996cited by this paper
• Estrogen replacement therapy and progression of intimal-medial thickness in the carotid arteries of postmenopausal women. ACAPS Investigators. Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression Study.

  1995cited by this paper
• The epidemiology of coronary heart disease and estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women.

  1995cited by this paper
• Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Progression of Intimal-Medial Thickness in the Carotid Arteries of Postmenopausal Women

  1995cited by this paper
• Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (KAPS). A population-based primary preventive trial of the effect of LDL lowering on atherosclerotic progression in carotid and femoral arteries.

  1995cited by this paper
• Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial.

  1995cited by this paper
• Arterial imaging and atherosclerosis reversal

  1994cited by this paper
• Evaluation of computerized edge tracking for quantifying intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery from B-mode ultrasound images.

  1994cited by this paper
• George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture. Arterial imaging and atherosclerosis reversal.

  1994cited by this paper
• Beneficial Effects of Colestipol‐Niacin Therapy on the Common Carotid Artery. Two‐ and Four‐Year Reduction of Intima‐Media Thickness Measured by Ultrasound

  1993cited by this paper
• Associations of Postmenopausal Estrogen Use With Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factors in Older Women

  1993cited by this paper
• Ultrasound B-mode imaging in observational studies of atherosclerotic progression.

  1993cited by this paper
• One‐Year Reduction and Longitudinal Analysis of Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness Associated With Colestipol/Niacin Therapy

  1993cited by this paper
• The risk of acute myocardial infarction after oestrogen and oestrogen‐progestogen replacement

  1992cited by this paper
• Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on serum lipid values and angiographically defined coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women.

  1992cited by this paper
• Estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy reduces low density lipoprotein accumulation in the coronary arteries of surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys.

  1991cited by this paper
• Postmenopausal estrogen and prevention bias.

  1991cited by this paper
• Effects of estrogen and progesterone on plasma lipoproteins and experimental atherosclerosis in the baboon (Papio sp.).

  1991cited by this paper
• Estrogen and Cardiovascular Disease

  1990cited by this paper
• Estrogen modulates responses of atherosclerotic coronary arteries.

  1990cited by this paper
• An ultrasonic measurement of superficial femoral artery wall thickness.

  1989cited by this paper
• Risk factors and noncontraceptive estrogen use in women with and without coronary disease.

  1989cited by this paper
• Postmenopausal estrogen use and coronary atherosclerosis.

  1988cited by this paper
• Postmenopausal use of estrogen and occlusion of coronary arteries.

  1988cited by this paper
• Long‐term surveillance of mortality and cancer incidence in women receiving hormone replacement therapy

  1988cited by this paper
• Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women.

  1987cited by this paper
• Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women.

  1987cited by this paper
• Myocardial infarction in women.

  1986cited by this paper
• Effect of 17 Beta Estradiol on Aortic Cholesterol Content and Metabolism in Cholesterol‐Fed Rabbits

  1986cited by this paper
• Random-effects models for longitudinal data.

  1982cited by this paper
• Estrogen replacement therapy II: a prospective study in the relationship to carcinoma and cardiovascular and metabolic problems.

  1979influential reference
• Menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study.

  1977cited by this paper
• MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN WOMEN

  1955cited by this paper
• Public Health Service

  1952cited by this paper

• Menopausal Hormone Therapy and the Risk of Stroke: A Nationwide Cohort Study

  2025cites this paper
• Blocking the mineralocorticoid receptor prevents cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction through the activation of NOX‐4 in female hormone deprivation rats

  2025cites this paper
• Air pollution and depression symptoms in middle-aged and older adults in Los Angeles County

  2025cites this paper
• Hormone therapy and insulin resistance in non-diabetic postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women with Menopause

  2025cites this paper
• Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

  2025cites this paper
• Sex and reproductive stage modify the effect of endogenous oestrogens on coronary atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis

  2025cites this paper
• Comparison of estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) used for menopausal hormone therapy.

  2025cites this paper
• From discovery to debate: The history of menopausal hormone therapy and its impact on cardiovascular health.

  2025cites this paper
• Views of Menopause and Hormone Therapy Associations with Hormone Therapy Use in US Women Aged 50–79

  2025cites this paper
• Effect of hormone therapy on tryptophan metabolism and atherosclerosis among postmenopausal women

  2025cites this paper
• Single-nucleus profiling of Ossabaw pig atherosclerosis model

  2025cites this paper
• Sex differences in features of atherosclerotic plaques as revealed by various imaging techniques: historical review

  2025cites this paper
• Cardiovascular outcomes of menopause hormone therapy initiated in women aged ≥60 years or ≥10 years post-menopause: A systematic review of the literature

  2025cites this paper
• Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health – 2024

  2024cites this paper
• Randomized trials of estrogen-alone and breast cancer incidence: a meta-analysis

  2024cites this paper
• The benefits and risks of menopause hormone therapy for the cardiovascular system in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  2024cites this paper
• Estrogen and cardiovascular disease.

