There is no convincing evidence that working memory training is effective: A reply to Au et al. (2014) and Karbach and Verhaeghen (2014)

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2015

• Venue

  Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

• Publication date

  2015-06-17

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3758/s13423-015-0862-zPMID 26082279
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Reliable gains? Evidence for substantially underpowered designs in studies of working memory training transfer to fluid intelligence

  2015cited by this paper
• Individual differences in cognitive plasticity: an investigation of training curves in younger and older adults

  2014cited by this paper
• Narrative processing in typically developing children and children with early unilateral brain injury: seeing gesture matters.

  2014cited by this paper
• Making Working Memory Work

  2014influential reference
• The malleability of working memory and visuospatial skills: a randomized controlled study in older adults.

  2014cited by this paper
• Benefits of training visuospatial working memory in young-old and old-old.

  2014cited by this paper
• Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory: a meta-analysis

  2014influential reference
• Near‐ and Far‐Transfer Effects of Working Memory Updating Training in Elderly Adults

  2014cited by this paper
• Working memory training improvements and gains in non-trained cognitive tasks in young and older adults

  2014cited by this paper
• Working memory training and transfer in older adults: effects of age, baseline performance, and training gains.

  2014cited by this paper
• The effects of dual n-back training on the components of working memory and fluid intelligence: An individual differences approach

  2013cited by this paper
• Effects of working memory training in young and old adults

  2013cited by this paper
• Limitations and chances of working memory training

  2013influential reference
• Failure of Working Memory Training to Enhance Cognition or Intelligence

  2013cited by this paper
• Within-session practice eliminates age differences in cognitive control

  2013cited by this paper
• Working Memory Training May Increase Working Memory Capacity but Not Fluid Intelligence

  2013cited by this paper
• Gains in language comprehension relating to working memory training in healthy older adults

  2013cited by this paper
• Working memory training in old age: an examination of transfer and maintenance effects.

  2013cited by this paper
• Strengthened Effective Connectivity Underlies Transfer of Working Memory Training to Tests of Short-Term Memory and Attention

  2013cited by this paper
• Is working memory training effective? A meta-analytic review.

  2013cited by this paper
• The role of individual differences in cognitive training and transfer

  2013influential reference
• Improved matrix reasoning is limited to training on tasks with a visuospatial component

  2013cited by this paper
• Exploring the effectiveness of commercial and custom-built games for cognitive training

  2013cited by this paper
• No evidence of intelligence improvement after working memory training: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.

  2013cited by this paper
• Adaptive n-back training does not improve fluid intelligence at the construct level: Gains on individual tests suggest that training may enhance visuospatial processing

  2013cited by this paper
• Increased parietal activity after training of interference control.

  2013cited by this paper
• Working-memory training in younger and older adults: training gains, transfer, and maintenance

  2012cited by this paper
• On the impacts of working memory training on executive functioning

  2012cited by this paper
• Is working memory training effective?

  2012cited by this paper
• Optimized cognitive training: investigating the limits of brain training on generalized cognitive function

  2012cited by this paper
• Working memory training does not improve intelligence in healthy young adults

  2012cited by this paper
• The effects of working memory resource depletion and training on sensorimotor adaptation.

  2012cited by this paper
• A Potential Spatial Working Memory Training Task to Improve Both Episodic Memory and Fluid Intelligence

  2012cited by this paper
• Memory updating practice across 100 days in the COGITO study.

  2012cited by this paper
• Working memory training and transfer in older adults.

  2011cited by this paper
• Potentials and Limits of Plasticity Induced by Working Memory Training in Old-Old Age

  2011cited by this paper
• Neural correlates of training-related working-memory gains in old age

  2011cited by this paper
• Extending Brain-Training to the Affective Domain: Increasing Cognitive and Affective Executive Control through Emotional Working Memory Training

  2011cited by this paper
• The Relationship between N-Back Performance and Matrix Reasoning--Implications for Training and Transfer.

  2010influential reference
• Training and plasticity of working memory.

  2010cited by this paper
• Working memory training in older adults: evidence of transfer and maintenance effects.

