Ebalance: A Stata Package for Entropy Balancing

The Stata package ebalance implements entropy balancing, a multivariate reweighting method described in Hainmueller (2012) that allows users to reweight a dataset such that the covariate distributions in the reweighted data satisfy a set of specied moment conditions. This can be useful to create balanced samples in observational studies with a binary treatment where the control group data can be reweighted to match the covariate moments in the treatment group. Entropy balancing can also be used to reweight a survey sample to known characteristics from a target population.

• Publication year

  2013

• Venue

  Journal of Statistical Software

• Publication date

  2013-09-01

• Fields of study

  Mathematics, Computer Science, Political Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.2139/SSRN.1943090
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• R: A language and environment for statistical computing.

  2014cited by this paper
• Causal Inference without Balance Checking: Coarsened Exact Matching

  2012cited by this paper
• Entropy Balancing for Causal Effects: A Multivariate Reweighting Method to Produce Balanced Samples in Observational Studies

  2012influential reference
• Bias-Corrected Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects

  2011cited by this paper
• Opiates for the Matches: Matching Methods for Causal Inference

  2009influential reference
• Matched Sampling for Causal Effects

  2008cited by this paper
• Matching as Nonparametric Preprocessing for Reducing Model Dependence in Parametric Causal Inference

  2007cited by this paper
• Estimation in Surveys with Nonresponse

  2007cited by this paper
• Bias Corrected Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Efiects

  2007cited by this paper
• Genetic Matching for Estimating Causal Effects: A General Multivariate Matching Method for Achieving Balance in Observational Studies

  2006cited by this paper
• Implementing Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects in Stata

  2004cited by this paper
• Efficient estimation of average treatment effects using the estimated propensity score

  2003cited by this paper
• PSMATCH2: Stata module to perform full Mahalanobis and propensity score matching, common support graphing, and covariate imbalance testing

  2003cited by this paper
• Estimation of Causal Effects using Propensity Score Weighting: An Application to Data on Right Heart Catheterization

  2001cited by this paper
• Analysis of semiparametric regression models for repeated outcomes in the presence of missing data

  1995cited by this paper
• Evaluating the Econometric Evaluations of Training Programs with Experimental Data

  1984cited by this paper
• The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects

  1983cited by this paper
• ENTROPY IN LINEAR PROGRAMS--AN APPROACH TO PLANNING

  1977cited by this paper
• Contingency tables with given marginals.

  1968cited by this paper
• On a Least Squares Adjustment of a Sampled Frequency Table When the Expected Marginal Totals are Known

  1940cited by this paper

• Takeover Vulnerability and the Discipline of ESG Overinvestment

  2026cites this paper
• Do Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (QFIIs) care about physical climate risk?

  2026cites this paper
• Participatory democracy in question: The case of “the sea in debate”

  2026cites this paper
• Public country-by-country reporting and corporate social responsibility: an analysis of European multinational banks

  2026cites this paper
• Parent-child mismatches in educational aspirations: Prevalence, stability, and convergence over time.

  2026cites this paper
• Mortgage affordability and mental healthcare use: Evidence from Finnish population registers.

  2026cites this paper
• Expecting the unexpected: Voluntary sensitivity risk disclosure and the cost of equity capital

  2026cites this paper
• Firm training, automation, and wages: International worker-level evidence

  2026cites this paper
• Management faultlines and the cost of bank loans

  2026cites this paper
• What makes hiring difficult? Evidence from linked survey-administrative data

  2026cites this paper
• Do data breach notification laws affect accounting conservatism?

  2026cites this paper
• Repay a Favor? Evidence from Co-opted Boards and Corporate Risk-Taking

  2026cites this paper
• Repaying the trust: social trust and the readability of form 10-K reports

  2026cites this paper
• Carbon pricing effects on renewables: Evidence from California's electricity market

  2026cites this paper
• Are women who marry eldest sons happier? Evidence from Japan

  2026cites this paper
• Political polarization and corporate political advocacy

  2026cites this paper
• Business Strategy and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Performance: Does a Firm’s Strategic Orientation Matter?

  2026cites this paper
• Quarterly relative performance reversals and earnings management – Evidence from India

  2026cites this paper
• Firm-level Nature Dependence and Carbon Pollution

  2025cites this paper
• Banks’ sustainable funding: does corporate governance matter?

