Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in many developed and developing countries around the world. Cardiovascular end points (myocardial infarction, stroke or sudden death) are strictly connected with prevalence of classic cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, sedimentary lifestyle, obesity, atherosclerotic lipid pattern and arterial hypertension. Also, many ‘new’ factors have been identified, e.g. hyperhomocysteinemia, increased fraction of small, dense LDL or lipoprotein (a), increased C-reactive protein, increased apo-B/apo-A ratio or some enzymes’ increased activities (Skoczynska, 2006). However, traditional risk factors alone (nonmodifiable and modifiable alike) do not fully explain high incidence and mortality from these diseases. The effectiveness of different strategies concentrating on reducing known risk factors does not translate to a satisfactory reduction of incidence and mortality from myocardial infarction or stroke. It is essential to introduce strategies concerning ‘new’ risk-factors, as well as to identify those that remain unknown.
Low-Level Exposure to Lead as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor
Published 2012 in Unknown venue
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- Publication year
2012
- Venue
Unknown venue
- Publication date
2012-03-14
- Fields of study
Medicine, Environmental Science
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