  2010cited by this paper
• Improvement in working memory is not related to increased intelligence scores

  2010cited by this paper
• The Selection and Design of Control Conditions for Randomized Controlled Trials of Psychological Interventions

  2009cited by this paper
• Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement

  2009cited by this paper
• Impact of working memory training on memory performance in old-old adults.

  2008cited by this paper
• Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory

  2008cited by this paper
• A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty

  2008cited by this paper
• The Search for Meaningful Ways to Express the Effects of Interventions

  2008influential reference
• Plasticity of executive functioning in young and older adults: immediate training gains, transfer, and long-term maintenance.

  2008cited by this paper
• Not All Executive Functions Are Related to Intelligence

  2006cited by this paper
• Measures of Reading Comprehension: A Latent Variable Analysis of the Diagnostic Assessment of Reading Comprehension

  2006cited by this paper
• Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference

  2001cited by this paper
• Independence of age-related influences on cognitive abilities across the life span.

  1998cited by this paper
• Advantages of excluding underpowered studies in meta-analysis: Inclusionist versus exclusionist viewpoints.

  1998cited by this paper
• Mechanisms underlying reduction in Stroop interference with practice for young and old adults.

  1994cited by this paper

• The Contribution of Executive Functions to Spelling: A study in L1 Arabic and English as a Foreign Language

  2026cites this paper
• Exploring the n-back task: insights, applications, and future directions

  2025cites this paper
• Evidence- or pragmatically based education – the case of inclusion

  2025cites this paper
• Does performance on the cognitive reflection test indicate cognitive miserliness? Evidence from response times, working memory capacity, and warnings

  2025cites this paper
• Contribution of executive functions to reading comprehension in bilingual and monolingual 3rd grade children.

  2025cites this paper
• Executive Function and Transfer Effect Training in Children: A Behavioral and Event-Related Potential Pilot Study

  2025cites this paper
• Enhancing Brain Plasticity: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy Evidence for Computerized Working Memory Training in Healthy Adults.

  2025cites this paper
• Near and far transfer effects of working memory training: A preregistered, double-blind, randomized-controlled study.

  2025cites this paper
• Rehabilitation of working memory after acquired brain injury and multiple sclerosis: A systematic review

  2024cites this paper
• Transparency in Cognitive Training Meta-analyses: A Meta-review

  2024cites this paper
• Can we enhance working memory? Bias and effectiveness in cognitive training studies

  2024cites this paper
• Limited training and transfer effects in older and young adults who participated in 12 sessions of process-based working memory training. A three-armed pretest-posttest design study

  2024cites this paper
• Is working memory domain-general or domain-specific?

  2024cites this paper
• Perfectionism cognitions and memory performance: A signal detection analysis of perfectionism-relevant, negative, positive, and neutral words

  2024cites this paper
• Investigating the immediate and mid-term effect of a gamified e-learning platform for the enhancement of traffic knowledge and skills among Vietnamese adolescents operating powered two-wheelers.

  2024cites this paper
• Well-designed manufacturing work improves some cognitive abilities in individuals with cognitive impairments

  2024cites this paper
• No evidence for cross-paradigm transfer of abstract task knowledge in adults and school-aged children

  2024cites this paper
• The relationship between bilingual language use and executive functions

  2023cites this paper
• Evaluation of a sensory and cognitive online training tool for odor recognition in professional coffee tasters

  2023cites this paper
• The State of Cognitive Control in Language Processing

  2023cites this paper
• Task complexity and location speci fi c changes of cortical thickness in executive and salience networks after working memory training

  2023cites this paper
• Unicorn, Hare, or Tortoise? Using Machine Learning to Predict Working Memory Training Performance

  2023cites this paper
• Investigating the Role of Individual Differences in Adherence to Cognitive Training

  2023cites this paper
• Effects of the Multicomponent Cognitive Training Program BrainProtect in Cognitively Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

  2023cites this paper
• Verbal Working Memory-Balance program training alters the left fusiform gyrus resting-state functional connectivity: A randomized clinical trial study on children with dyslexia.