  2025cites this paper
• Legal Liability and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence From a Quasi‐Natural Experiment

  2025cites this paper
• Skill is power: does the executive’s IT background affect the audit opinion?

  2025cites this paper
• Regulatory consulting and banks’ financial reporting quality: evidence from the Dodd-Frank Act

  2025cites this paper
• Renegotiation Costs and Debt Contract Design

  2025cites this paper
• Negative effects of delayed retirement: Employment protection of older workers and firm value

  2025cites this paper
• Does gender play a role in the adoption of sustainable intensification? Plot-level evidence from Senegal

  2025cites this paper
• IFRS 16 meets ESG: Lease accounting and sustainability

  2025cites this paper
• Are Publicly Funded Health Insurance Schemes Leading Towards Better Healthcare Utilization and Quality of Life? A Case Study from India

  2025influential citation
• The effect of information provision on popular support for gender-related legislation: Experimental evidence from South Dakota constitutional amendment proposal

  2025cites this paper
• Bank compliance audit outcomes and legal expertise: Have regulators got the wrong board expertise mix to mitigate unsafe and unsound practices?

  2025cites this paper
• The Unintended Consequences of Mandatory ESG Disclosure: Evidence from Global Loan Markets

  2025cites this paper
• Big data products and income inequality of e-commerce farmers: evidence from China

  2025cites this paper
• R&D Intensity, Renewable Energy Use, and Sustainability Governance Mechanisms: An International Investigation

  2025cites this paper
• Unclosed wound: effect of childhood access to healthcare on cardiovascular health trajectories of Chinese older adults based on entropy balancing analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Confucian culture and the choice of high-quality auditors

  2025cites this paper
• Appeasing Stockholders at the Expense of Stakeholders: Do Contingencies Matter?

  2025cites this paper
• From code to creativity: The impact of legal origins on innovation of private enterprises

  2025cites this paper
• A Text Message Outreach Intervention to Increase Health Insurance Enrollment for Self-Pay Patients.

  2025cites this paper
• More Than Money: Local Fiscal Choice and Student Achievement After Funding Reform

  2025cites this paper
• Externally appointed chief executive officer’s compensation, risk-taking behaviour, and the moderating role of CEO’s social capital: UK evidence

  2025cites this paper
• Examining the wage gap between public and non-public sector in China: Insights from a robust quantile selection model

  2025cites this paper
• Board risk committees and risk factor disclosures tone

  2025cites this paper
• Gender diversity in the boardroom: The role of female directors in mitigating stock price crash risk

  2025cites this paper
• Shifting outbound: the role of managerial ownership in cross-border tax strategies

  2025cites this paper
• Women on boards, ownership structure, and CEO compensation: evidence from an emerging economy

  2025cites this paper
• Corporate social responsibility disclosure quality and the agency problem: Evidence from a mandatory disclosure setting

  2025cites this paper
• Climate change, ethical accounting, and the Paris agreement: does financial statement divergence influence shareholder value?

  2025cites this paper
• CEO cultural heritage and corporate social responsibility

  2025cites this paper
• Longitudinal effects of interoceptive awareness training as an adjunct to medication treatment for opioid use disorder: A randomized clinical trial of Mindful Awareness in Body-oriented Therapy.

  2025cites this paper
• CEO‐Board Social Ties and Corporate Tax Avoidance

  2025cites this paper
• Tax Administration Quality and Foreign Investment in Developing Countries: Evidence from Participation in Tax Inspectors Without Borders

  2025cites this paper
• Corporate innovation in turbulent times: insights from textual analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Migrant Deaths at Borders and Immigration Attitudes: Evidence from the 2013 Lampedusa Shipwreck

  2025cites this paper
• Nutritious Partner: Association Between Educational Assortative Marriage and Healthy Eating in Chinese Older Adults

  2025cites this paper
• Symbolic or Substantive? How Shareholder Heterogeneity Shapes the Purpose of the Corporation

  2025cites this paper
• Impact of the Family Doctor Contracting System on unmet healthcare needs in Shandong Province, China

  2025cites this paper
• Demand for informal caregiving and human capital accumulation: Evidence from elderly deaths in Senegal.

  2025cites this paper
• The effect of West German television on smoking and health: A natural experiment from German reunification.

