Reactivation of telomerase in cancer

Activation of telomerase is a critical step in the development of about 85 % of human cancers. Levels of Tert, which encodes the reverse transcriptase subunit of telomerase, are limiting in normal somatic cells. Tert is subjected to transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, but the precise mechanism of how telomerase is re-activated in cancer cells is poorly understood. Reactivation of the Tert promoter involves multiple changes which evolve during cancer progression including mutations and chromosomal re-arrangements. Newly described non-coding mutations in the Tert promoter region of many cancer cells (19 %) in two key positions, C250T and C228T, have added another layer of complexity to telomerase reactivation. These mutations create novel consensus sequences for transcription factors which can enhance Tert expression. In this review, we will discuss gene structure and function of Tert and provide insights into the mechanisms of Tert reactivation in cancers, highlighting the contribution of recently identified Tert promoter mutations.

• Publication year

  2016

• Venue

  Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

• Publication date

  2016-02-04

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1007/s00018-016-2146-9PMID 26846696PMCID 4805692
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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