Dynamic coupling between the central and autonomic nervous systems during sleep: A review

HighlightsCentral (CNS) and autonomic (ANS) nervous systems are tightly coupled during sleep.Complex regulatory mechanisms (CNS commands and ANS reflexes) drive the coupling.Analytic methods reveal a complex interplay between cortico‐cardiac dynamics.Analysis of coupling between CNS events and ANS changes gives physiological insight.Changes in ANS‐CNS coupling might be useful as a biomarker of disease. &NA; Sleep is characterized by coordinated cortical and cardiac oscillations reflecting communication between the central (CNS) and autonomic (ANS) nervous systems. Here, we review fluctuations in ANS activity in association with CNS‐defined sleep stages and cycles, and with phasic cortical events during sleep (e.g., arousals, K‐complexes). Recent novel analytic methods reveal a dynamic organization of integrated physiological networks during sleep and indicate how multiple factors (e.g., sleep structure, age, sleep disorders) affect “CNS‐ANS coupling”. However, these data are mostly correlational and there is a lack of clarity of the underlying physiology, making it challenging to interpret causality and direction of coupling. Experimental manipulations (e.g., evoking K‐complexes or arousals) provide information on the precise temporal sequence of cortical‐cardiac activity, and are useful for investigating physiological pathways underlying CNS‐ANS coupling. With the emergence of new analytical approaches and a renewed interest in ANS and CNS communication during sleep, future work may reveal novel insights into sleep and cardiovascular interactions during health and disease, in which coupling could be adversely impacted.

• Publication year

  2018

• Venue

  Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

• Publication date

  2018-07-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.027PMID 29608990PMCID PMC5993613
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• The Sleep of the Ring: Comparison of the ŌURA Sleep Tracker Against Polysomnography

  2019cited by this paper
• Neural Sources and Underlying Mechanisms of Neural Responses to Heartbeats, and their Role in Bodily Self-consciousness: An Intracranial EEG Study

  2018cited by this paper
• Toward a better noninvasive assessment of preejection period: A novel automatic algorithm for B-point detection and correction on thoracic impedance cardiogram.

  2018cited by this paper
• The use of pulse transit time in pediatric sleep studies: A systematic review.

  2018cited by this paper
• A validation study of Fitbit Charge 2™ compared with polysomnography in adults

  2018cited by this paper
• Modulation of sympathetic vasoconstriction is critical for the effects of sleep on arterial pressure in mice

  2017cited by this paper
• AASM Scoring Manual Updates for 2017 (Version 2.4)

  2017cited by this paper
• Neural Circuitry of Wakefulness and Sleep.

  2017cited by this paper
• Differential modulation of global and local neural oscillations in REM sleep by homeostatic sleep regulation

  2017cited by this paper
• Orexins and the cardiovascular events of awakening

  2017cited by this paper
• Complexity Variability Assessment of Nonlinear Time-Varying Cardiovascular Control

  2017cited by this paper
• Not a single but multiple populations of GABAergic neurons control sleep.

  2017cited by this paper
• The heart side of brain neuromodulation

  2016cited by this paper
• Brain–heart interactions: physiology and clinical implications

  2016cited by this paper
• The Boom in Wearable Technology: Cause for Alarm or Just What is Needed to Better Understand Sleep?

  2016cited by this paper
• Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions and sleep disorders.

  2016cited by this paper
• Complexity and nonlinear biomarkers in emotional disorders: A meta-analytic study.

  2016cited by this paper
• Delay-correlation landscape reveals characteristic time delays of brain rhythms and heart interactions

  2016cited by this paper
• Central neural control of thermoregulation and brown adipose tissue.

  2016cited by this paper
• Autonomic dysfunction in primary sleep disorders.

  2016cited by this paper
• K-Complexes: Interaction between the Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems during Sleep.

  2016cited by this paper
• Predictability decomposition detects the impairment of brain–heart dynamical networks during sleep disorders and their recovery with treatment

  2016cited by this paper
• Focus on the emerging new fields of network physiology and network medicine

  2016cited by this paper
• EEG beta power and heart rate variability describe the association between cortical and autonomic arousals across sleep.