  2025cites this paper
• Environmental controversies and audit pricing: the impact of environmental performance, temporal orientation and stakeholder-oriented corporate governance

  2025cites this paper
• The Double-Edged Sword of Political Power in Chinese Merger and Acquisitions: CEOs, Boards, and Market Reactions

  2025cites this paper
• Regulation Through Revelation: The Effect of Pollution Monitoring on Labour Demand

  2025cites this paper
• Health Risk, Anxiety and Audit Quality: Evidence From Engagement Audit Partners

  2025cites this paper
• The political effects of communicative interventions during crises

  2025cites this paper
• The relative and joint effects of gunshot detection technology and video surveillance cameras on case clearance in Chicago

  2025cites this paper
• Tax Enforcement and R&D Credits

  2025cites this paper
• Impact of IFRS 16 on dividend payout: evidence from India

  2025cites this paper
• Institutional strength, polluting sectors and non-environmentalist tendency: a neo-institutional theory perspective

  2025cites this paper
• Exploring the Success of Regional Bank Mergers: Financial Versus Non-Financial Performance

  2025cites this paper
• Abnormal accrual estimation: an automation data analysis technique

  2025cites this paper
• The effectiveness of the green bond instrument on stimulating firms' green innovation performance: A comparative study based on Chinese market

  2025cites this paper
• Genetic Predictors of Cognitive Decline and Labor Market Exit 

  2025cites this paper
• Climate change, managerial ownership, and agency conflicts: insights from the Paris Agreement

  2025cites this paper
• Navigating the black box: board co-option and environmental innovation

  2025cites this paper
• The Impact of Digital–Green Synergy on Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

  2025cites this paper
• Economic costs of democratic backsliding: how does democratic backsliding affect sovereign bond ratings?

  2025cites this paper
• The role of remittances in clean energy adoption: New household level insights from West Africa

  2025cites this paper
• Do citizens respond to tax reforms during conflict? Experimental evidence from Ukraine

  2025cites this paper
• Do Generalist CEOs Undermine Financial Statement Comparability?

  2025cites this paper
• Board characteristics and aggressive CSR engagement: Do CSR committees provoke or restrain?

  2025cites this paper
• Registration system reform, information environment, and market manipulation

  2025cites this paper
• The entrepreneurship fountain of youth: Younger management ranks generate more entrepreneurs

  2025cites this paper
• Do companies realize operational benefits from engaging a competitor’s former auditor?

  2025cites this paper
• The economic effect of splitting a region in a centralized country: A case from Chile

  2025cites this paper
• Impacts of Fall Armyworm, Groundnut Rosette, and Soybean Rust Diseases on Smallholder Welfare and the Effectiveness of Control Strategies

  2025cites this paper
• Spanking and Children’s Approaches to Learning: Estimates from a Longitudinal Matched-Sample Design

  2025cites this paper
• Does the Informal Carer Identification Method Matter? Evidence from Self-Declaration and Time Diary Approaches

  2025cites this paper
• Silence of the CAMs: critical audit matters reporting and corporate financial misconduct

  2025cites this paper
• Rushed into adulthood: Child marriage and women's work-family life courses in Egypt.

  2025cites this paper
• Hospitalization and Credit Scores Among Medicaid Beneficiaries in Louisiana

  2025cites this paper
• Do female CEOs lead more ethical firms? ESG and corporate impact

  2025cites this paper
• Which institutions impose more sanctions? Formal vs. informal CEO non-duality institutions and stock price crash risk of CEO duality firms

  2025cites this paper
• The effects of government policies during the COVID-19 pandemic on earnings management

  2025cites this paper
• Corporate control and M&A activity: the role of the largest shareholder’s voting stake

  2025cites this paper
• Climate opportunity exposure and the cost of capital: evidence from emerging market firms

  2025cites this paper
• Closing the gender gap in global food insecurity: Socioeconomic determinants and economic gains in the aftermath of COVID-19

  2025cites this paper
• The departure dilemma: Directors’ last working year and firm performance—Do gender differences matter?

  2025cites this paper
• ESG controversies and external assurance: Examining their impact on firm value and image

  2025cites this paper
• Short timers and idle populations in overcrowded prisons

  2025cites this paper
• Associations of migrant and refugee status with physical comorbidity and mortality among young adults with incident non-affective psychotic disorders

  2025cites this paper
• Born to behave: Home CEOs and financial misconduct*

  2025cites this paper