Current Advances on the Important Roles of Enhancer RNAs in Gene Regulation and Cancer

Revealing the gene regulation networks governing cancer initiation and development is necessary while it remains uncompleted. In recent years, enhancers have been reported to be widely transcribed, resulting in the generation of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). Previous studies have reported that eRNAs are a subclass of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which play a critical role in gene regulation and cancer development. These eRNAs can promote enhancer-promoter (E-P) looping formation by binding to other protein factors or propel expression of downstream protein-coding gene. In this review, we have focused on the characteristics of eRNAs and illustrated the biological function and potential mechanism of eRNAs in regulating gene expression and cancer development.

• Publication year

  2018

• Venue

  BioMed Research International

• Publication date

  2018-05-22

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1155/2018/2405351PMID 29951530PMCID 5987348
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Enhancer transcription: what, where, when, and why?

  2018cited by this paper
• Genome-wide analysis reveals a role for TDG in estrogen receptor-mediated enhancer RNA transcription and 3-dimensional reorganization

  2018cited by this paper
• Enhancer RNA profiling predicts transcription factor activity

  2018cited by this paper
• Individual effects of the copia and gypsy enhancer and insulator on chromatin marks, eRNA synthesis, and binding of insulator proteins in transfected genetic constructs.

  2018cited by this paper
• The degree of enhancer or promoter activity is reflected by the levels and directionality of eRNA transcription

  2018cited by this paper
• Functional annotation of structural ncRNAs within enhancer RNAs in the human genome: implications for human disease

  2017cited by this paper
• Emerging roles of transcriptional enhancers in chromatin looping and promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II

  2017cited by this paper
• Mutations in ACTRT1 and its enhancer RNA elements lead to aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling in inherited and sporadic basal cell carcinomas

  2017cited by this paper
• eRNA binding produces tailored CBP activity profiles to regulate gene expression

  2017cited by this paper
• Cis‐Regulatory Mutations in Human Disease

  2016cited by this paper
• CCAT1 is an enhancer-templated RNA that predicts BET sensitivity in colorectal cancer.

  2016cited by this paper
• Activation of P-TEFb by Androgen Receptor-Regulated Enhancer RNAs in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

  2016cited by this paper
• Alterations of androgen receptor-regulated enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) contribute to enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer

  2016cited by this paper
• Genome-wide repression of eRNA and target gene loci by the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion in acute leukemia

  2016cited by this paper
• Genome-wide profiling of p53-regulated enhancer RNAs uncovers a subset of enhancers controlled by a lncRNA

  2015cited by this paper
• Identification of altered cis-regulatory elements in human disease.

  2015cited by this paper
• Transcription factor trapping by RNA in gene regulatory elements

  2015cited by this paper
• 'Lnc'-ing enhancers to MYC regulation

  2014cited by this paper
• Nuclear stability and transcriptional directionality separate functionally distinct RNA species

  2014cited by this paper
• Enhancer RNAs participate in androgen receptor-driven looping that selectively enhances gene activation

  2014cited by this paper
• Enhancer RNAs and regulated transcriptional programs.

  2014cited by this paper
• Enhancer RNA facilitates NELF release from immediate early genes.

  2014cited by this paper
• Transcriptional enhancers: from properties to genome-wide predictions

  2014cited by this paper
• Enhancer function: mechanistic and genome-wide insights come together.

  2014cited by this paper
• The emerging roles of eRNAs in transcriptional regulatory networks

  2014cited by this paper
• An atlas of active enhancers across human cell types and tissues

  2014cited by this paper
• Human colorectal cancer-specific CCAT1-L lncRNA regulates long-range chromatin interactions at the MYC locus

  2014cited by this paper
• Looping back to leap forward: transcription enters a new era.

  2014cited by this paper
• Activating RNAs associate with Mediator to enhance chromatin architecture and transcription

  2013cited by this paper
• eRNAs promote transcription by establishing chromatin accessibility at defined genomic loci.

  2013cited by this paper
• Rev-Erbs repress macrophage gene expression by inhibiting enhancer-directed transcription

  2013cited by this paper
• Functional roles of enhancer RNAs for oestrogen-dependent transcriptional activation

  2013cited by this paper
• Posttranslational Modification of the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer

  2013cited by this paper
• Deciphering the transcriptional cis-regulatory code.

  2013cited by this paper
• Noncoding transcription at enhancers: general principles and functional models.