  2016cited by this paper
• Heartbeat-related EEG amplitude and phase modulations from wakefulness to deep sleep: Interactions with sleep spindles and slow oscillations.

  2015cited by this paper
• Relationship between spontaneous sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in healthy young individuals

  2015cited by this paper
• Time delay between cardiac and brain activity during sleep transitions

  2015cited by this paper
• Linear and non-linear brain–heart and brain–brain interactions during sleep

  2015cited by this paper
• Sleep electroencephalography and heart rate variability interdependence amongst healthy subjects and insomnia/schizophrenia patients

  2015cited by this paper
• We should be using nonlinear indices when relating heart-rate dynamics to cognition and mood

  2015cited by this paper
• Bidirectional interactions between the baroreceptor reflex and arousal: an update.

  2015cited by this paper
• Time-varying correlations between delta EEG power and heart rate variability in midlife women: the SWAN Sleep Study.

  2015influential reference
• Network Physiology: How Organ Systems Dynamically Interact

  2015cited by this paper
• Seizure detection, seizure prediction, and closed-loop warning systems in epilepsy.

  2014cited by this paper
• The low frequency power of heart rate variability is neither a measure of cardiac sympathetic tone nor of baroreflex sensitivity.

  2014cited by this paper
• Nocturnal cardiac autonomic profile in young primary insomniacs and good sleepers.

  2014cited by this paper
• Relationship between delta power and the electrocardiogram-derived cardiopulmonary spectrogram: possible implications for assessing the effectiveness of sleep.

  2014cited by this paper
• Preschool children with obstructive sleep apnea: the beginnings of elevated blood pressure?

  2013cited by this paper
• The LF/HF ratio does not accurately measure cardiac sympatho-vagal balance

  2013cited by this paper
• Baroreflex sensitivity: mechanisms and measurement

  2013cited by this paper
• Non-EEG seizure-detection systems and potential SUDEP prevention: state of the art.

  2013cited by this paper
• Long-term CPAP treatment partially improves the link between cardiac vagal influence and delta sleep

  2013cited by this paper
• Central control of cardiovascular function during sleep.

  2013cited by this paper
• The utility of low frequency heart rate variability as an index of sympathetic cardiac tone: a review with emphasis on a reanalysis of previous studies.

  2013cited by this paper
• Heart cycle-related effects on event-related potentials, spectral power changes, and connectivity patterns in the human ECoG

  2013cited by this paper
• Heart rate variability, sleep and sleep disorders.

  2012cited by this paper
• Network physiology reveals relations between network topology and physiological function

  2012cited by this paper
• Sympathovagal balance from heart rate variability: an obituary

  2012cited by this paper
• Phase synchronization and directional coupling between brain and heart during sleep

  2012cited by this paper
• Mathematical modeling of cardiovascular coupling: Central autonomic commands and baroreflex control.

  2011cited by this paper
• Sleep and cardiovascular regulation

  2011cited by this paper
• Existence of an Endogenous Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythm in Humans That Peaks in the Evening

  2011cited by this paper
• Functional role of diverse changes in sympathetic nerve activity in regulating arterial pressure during REM sleep.

  2011cited by this paper
• Sleep onset and cardiovascular activity in primary insomnia

  2011cited by this paper
• The hyperarousal model of insomnia: a review of the concept and its evidence.

  2010cited by this paper
• Brain and heart interaction during sleep in the healthy and sleep apnoea

  2010cited by this paper
• Cross-correlation of EEG frequency bands and heart rate variability for sleep apnoea classification

  2010cited by this paper
• Methods of evaluation of autonomic nervous system function

  2010cited by this paper
• Altered interaction between cardiac vagal influence and delta sleep EEG suggests an altered neuroplasticity in patients suffering from major depressive disorder

  2010cited by this paper
• The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors.

  2010cited by this paper
• Non-dipping pattern of hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

  2010cited by this paper
• Hyperarousal and insomnia: state of the science.

  2010cited by this paper
• Key role of coupling, delay, and noise in resting brain fluctuations

  2009cited by this paper
• The impact of chronic primary insomnia on the heart rate--EEG variability link.

