Occurrence and exposure of 3-monochloropropanediol diesters in edible oils and oil-based foodstuffs from the Spanish market.

During the industrial refining process of edible oils and the manufacture of oil-based foodstuff, contaminants such as 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) fatty acid diesters can be produced. One hundred samples of different edible oils and related fatty food purchased from local Spanish markets were analyzed to evaluate the occurrence of these contaminants. Data of seven 3-MCPD diesters together with corresponding total 3-MCPD equivalents are presented. The procedure is based on a modified QuEChERS protocol followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and unrefined oils did not contain detectable levels of the target analytes. The highest levels of 3-MCPD diesters were found in palm oils, for 1,2-Dilinoleoyl-3-chloropropanediol (LILI) and 1-2-Bispalmitoyl-3-chloropropanediol (PAPA) with concentrations close to 10 mg kg-1 and in the lipid fraction of margarines (8.09, 3.77 and 3.72 mg kg-1 for LILI, PAPA and 1-Oleoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-chloropropanediol (OLLI), respectively).

• Publication year

  2019

• Venue

  Food Chemistry

• Publication date

  Unknown publication date

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Chemistry, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.100PMID 30174037
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Discrimination of processing grades of olive oil and other vegetable oils by monochloropropanediol esters and glycidyl esters.

  2018influential reference
• Mitigation strategies for ester bound 2-/3-MCPD and esterified glycidol in pre-fried breaded and frozen fish products.

  2018cited by this paper
• 3-Chloropropane-1,2-diol Fatty Acid Esters in Potato Products

  2018cited by this paper
• Development of a partitioned liquid-liquid extraction- dispersive solid phase extraction procedure followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol diesters in edible oils.

  2018cited by this paper
• Free and bound 3 -chloropropane -1,2 -diol in coffee surrogates and malts

  2018cited by this paper
• Direct determination of 3-chloropropanol esters in edible vegetable oils using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS-Orbitrap)

  2017influential reference
• Novel fast analytical method for indirect determination of MCPD fatty acid esters in edible oils and fats based on simultaneous extraction and derivatization

  2017cited by this paper
• Occurrence of 3-monochloropropanediol esters and glycidyl esters in commercial infant formulas in the United States

  2017cited by this paper
• Effect of deep-frying on 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters contents and quality control of refined olive pomace oil blended with refined palm oil

  2017cited by this paper
• Scientific opinion: Risks for human health related to the presence of 3- and 2-monochloropropanediol (MCPD), and their fatty acid esters, and glycidyl fatty acid esters in food

  2016cited by this paper
• Indirect Determination of MCPD Fatty Acid Esters in Lipid Fractions of Commercially Available Infant Formulas for the Assessment of Infants’ Health Risk

  2016cited by this paper
• Analysis and occurrence of dichloropropanol fatty acid esters and related process‐induced contaminants in edible oils and fats

  2016cited by this paper
• 3-MCPD: A Worldwide Problem of Food Chemistry

  2016cited by this paper
• Green analytical chemistry introduction to chloropropanols determination at no economic and analytical performance costs?

  2016cited by this paper
• Determination of 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD esters in edible oils, fish oils and lipid fractions of margarines available on Polish market

  2016cited by this paper
• A pilot survey of 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol and glycidol fatty acid esters in foods on the Canadian market 2011–2013

  2015cited by this paper
• Exposure assessment of 3-monochloropropane-1, 2-diol esters from edible oils and fats in China.

  2015influential reference
• 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid esters in commercial deep-fat fried foods

  2015influential reference
• Application of modern sample preparation techniques to the determination of chloropropanols in food samples

  2014cited by this paper
• Development of an analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in oil-based foodstuffs

  2014cited by this paper
• Processing contaminants in edible oils: MCPD and glycidyl esters.

  2014cited by this paper
• Processing and Nutrition of Fats and Oils

  2013cited by this paper
• Mitigation of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters within the production chain of vegetable oils especially palm oil

  2013cited by this paper
• Occurrence of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in edible oils in the United States

  2013cited by this paper
• Analysis of processing contaminants in edible oils. Part 2. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the direct detection of 3-monochloropropanediol and 2-monochloropropanediol diesters.

  2013cited by this paper
• Dietary exposure of Hong Kong adults to fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol

  2013cited by this paper
• Simultaneous determination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol and acrylamide in food by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with coupled column separation.