  2012cited by this paper
• Global changes in nuclear positioning of genes and intra- and inter-domain genomic interactions that orchestrate B cell fate

  2012cited by this paper
• Promoter-proximal pausing of RNA polymerase II: emerging roles in metazoans

  2012cited by this paper
• Transcription factors: from enhancer binding to developmental control

  2012cited by this paper
• Enhancers as information integration hubs in development: lessons from genomics.

  2012cited by this paper
• The long-range interaction landscape of gene promoters

  2012cited by this paper
• Enhancer function: new insights into the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression

  2011cited by this paper
• Functional and mechanistic diversity of distal transcription enhancers.

  2011cited by this paper
• Reprogramming Transcription via Distinct Classes of Enhancers Functionally Defined by eRNA

  2011cited by this paper
• A long noncoding RNA maintains active chromatin to coordinate homeotic gene expression

  2011cited by this paper
• Chromatin accessibility pre-determines glucocorticoid receptor binding patterns

  2011cited by this paper
• Global quantification of mammalian gene expression control

  2011cited by this paper
• A Large Fraction of Extragenic RNA Pol II Transcription Sites Overlap Enhancers

  2010cited by this paper
• Simple combinations of lineage-determining transcription factors prime cis-regulatory elements required for macrophage and B cell identities.

  2010cited by this paper
• Regulation of gene expression via the core promoter and the basal transcriptional machinery.

  2010cited by this paper
• Cell-Specific Determinants of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Function in Adipocytes and Macrophages

  2010cited by this paper
• Maintaining cell identity through global control of genomic organization.

  2010cited by this paper
• Histone modifications at human enhancers reflect global cell-type-specific gene expression

  2009cited by this paper
• Cis-regulatory mutations in human disease.

  2009cited by this paper
• Genome-wide profiling of PPARgamma:RXR and RNA polymerase II occupancy reveals temporal activation of distinct metabolic pathways and changes in RXR dimer composition during adipogenesis.

  2008cited by this paper
• Activation and Repression Mechanisms in Yeast

  2008cited by this paper
• Genome-wide analysis of estrogen receptor binding sites

  2006cited by this paper
• Activation and repression mechanisms in yeast.

  1998cited by this paper
• The SV40 72 base repair repeat has a striking effect on gene expression both in SV40 and other chimeric recombinants.

  1981cited by this paper
• Expression of a beta-globin gene is enhanced by remote SV40 DNA sequences.

  1981cited by this paper
• Expression of a β-globin gene is enhanced by remote SV40 DNA sequences

  1981cited by this paper

• Pan-cancer analysis of enhancer-induced MIR17HG and validation as a SIRT1-promoting factor in colorectal cancer

  2025cites this paper
• The impact of anesthetics on the transcriptome

  2025cites this paper
• Pan-cancer analysis of super-enhancer-induced LINC00862 and validation as a SIRT1-promoting factor in cervical cancer and gastric cancer

  2024cites this paper
• Integrated analysis of transcriptome and epigenome reveals ENSR00000272060 as a potential biomarker in gastric cancer.

  2024cites this paper
• Identification of enhancer RNA AC005515.1 as a novel biomarker for prognosis in esophageal cancer and predictors of immunotherapy response

  2023cites this paper
• A four-enhancer RNA-based prognostic signature for thyroid cancer.

  2022cites this paper
• Anesthetics and Long Term Cancer Outcomes: May Epigenetics Be the Key for Pancreatic Cancer?

  2022cites this paper
• Evaluate the immune-related eRNA models and signature score to predict the response to immunotherapy in thyroid carcinoma

  2022cites this paper
• Clinicopathological implications of lncRNAs, immunotherapy and DNA methylation in lung squamous cell carcinoma: a narrative review

  2021cites this paper
• Identification and Validation of an Immune-Related eRNA Prognostic Signature for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  2021cites this paper
• Exosomal Long Noncoding RNAs: Insights into Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications in Lung Cancer

  2020cites this paper
• Bimodal sequence composition underlies functional duality of transcribed enhancers

  2020cites this paper
• Anaesthesia and cancer: can anaesthetic drugs modify gene expression?

  2020cites this paper
• Growth of cells, growth factors, and oncogenes

  2020cites this paper
• Long Non-Coding RNAs: The Regulatory Mechanisms, Research Strategies, and Future Directions in Cancers

  2020cites this paper
• CSynth: A Dynamic Modelling and Visualisation Tool for 3D Chromatin Structure

  2019cites this paper
• AP001056.1, A Prognosis-Related Enhancer RNA in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

  2019cites this paper
• The role of small and long non-coding RNAs in cardiac pathologies

  2019cites this paper
• The impact of anesthetics on the transcriptome Wpływ anestetyków na transkryptom

  year unknowncites this paper