Secondary metabolites of vertebrate-dispersed fruits: evidence for adaptive functions

En este articulo discuto evidencia reciente acerca del significado adaptativo de los metabolitos secundarios en la fruta madura y sus implicaciones para la dispersion de semillas por aves y otros vertebrados. Especificamente, reviso las hipotesis adaptativas originalmente presentadas y discutidas por Cipollini & Levey en 1997. Estas incluyen: atraccion/asociacion, efectos sobre la germinacion, toxicidad general y dirigida, y compromisos en defensa. Ademas, presento y discuto una nueva hipotesis adaptativa: efectos nutricionales directos. Esta hipotesis es postulada para reflejar los descubrimientos recientes sobre los efectos positivos resultantes del consumo de metabolitos secundarios. Concluyo que se requieren estudios con un foco estrecho para examinar estas hipotesis de un modo directo. La evidencia en favor o en contra de cada hipotesis es observacional o indirecta, y obtenida de estudios no disenados especificamente para probar estas hipotesis. A pesar de esto, la mayor parte de las hipotesis encuentran cierto nivel de apoyo - en ocasiones, incluso cuando el mismo metabolito es considerado (e.g., antocianinas y carotenoides que funcionan como pigmentos ademas de antioxidantes nutricionales). Finalmente, discuto la naturaleza de los blancos moleculares de los compuestos secundarios encontrados en plantas. Al hacerlo, refuerzo las nociones que sugieren que la existencia de interacciones sinergicas y que la accion multifuncional en estos compuestos pueden proveer de soluciones economicas a plantas que se enfrentan a seleccion temporalmente variable, y a veces multidireccional, sobre frutos y semillas. Puede no resultar sorprendente el que los compuestos secundarios en plantas cumplen funciones multiples; siendo probable el apoyo a muchas hipotesis no mutuamente exclusivas. Estudios comparados que permitan examinar estas hipotesis deben ser disenados considerando cuidadosamente los efectos potenciales de las relaciones filogeneticas y las restricciones fisiologicas pueden tener sobre estos patrones

• Publication year

  2000

• Venue

  Revista Chilena de Historia Natural

• Publication date

  2000-09-01

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.4067/S0716-078X2000000300006
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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