  2009cited by this paper
• Regulation and functional correlates of slow wave sleep.

  2009cited by this paper
• Blood pressure and heart rate during continuous experimental sleep fragmentation in healthy adults.

  2008cited by this paper
• Sleep-dependent changes in the coupling between heart period and blood pressure in human subjects.

  2008cited by this paper
• PHYSIOLOGICAL SLEEP‐DEPENDENT CHANGES IN ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE: CENTRAL AUTONOMIC COMMANDS AND BAROREFLEX CONTROL

  2008cited by this paper
• Cardiac Activity and Sympathovagal Balance During Sleep

  2007cited by this paper
• Combination of EEG and ECG for improved automatic neonatal seizure detection.

  2007cited by this paper
• Interpretation of normalized spectral heart rate variability indices in sleep research: a critical review.

  2007cited by this paper
• Central Command Regulation of Circulatory Function Mediated by Descending Pontine Cholinergic Inputs to Sympathoexcitatory Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Neurons

  2007cited by this paper
• Handbook of Psychophysiology: FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY

  2007cited by this paper
• Thermoregulation: some concepts have changed. Functional architecture of the thermoregulatory system.

  2007cited by this paper
• CALL FOR PAPERS Physiology and Pharmacology of Temperature Regulation Thermoregulation: some concepts have changed. Functional architecture of the thermoregulatory system

  2007cited by this paper
• Scale-free dynamics of the synchronization between sleep EEG power bands and the high frequency component of heart rate variability in normal men and patients with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

  2007cited by this paper
• Sleep‐active neurons in the preoptic area project to the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and perifornical lateral hypothalamus

  2006cited by this paper
• Microneurography as a tool in clinical neurophysiology to investigate peripheral neural traffic in humans.

  2006cited by this paper
• The enigma of Mayer waves: Facts and models.

  2006influential reference
• The impact of slow wave sleep proximity on evoked K-complex generation.

  2006cited by this paper
• Beyond Heart Rate Variability

  2006cited by this paper
• Central respiratory modulation of barosensitive neurones in rat caudal ventrolateral medulla

  2006cited by this paper
• The link between cardiac autonomic activity and sleep delta power is altered in men with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

  2006cited by this paper
• The cardiorespiratory activation response at an arousal from sleep is independent of the level of CO2

  2006cited by this paper
• The K-complex: a 7-decade history.

  2005cited by this paper
• Progressive aging does not alter the interaction between autonomic cardiac activity and delta EEG power.

  2005cited by this paper
• Sleep stage 2: an electroencephalographic, autonomic, and hormonal duality.

  2005cited by this paper
• Changes in cardiovascular function during the sleep onset period in young adults.

  2005cited by this paper
• Circadian variation in base rate measures of cardiac autonomic activity

  2004cited by this paper
• Unitary characteristics of presumptive cholinergic tegmental neurons during the sleep-waking cycle in freely moving cats

  2004cited by this paper
• Interdependency between heart rate variability and sleep EEG: linear/non-linear?

  2004cited by this paper
• The suprachiasmatic nucleus regulates sleep timing and amount in mice.

  2004cited by this paper
• The human respiratory gate.

  2003influential reference
• Relationship between blood pressure, sleep K-complexes, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans.

  2003influential reference
• A study of the dynamic interactions between sleep EEG and heart rate variability in healthy young men.

  2003cited by this paper
• Sleep states alter activity of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons

  2003cited by this paper
• Relationship between renal sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure during REM sleep in rats.

  2003cited by this paper
• On the nature of cardiovascular activation at an arousal from sleep.

  2003cited by this paper
• Circadian Profile of Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Modulation in Healthy Subjects:

  2003cited by this paper
• Structural characterization of a hypothalamic visceromotor pattern generator network.

  2003cited by this paper

• The interactive effect of long nighttime sleep and daytime napping on QTc prolongation in hypertensive adults.

  2026cites this paper
• Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Before Bedtime: Feasibility and Mechanistic Pilot Study on Sleep and Cardiac Autonomic Activity.

