Microglia and the Purinergic Signaling System.

Microglia are the main resident immune-competent cell type of the central nervous system (CNS); these cells are highly sensitive to subtle changes in the chemical environment of the brain. Microglia are activated during diverse conditions, such as apoptosis, trauma, inflammation, and infection. The specific activities of microglia result from the confluence of environmental stimuli and the cellular state. It is likely that several signaling systems with different biological functions operate in competition and/or synergy, thus regulating similar microglial behaviors. The purinergic system is one of the fundamental signaling systems that establish microglial behavior in a wide spectrum of conditions. Adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) belongs to the purinergic signaling system, which includes P2X, P2Y, and P1 receptors, as well as other proteins participating in ATP secretion and extracellular ATP degradation, and molecules that recognize purines as a ligand. In this review, we focus on the latest pre-clinical and basic purinergic system and microglial research, with particular attention to data collected in vivo and ex vivo. This chapter is divided into sections related to microglial ATP release, ATP degradation, and ATP-related actions mediated by P2X and P2Y receptor activation.

• Publication year

  2019

• Venue

  Neuroscience

• Publication date

  2019-05-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Chemistry

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.021PMID 30582977
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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