  2013cited by this paper
• A new, direct analytical method using LC-MS/MS for fatty acid esters of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD esters) in edible oils

  2013cited by this paper
• Simultaneous derivatization and ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of chloropropanols in soy milk and other aqueous matrices combined with gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry.

  2013cited by this paper
• Simultaneous determination of 3-MCPD fatty acid esters and glycidol fatty acid esters in edible oils using liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry

  2012influential reference
• Novel approaches to analysis of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol esters in vegetable oils

  2012cited by this paper
• Comparison of indirect and direct quantification of esters of monochloropropanediol in vegetable oil.

  2012cited by this paper
• Formation mechanisms of Monochloropropanediol (MCPD) fatty acid diesters in refined palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil and related fractions

  2012cited by this paper
• Fatty acid esters of 3-MCPD: Overview of occurrence and exposure estimates

  2011influential reference
• Determination of chloropropanols in foods by one-step extraction and derivatization using pressurized liquid extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

  2011cited by this paper
• 3-MCPD in food other than soy sauce or hydrolysed vegetable protein (HVP)

  2010cited by this paper
• Occurrence of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid esters in infant and baby foods

  2009influential reference

• Dietary exposure of general population to 3-monochloropropane-1, 2-diol esters from edible oils and oil-containing foods in Shanghai, China

  2025cites this paper
• Quantification of 2-, 3-monochloropropanediol fatty acid esters and glycidyl esters in food emulsifiers by GC-MS/MS: an alternative approach

  2025cites this paper
• Multivariate analyses of chloropropanol and fatty acid profiles in lipid-based foods: Implications for health risk and oxidative stability

  2025cites this paper
• Probabilistic health risk assessment for dietary exposure to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol (1,3-DCP) through consumption of commercial soup

  2025cites this paper
• Occurrence of Hazardous Fatty Acid-Derived Substances in Edible Oils Distributed in Korea

  2024cites this paper
• The Trend in Mitigation Strategies of 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol and Glycidyl Esters in Edible Vegetable Oils: Today and Tomorrow

  2024influential citation
• Health risk assessment for dietary exposure to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol, 2-monochloropropane-1,2-diol, and glycidol for Italian consumers.

  2024cites this paper
• Exposure to Dietary Glycidyl and 3-MCPD Fatty Acid Esters and Associated Burden of Cancer in Selected Asian and European Countries: A Review and Data Synthesis

  2024cites this paper
• 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) (free and esterified) in edible oil, soy sauce and infant formula: A systematic review of the occurrence and employed analytical approaches

  2024cites this paper
• Occurrence and exposure evaluation of 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in refined vegetable oils marketed in Tianjin of China

  2024cites this paper
• 3-Monochloropropandiol and Glycidyl Esters in Heat-Processed Oil-Based Food Products: Exposure and Risk

  2024cites this paper
• Determination of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in instant noodles based on solid-phase microextraction with chitosan-β-cyclodextrin coated fiber.

  2024cites this paper
• Monitoring changes in 3-monochloropropanediol, 2-monochloropropanediol, and glycidyl esters of palm olein after repeated deep frying of commercial chicken nuggets

  2024cites this paper
• Chlorinated paraffins as chlorine donors for the formation of 2- and 3-chloropropanediols in refined vegetable oils.

  2024cites this paper
• Comparative analysis of ultrasound-accelerated alkaline and acid hydrolysis for the indirect determination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid esters

  2024cites this paper
• Analysis of 3-MCPD and 1,3-DCP occurrence in mayonnaise: A probabilistic risk assessment of dietary exposure for Iranians

  2024cites this paper
• Emerging techniques for the trace elemental analysis of Plants and Food-based Extracts: A Comprehensive Review

  2024cites this paper
• Determination of 3 monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and 1,3-Dichloropropan-2-ol (1,3-DCP) levels in edible vegetable oils: A health risk assessment for Iranian consumers

  2023cites this paper
• Preliminary assessments of population exposure to glycidyl esters and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters from miscellaneous oil-containing packaged foods in Taiwan.