  2026cites this paper
• A Sleep Staging Algorithm for Children Using PPG and IMU Sensors Based on the Imoo Watch Phone

  2025cites this paper
• Microbiota-gut-brain axis pathogenesis and targeted therapeutics in sleep disorders

  2025cites this paper
• Cardiovascular Activity Predominantly Modulates Brain Dynamics in Non‐REM Sleep Transitions

  2025influential citation
• Simultaneous stomach-brain electrophysiology reveals dynamic coupling in human sleep

  2025cites this paper
• EEG and ECG Signal-Based Analysis of Neurocardiac Coupling in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

  2025cites this paper
• Simultaneous EEG-PET-MRI identifies temporally coupled and spatially structured brain dynamics across wakefulness and NREM sleep

  2025cites this paper
• Beyond Sleep Hygiene: A Multidimensional Clinical Profile for Precision CBT-I in Distressed University Students

  2025cites this paper
• Sleep, Stress, and Sex: Uncovering Autonomic Regulation During Sleep in Daily Life Using Heart Rate Variability and Physical Activity Metrics

  2025cites this paper
• Tone-Evoked Sleep Electroencephalographic Slow Oscillations as a Function of Peripheral Rhythms: New Insights Into the Brain-Heart Integration.

  2025cites this paper
• Modulation of neurofluid fluctuation frequency by baseline carbon dioxide in awake humans: the role of the autonomic nervous system

  2025cites this paper
• It's not just the brain that sleeps. A commentary on "Association of Novel EEG Biomarkers of Sleep Depth and Cortical Arousability with Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Adolescents" by Rahawi et al.

  2025cites this paper
• [Evaluation method and system for aging effects of autonomic nervous system based on cross-wavelet transform cardiopulmonary coupling].

  2025cites this paper
• Role of heart rate variability analysis in differentiating patients with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorders from healthy subjects. A systematic review with meta-analysis.

  2025cites this paper
• Learning individual autonomic representations of sleep stages to improve photoplethysmography based sleep monitoring

  2025cites this paper
• Dynamic brain-heart interaction in sleep characterized by variational phase-amplitude coupling framework

  2025cites this paper
• Circadian rhythm types and sleep health in college students: Insights from 24-hour heart rate variability monitoring.

  2025cites this paper
• Autonomic Correlates of Large Muscle Group Movements During NREM Sleep in Restless Legs Syndrome: A Comparative Analysis with Periodic and Non-Periodic Leg Movements.

  2025cites this paper
• Tabular Feature Guided Multimodal Cardiovascular Disease Classification

  2025cites this paper
• BrainFusion: a Low‐Code, Reproducible, and Deployable Software Framework for Multimodal Brain‒Computer Interface and Brain‒Body Interaction Research

  2025cites this paper
• Adolescents' next-day perceptions of their sleep quality, quantity, sleepiness and sleepiness-related symptoms relative to actigraphy metrics.

  2025cites this paper
• Dynamic brain-heart-gut coupling during sleep: a continuous physiological signal analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Integrative Impact of Multi-Domain Lifestyle Intervention on Autonomic Function, Cognitive Flexibility, and Sleep Homeostasis in Postmenopausal Women

  2025cites this paper
• Autonomic physiological coupling of the global fMRI signal

  2025cites this paper
• Sleep links hippocampal propensity for epileptiform activity to its viscerosensory inputs

  2025cites this paper
• Prediction of Myocardial Infarction Based on Non-ECG Sleep Data Combined With Domain Knowledge

  2025cites this paper
• Diverse dynamics in interacting vortices systems through tunable conservative and non-conservative coupling strengths

  2025cites this paper
• Dentofacial deformities as independent predictors of sleep disorders: a cross-sectional study of young adults

  2025cites this paper
• Simultaneous EEG-PET-MRI identifies temporally coupled, spatially structured hemodynamic and metabolic dynamics across wakefulness and NREM sleep

  2025cites this paper
• Identification of Non-Restorative Sleep Associated With Depression Using Ambulatory Electrocardiogram and Triaxial Acceleration

  2025cites this paper
• Anything but small: Microarousals stand at the crossroad between noradrenaline signaling and key sleep functions.