  2023cites this paper
• Neural and behavioral evidence supporting the relationship between habitual exercise and working memory precision in healthy young adults

  2023cites this paper
• Near transfer to an unrelated N-back task mediates the effect of N-back working memory training on matrix reasoning

  2022cites this paper
• Relational Frame Theory: A framework for psychologists to develop positive interventions to bring about real change in applied settings

  2022cites this paper
• Training attentive individuation leads to visuo-spatial working memory improvement in low-performing older adults: An online study

  2022cites this paper
• Using clustering algorithms to examine the association between working memory training trajectories and therapeutic outcomes among psychiatric and healthy populations

  2022cites this paper
• The Neural Mechanism Underlying Visual Working Memory Training and Its Limited Transfer Effect

  2022cites this paper
• Maintained and Delayed Benefits of Executive Function Training and Low-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Over a 3.5-Year Period in Older Adults

  2022cites this paper
• Do Executive Dysfunction, Delay Aversion, and Time Perception Deficit Predict ADHD Symptoms and Early Academic Performance in Preschoolers

  2022cites this paper
• The modulatory effect of adaptive task-switching training on resting-state neural network dynamics in younger and older adults

  2022cites this paper
• Working Memory Training Coupled With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Experiment

  2022cites this paper
• The impact of the SMART program on cognitive and academic skills: A systematic review and meta-analysis

  2022cites this paper
• Feasibility of a Home-Based Task-Switching Training in Middle-Aged Caregivers

  2022cites this paper
• Mindfulness Training Improves Cognition and Strengthens Intrinsic Connectivity Between the Hippocampus and Posteromedial Cortex in Healthy Older Adults

  2021cites this paper
• Computerized Cognitive Training by Healthy Older and Younger Adults: Age Comparisons of Overall Efficacy and Selective Effects on Cognition

  2021cites this paper
• American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Working Memory Training in Youth with Autism, Fragile X, and Intellectual Disabilities

  2021cites this paper
• A Game a Day Keeps Cognitive Decline Away? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Commercially-Available Brain Training Programs in Healthy and Cognitively Impaired Older Adults

  2021cites this paper
• Evaluating a new verbal working memory-balance program: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial study on Iranian children with dyslexia

  2021cites this paper
• Effects of Neurofeedback on the Working Memory of Children with Learning Disorders—An EEG Power-Spectrum Analysis

  2021cites this paper
• BrainProtect® - A cognitive training program with nutritional and physical counseling components: a retrospective analysis of its effects in healthy individuals

  2020cites this paper
• Transferability and sustainability of task-switching training in socioeconomically disadvantaged children: a randomized experimental study

  2020cites this paper
• Cognitive Rehabilitation in Normal Aging and Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline

  2020cites this paper
• Does Cogmed Working Memory Training Improve School-age ADHD Children’s Academic Achievement?

  2020cites this paper
• Statistical Modeling of Latent Change

  2020cites this paper
• Relational Operant Skills Training Increases Standardized Matrices Scores in Adolescents: A Stratified Active-Controlled Trial

  2020cites this paper
• Non-verbal IQ Gains from Relational Operant Training Explain Variance in Educational Attainment: An Active-Controlled Feasibility Study

  2020cites this paper
• Post-training Load-Related Changes of Auditory Working Memory – An EEG Study

  2020cites this paper
• Quantifying the Difference Between Active and Passive Control Groups in Cognitive Interventions Using Two Meta-analytical Approaches

  2020cites this paper
• The effectiveness of computerized cognitive training on working memory in a school setting

  2020cites this paper
• MRI Predictors of Cognitive Training Outcomes

  2020cites this paper
• Evaluating the Effects of Online tDCS with Emotional n-back Training on Working Memory and Associated Cognitive Abilities

  2020cites this paper
• Effects of game-based and standard executive control training on cognitive and academic abilities in elementary school children.

  2020cites this paper
• Non-verbal IQ Gains from Relational Operant Training Explain Variance in Educational Attainment: An Active-Controlled Feasibility Study

  2020cites this paper
• MRI Predictors of Cognitive Training Outcomes

  2020cites this paper
• Increasing Working Memory in Young Healthy Adults: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of a Multifaceted Brain Training Intervention

  2020cites this paper
• Working Memory Training

  2020cites this paper
• Phonological memory training and its effect on second language vocabulary development

  2020cites this paper
• Locating neural transfer effects of n-back training on the central executive: a longitudinal fMRI study

  2020cites this paper
• Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Computerized Cognitive Training in the General Population

  2020cites this paper
• The effect of cognitive training in older adults: be aware of CRUNCH

  2020cites this paper
• The Effect of Healthy Diet on Cognitive Performance Among Healthy Seniors – A Mini Review

  2020cites this paper
• Convergence of multiple fields on a relational reasoning approach to cognition.