  2023cites this paper
• Enzymatic hydrolysis and detection of 3‐monochloropropane ‐1,2‐diol esters

  2023cites this paper
• 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD): a review on properties, occurrence, mechanism of formation, toxicity, analytical approach and mitigation strategy

  2023cites this paper
• Occurrence and Dietary Exposure of 3-MCPD Esters and Glycidyl Esters in Domestically and Commercially Prepared Food in Singapore

  2023cites this paper
• Enzymatic hydrolysis for the removal of 3- monochloropropanediol esters in edible oils using Candida rugosa lipase in the presence of deep eutectic solvents and nanocellulose

  2023cites this paper
• Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends on 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-Diol Esters in Foods.

  2022cites this paper
• Dynamic changes of 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters contents as well as oil quality during repeated deep-frying

  2022cites this paper
• Critical Evaluation of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Anthropogenic Organic Contaminants in Edible Oils: An Overview of the Last Five Years

  2022influential citation
• TYPES OF CONTAMINANTS AND THEIR CONTENT IN VEGETABLE OILS

  2022cites this paper
• Application of MOFs and natural clays for removal of MCPD and GEs from edible oils

  2022cites this paper
• Methods, principles, challenges, and perspectives of determining chloropropanols and their esters

  2022cites this paper
• Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic indirect determination of total 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters in canned fish oil fraction.

  2022cites this paper
• EFFECT OF OXIDATION PRODUCTS AND OTHER PRECURSORS ON THE CONTENT OF 3-MCPD ESTERS AND GLYCIDOL ESTERS IN DEODORISED SUNFLOWER OIL

  2022cites this paper
• Evaluation of 3-MCPD content of commonly consumed food in Côte d'Ivoire using bimodal UV-Vis/electrochemistry technique

  2022cites this paper
• Occurrence, formation mechanism, detection methods, and removal approaches for chloropropanols and their esters in food: An updated systematic review

  2022cites this paper
• Automated methods for the determination of 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters in milk powder products by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and risk assessment

  2022cites this paper
• Automated sample preparation and analysis by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for the determination of 3- and 2-monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters and glycidol esters in edible oils.

  2021cites this paper
• Determination of 3-monochloropropanediol esters and glycidyl esters in fatty matrices by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

  2021cites this paper
• A summary of 2-, 3-MCPD esters and glycidyl ester occurrence during frying and baking processes

  2021cites this paper
• Diosgenin Protects Against Kidney Injury and Mitochondrial Apoptosis Induced by 3-MCPD Through the Regulation of ER Stress, Ca2+ Homeostasis and Bcl2 Expression.

  2021cites this paper
• Air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction of total 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol from refined edible oils based on a natural deep eutectic solvent and its determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

  2021cites this paper
• Simple and rapid detection of free 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol based on cysteine modified silver nanoparticles.

  2020cites this paper
• CVD grown carbon nanofibers: an efficient DSPE sorbent for cleanup of multi-class pesticide residue in high fat and low water commodities by QuEChERS using GC-ECD

  2020cites this paper
• Current progresses on MCPD esters in 2018-2019 and their future research trends.

  2020cites this paper
• Physical properties and cookie-making performance of oleogels prepared with crude and refined soybean oil: a comparative study.

  2020cites this paper
• Optimization and validation of in-situ derivatization and headspace solid-phase microextraction for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of 3-MCPD esters, 2-MCPD esters and glycidyl esters in edible oils via central composite design.

  2020cites this paper
• In-house validation of accelerated solvent extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of bound 3- and 2-monochloropropanediols (MCPD) and glycidol in food products

  2020cites this paper
• A Revisit to the Formation and Mitigation of 3-Chloropropane-1,2-Diol in Palm Oil Production

  2020cites this paper
• Dietary exposure of general Chinese population to fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane-1, 2-diol (3-MCPD) from edible oils and oil-containing foods

  2020cites this paper
• Analysis of free malondialdehyde in edible oils using gas-diffusion microextraction

  2019cites this paper
• Glycidols Esters, 2‐Chloropropane‐1,3‐Diols, and 3‐Chloropropane‐1,2‐Diols Contents in Real Olive Oil Samples and their Relation with Diacylglycerols

  2019cites this paper
• Palm Oil on the Edge

  2019cites this paper
• Comparison assessment between SIM and MRM mode in the analysis of 3-MCPD ester, 2-MCPD ester and glycidyl ester.

  2019cites this paper