  2025cites this paper
• Cardiovascular responses to natural and auditory evoked slow waves predict post-sleep cardiac function

  2024cites this paper
• PSGAnalyzer: The Intelligent Sleep Analysis Platform Empowering Sleep Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment

  2024cites this paper
• A review of automatic sleep stage classification using machine learning algorithms based on heart rate variability

  2024cites this paper
• Sleep Stage Classification Through HRV, Complexity Measures, and Heart Rate Asymmetry Using Generalized Estimating Equations Models

  2024cites this paper
• Remote Monitoring of Sympathovagal Imbalance During Sleep and Its Implications in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review

  2024cites this paper
• Effect of closed-loop vibration stimulation on sleep quality for poor sleepers

  2024cites this paper
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

  2024cites this paper
• Supervised machine learning on electrocardiography features to classify sleep in noncritically ill children

  2024cites this paper
• Network analysis of the relationship between different heart rate variability metrics during sleep

  2024cites this paper
• Effects of Somatosensory Games on Heart Rate Variability and Sleep-Related Biomarkers in Menopausal Women With Poor Sleep Quality

  2024cites this paper
• Enhancing SCI Care: Using Wearable Technologies for Physical Activity, Sleep, and Cardiovascular Health.

  2024cites this paper
• Associations of Subjective Sleep Quality with Wearable Device-Derived Resting Heart Rate During REM Sleep and Non-REM Sleep in a Cohort of Japanese Office Workers

  2024cites this paper
• Wireless wearable sensors can facilitate rapid detection of sleep apnea in hospitalized stroke patients.

  2024cites this paper
• Social interaction anxiety and sleep quality in youth: Individual difference in childhood adversity and cardiac vagal control.

  2024cites this paper
• Heart rate variability during sleep in synucleinopathies: a review

  2024cites this paper
• Widespread Autonomic Physiological Coupling Across the Brain-Body Axis

  2024cites this paper
• Heart Rate Variability during Online Video Game Playing in Habitual Gamers: Effects of Internet Addiction Scale, Ranking Score and Gaming Performance

  2023cites this paper
• State of the Science and Recommendations for Using Wearable Technology in Sleep and Circadian Research.

  2023cites this paper
• Noncontact in Bed Measurements of Electrocardiogram Using a Capacitively Coupled Electrode Array Based on Flexible Circuit Board

  2023cites this paper
• Machine learning approaches for predicting sleep arousal response based on heart rate variability, oxygen saturation, and body profiles

  2023cites this paper
• Concentration–effect relationships of plasma caffeine on EEG delta power and cardiac autonomic activity during human sleep

  2023cites this paper
• A Novel Sleep Staging Method Based on EEG and ECG Multimodal Features Combination

  2023cites this paper
• Effect of propofol on heart rate and its coupling to cortical slow waves in humans

  2023cites this paper
• Auditory stimulation of sleep slow waves enhances left ventricular function in humans

  2023cites this paper
• Integrated Biosignal Analysis to Provide Biomarkers for Recognizing Time Perception Difficulties

  2023cites this paper
• The association between sleep duration and muscle sympathetic nerve activity

  2023cites this paper
• [Associations between indoor volatile organic compounds and nocturnal heart rate variability of young female adults: A panel study].

  2023cites this paper
• Performance evaluation of Fitbit Charge 3 and actigraphy vs. polysomnography: Sensitivity, specificity, and reliability across participants and nights.

  2023cites this paper
• Home-Based Measurements of Nocturnal Cardiac Parasympathetic Activity in Athletes during Return to Sport after Sport-Related Concussion

  2023cites this paper
• Exploratory Validation of Sleep-Tracking Devices in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

  2023cites this paper
• A novel conceptual framework for the functionality of the glymphatic system.