  2024cites this paper
• Gender differences in cardiovascular disease

  2024cites this paper
• Hormone replacement therapy after myocardial infarction: British Menopause Society Tool for Clinicians

  2024cites this paper
• Exploring the effects of estrogen deficiency and aging on organismal homeostasis during menopause

  2024cites this paper
• Effect of Hormone Therapy on Lipoprotein Subfractions in Early and Late Postmenopausal Women.

  2024cites this paper
• Hormone replacement therapy and myocardial infarction and stroke in postmenopausal Korean women

  2024cites this paper
• Diretriz Brasileira sobre a Saúde Cardiovascular no Climatério e na Menopausa – 2024

  2024cites this paper
• The risk of endocrine interventions in carriers of a genetic predisposition for breast and gynecologic cancers: recommendations of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer

  2024cites this paper
• Association of HIV and HCV Infection With Carotid Artery Plaque Echomorphology in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study

  2024cites this paper
• Association between serum estradiol levels and abdominal aortic calcification in postmenopausal woman: a cross-sectional study

  2024cites this paper
• Association of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and intima-media thickness with the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio among low-income residents of rural China: a population-based cross-sectional study

  2023cites this paper
• The association of hysterectomy with or without ovarian conservation with subclinical atherosclerosis progression in healthy postmenopausal women

  2023cites this paper
• Association Between the Route of Administration and Formulation of Estrogen Therapy and Hypertension Risk in Postmenopausal Women: A Prospective Population-Based Study

  2023cites this paper
• Women, lipids, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a call to action from the European Atherosclerosis Society

  2023cites this paper
• Reduced progression of carotid intima media thickness by personalised pictorial presentation of subclinical atherosclerosis in VIPVIZA—A randomised controlled trial

  2023cites this paper
• Hormone therapy for sexual function in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

  2023cites this paper
• Immune-Related Genes in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis: Based on Sex Differences

  2023cites this paper
• Menopausal hormone therapy and coronary heart disease: the roller-coaster history

  2023influential citation
• HIV infection and cardiovascular disease have both shared and distinct monocyte gene expression features: Women’s Interagency HIV study

  2023cites this paper
• Comparison of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Between 2 Subclinical Atherosclerosis Measures in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

  2022cites this paper
• Strategies for Maintaining Brain Health: The Role of Stroke Risk Factors Unique to Elderly Women

  2022cites this paper
• Menopausal hormone therapy and subclinical cardiovascular disease in women with and without HIV.

  2022cites this paper
• Menopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy and Reduction of All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease: It Is About Time and Timing.

  2022cites this paper
• Concentrations of endogenous sex steroid hormones and SHBG in healthy postmenopausal women.

  2022cites this paper
• Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Persons: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

  2022cites this paper
• Use of oral estradiol plus vaginal progesterone in healthy postmenopausal women.

  2021cites this paper
• Sex differences in eicosanoid formation and metabolism: A possible mediator of sex discrepancies in cardiovascular diseases.

  2021cites this paper
• Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Formulation, Dose, and Route of Delivery.

  2021cites this paper
• Importance of sex and gender in ischaemic stroke and carotid atherosclerotic disease.

  2021cites this paper
• Brief Report: Subclinical Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis Is Associated With Increased Expression of Peripheral Blood IL-32 Isoforms Among Women Living With HIV

  2021cites this paper
• Improving clinical outcomes through attention to sex and hormones in research

  2021cites this paper
• Sex differences in coronary plaque changes assessed by serial computed tomography angiography

  2021cites this paper
• Clinical Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Atrial Fibrillation in Postmenopausal Women: A Nationwide Cohort Study

  2021cites this paper
• Sex differences in acute cardiovascular care: a review and needs assessment

  2021cites this paper
• Hormone replacement therapy – where are we now?

  2021cites this paper
• Signalling mechanisms in the cardiovascular protective effects of estrogen: With a focus on rapid/membrane signalling.

  2021cites this paper
• Subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis and cognitive function in older adults

  2021cites this paper
• Is there a role for menopausal hormone therapy in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis?