  2020cites this paper
• Can Posthypnotic Suggestions Boost Updating in Working Memory? Behavioral and ERP Evidence.

  2020cites this paper
• Brain training habits are not associated with generalized benefits to cognition: An online study of over 1000 "brain trainers".

  2020cites this paper
• Pilot Study of an Attention and Executive Function Cognitive Intervention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

  2020cites this paper
• Working memory training does not improve executive functioning or fluid intelligence

  2020cites this paper
• THE POSSIBILITY OF LINKING SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED NEUROCOGNITIVE PLASTICITY: CAN COGNITIVE TRAINING INFLUENCE COMPENSATORY BRAIN ACTIVITY IN OLDER ADULTS? THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL PREMISES

  2020cites this paper
• Mapping differential responses to cognitive training using machine learning

  2019cites this paper
• When less is more: costs and benefits of varied vs. fixed content and structure in short-term task switching training

  2019cites this paper
• Cognitive Training Does Not Enhance General Cognition.

  2019cites this paper
• Cognition-Oriented Treatments for Older Adults: a Systematic Overview of Systematic Reviews

  2019cites this paper
• No evidence that working memory training alters gray matter structure: A MRI surface ‐based analysis

  2019cites this paper
• Can short-term memory be trained?

  2019cites this paper
• Nutrition and Chronic Conditions

  2019cites this paper
• Time-lagged associations between cognitive and cortical development from childhood to early adulthood.

  2019cites this paper
• Feasibility and Acceptability of Technology-Based Exercise and Posture Training in Older Adults With Age-Related Hyperkyphosis: Pre-Post Study

  2019cites this paper
• Traditional Chinese Medicine as an Effective Complementary Non-Pharmacological Approach to Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Call for Collaboration

  2019cites this paper
• Design and Development of the Brain Training System for the Digital “Maintain Your Brain” Dementia Prevention Trial

  2019cites this paper
• Selected rare paediatric communication neurological disorders.

  2019cites this paper
• Effects of neurofeedback and working memory-combined training on executive functions in healthy young adults

  2019cites this paper
• The effect of Neurofeedback Training on Working Memory and Perceptual-motor development in Athlete Boys

  2019cites this paper
• Does working memory improvement benefit from sleep in older adults?

  2019cites this paper
• Intensive cognitive rehabilitation therapy for chronic traumatic brain injury: a case study of neural correlates of functional improvement

  2019cites this paper
• Speed Versus Accuracy: Implications of Adolescents' Neurocognitive Developments in a Digital Game to Train Executive Functions

  2019cites this paper
• Cognitive and neural plasticity in old age: A systematic review of evidence from executive functions cognitive training.

  2019cites this paper
• A Large-Scale, Cross-Sectional Investigation Into the Efficacy of Brain Training

  2019cites this paper
• Does working memory training enhance intelligence?

  2019cites this paper
• The working memory of individuals with Down Syndrome

  2019cites this paper
• FAST: A Novel, Executive Function-Based Approach to Cognitive Enhancement

  2019cites this paper
• Impact of Learning a Foreign Language on the Enhancement of Cognitive Functions Among Healthy Older Population

  2019cites this paper
• Few Effects of a 5-Week Adaptive Computerized Cognitive Training Program in Healthy Older Adults

  2019influential citation
• Understanding the Friendships of Individuals with ADHD from an Executive Function Perspective

  2019cites this paper
• Reviewing working memory training gains in healthy older adults: A meta-analytic review of transfer for cognitive outcomes.

  2019cites this paper
• E-learning as valuable caregivers’ support for people with dementia – A systematic review

  2019cites this paper
• Brain Plasticity in Human Lifespan Development: The Exploration–Selection–Refinement Model

  2019cites this paper
• The effectiveness of working memory training with the use of n-back task in a group of older adults

  2019cites this paper