  2023cites this paper
• The First-Night Effect on the Instability of Stage N2: Evidence from the Activity of the Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems

  2023influential citation
• Effects of sleep fragmentation and partial sleep restriction on heart rate variability during night

  2023cites this paper
• Heart rate variability in different sleep stages is associated with metabolic function and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus

  2023cites this paper
• Morning perception of sleep, stress, and mood, and its relationship with overnight physiological sleep: findings from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study

  2023cites this paper
• Cardiorespiratory changes associated with micro-arousals during naps

  2023cites this paper
• The past, present, and future of sleep quality assessment and monitoring.

  2023cites this paper
• The Putative Role of Neuroinflammation in the Interaction between Traumatic Brain Injuries, Sleep, Pain and Other Neuropsychiatric Outcomes: A State-of-the-Art Review

  2023cites this paper
• Tenuifolin ameliorates the sleep deprivation‐induced cognitive deficits

  2023cites this paper
• Peripheral blood flow estimated by laser doppler flowmetry provides additional information about sleep state beyond that provided by pulse rate variability

  2023cites this paper
• Application of Piezoelectric PLLA Braided Cord as Wearable Sensor to Realize Monitoring System for Indoor Dogs with Less Physical or Mental Stress

  2023cites this paper
• Autonomic nervous pattern analysis of sleep deprivation

  2022cites this paper
• Development of the Ontogenetic Self-Regulation Clock

  2022cites this paper
• Heart rate variability increases following automated acoustic slow wave sleep enhancement

  2022cites this paper
• Entropy Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Different Sleep Stages

  2022cites this paper
• Interbeat interval-based sleep staging: work in progress toward real-time implementation

  2022cites this paper
• PtNPs/Short MWCNT-PEDOT: PSS-Modified Microelectrode Array to Detect Neuronal Firing Patterns in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus and Hippocampus of Insomnia Rats

  2022cites this paper
• Combining cardiac monitoring with actigraphy aids nocturnal arousal detection during ambulatory sleep assessment in insomnia.

  2022cites this paper
• Performance Evaluation of a Smart Bed Technology against Polysomnography

  2022cites this paper
• Tracking Sleep, Temperature, Heart Rate, and Daily Symptoms Across the Menstrual Cycle with the Oura Ring in Healthy Women

  2022cites this paper
• Multi-Night at-Home Evaluation of Improved Sleep Detection and Classification with a Memory-Enhanced Consumer Sleep Tracker

  2022cites this paper
• When the Locus Coeruleus Speaks Up in Sleep: Recent Insights, Emerging Perspectives

  2022cites this paper
• Detecting sleep outside the clinic using wearable heart rate devices

  2022cites this paper
• Combining cardiac monitoring with actigraphy aids nocturnal arousal detection during ambulatory sleep assessment in insomnia

  2022cites this paper
• Full-Body Photobiomodulation Therapy Is Associated with Reduced Sleep Durations and Augmented Cardiorespiratory Indicators of Recovery

  2022cites this paper
• Sleep Monitoring during Acute Stroke Rehabilitation: Toward Automated Measurement Using Multimodal Wireless Sensors

  2022cites this paper
• Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Stellate Ganglion Block on Postoperative Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

  2022cites this paper
• Changes in the cortical network during sleep stage transitions

  2022cites this paper
• Cardiorespiratory rhythms, brain oscillatory activity and cognition: review of evidence and proposal for significance.

  2022cites this paper
• The complexities of the sleep-pain relationship in adolescents: A critical review.

  2022cites this paper
• Effects of age and sex on vasomotor activity and baroreflex sensitivity during the sleep–wake cycle

  2022cites this paper
• Central Autonomic Network

  2022cites this paper
• Autonomic Mechanisms Of Blood Pressure Alterations During Sleep In Orexin/Hypocretin-Deficient Narcoleptic Mice.

  2021cites this paper
• Increased resting heart rate and glucose metabolism in a community population

  2021cites this paper
• A model characterizing the coupling between slow-wave activity, instantaneous heart rate and heart rate variability during sleep*

  2021cites this paper
• Simulating Dynamics of Circulation in the Awake State and Different Stages of Sleep Using Non-autonomous Mathematical Model With Time Delay

  2021cites this paper
• Dynamics of peripheral blood flow across sleep stages

  2021influential citation
• Performance of consumer wearable sleep technology

  2021cites this paper