  2020cites this paper
• A Timing Effect of 17-β Estradiol on Atherosclerotic Lesion Development in Female ApoE−/− Mice

  2020cites this paper
• Combined protein and transcript single-cell RNA sequencing in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

  2020cites this paper
• Body fat percentage and CRP correlates with a composite score of vascular risk markers in healthy, young adults - The Lifestyle, Biomarkers, and Atherosclerosis (LBA) study

  2020cites this paper
• Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression as Surrogate Marker for Cardiovascular Risk

  2020cites this paper
• Effects of Estradiol Dose and Serum Estradiol Levels on Metabolic Measures in Early and Late Postmenopausal Women in the REPLENISH Trial

  2020cites this paper
• A systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of menopausal hormone therapy on cardiovascular diseases

  2020cites this paper
• Menopause Transition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Implications for Timing of Early Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

  2020cites this paper
• Lessons from KEEPS: the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study

  2020cites this paper
• Combined protein and transcript single cell RNA sequencing reveals cardiovascular disease and HIV signatures

  2020cites this paper
• Peri- and postmenopause—diagnosis and interventions interdisciplinary S3 guideline of the association of the scientific medical societies in Germany (AWMF 015/062): short version

  2020cites this paper
• Controversies Regarding Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy for Primary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women

  2020cites this paper
• Classical Monocyte Transcriptomes Reveal Significant Anti-Inflammatory Statin Effect in Women with Chronic HIV.

  2020cites this paper
• Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of TX-001HR in menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms

  2019cites this paper
• Effect of ApoE4 Genotype on the Association Between Metabolic Phenotype and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Postmenopausal Women.

  2019cites this paper
• Risk factors of neurovascular ageing in women

  2019cites this paper
• C1q/TNF-Related Proteins, HIV and HIV-Associated Factors, and Cardiometabolic Phenotypes in Middle-Aged Women

  2019cites this paper
• The Impact of Past and Current Alcohol Consumption Patterns on Progression of Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness Among Women and Men Living with HIV Infection

  2019cites this paper
• A systematic review and meta-regression analysis to examine the ‘timing hypothesis’ of hormone replacement therapy on mortality, coronary heart disease, and stroke☆

  2019cites this paper
• Chapitre 2 : Maladies cardiovasculaires.

  2019cites this paper
• Emerging Research on the Implications of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Coronary Heart Disease

  2018cites this paper
• The association between metabolic syndrome and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in menopausal women: a cross-sectional study in a Chinese population

  2018cites this paper
• Differential Effects of Estrogen and Progestin on Apolipoprotein B100 and B48 Kinetics in Postmenopausal Women.

  2018cites this paper
• The association of C-reactive protein with subclinical cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women

  2018cites this paper
• Perimenopause vasomotor symptoms, coronary atherosclerosis and risk of myocardial infarction during menopause: the cardiologist’s perspective

  2018cites this paper
• Estrogen effects on arteries vary with stage of reproductive life and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis progression

  2018cites this paper
• Carotid artery atherosclerosis is associated with mortality in HIV-positive women and men

  2018cites this paper
• Coronary artery disease after menopause and the role of estrogen replacement therapy.

  2018cites this paper
• What the Women's Health Initiative has taught us about menopausal hormone therapy

  2018cites this paper
• Differential Effect of Plasma Estradiol on Subclinical Atherosclerosis Progression in Early vs Late Postmenopause

  2018cites this paper
• Changes in carotid artery intima-media thickness 3 years after cessation of menopausal hormone therapy: follow-up from the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study

  2018cites this paper
• The clinical impact of estrogen loss on cardiovascular disease in menopausal females.

  2018cites this paper
• Factors Affecting The Advancement Of Atherosclerotic Plaques

  2018influential citation
• Sex-Specific Physiology and Cardiovascular Disease.

  2018cites this paper
• Betel nut chewing associated with increased risk of arterial stiffness.

  2017cites this paper
• Genome-wide admixture and association study of subclinical atherosclerosis in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)

  2017cites this paper
• Advanced Glycation End Products, Oxidation Products, and the Extent of Atherosclerosis During the VA Diabetes Trial and Follow-up Study

  2017cites this paper
• Role of Estrogens in the Regulation of Liver Lipid Metabolism.

  2017influential citation
• Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications

  2017cites this paper
• The Current Understanding of Sarcopenia

  2017cites this paper
• Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

  2017cites this paper
• Abdominal Fat Depots and Subclinical Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Women With and Without HIV Infection

  2017cites this paper
• Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force

  2017cites this paper
• The impact of long-term moderate and heavy alcohol consumption on incident atherosclerosis among persons living with HIV.

  2017cites this paper
• Increased glucose transporter-1 expression on intermediate monocytes from HIV-infected women with subclinical cardiovascular disease

  2017cites this paper
• Menopause, Estrogens, and Glucose Homeostasis in Women.

  2017cites this paper