The Arabidopsis Stem Cell Factor POLTERGEIST Is Membrane Localized and Phospholipid Stimulated[W][OA]

This work explores how the shoot and root stem cell promoting factors POLTERGEIST (POL) and PLL1 are regulated at the cellular level. Specifically, this study reveals that both of these protein phosphatase type 2C proteins are membrane localized via acylation and that phospholipid binding stimulates POL activity. Stem cell maintenance and differentiation are tightly regulated in multicellular organisms. In plants, proper control of the stem cell populations is critical for extensive postembryonic organogenesis. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein phosphatase type 2C proteins POLTERGEIST (POL) and PLL1 are essential for maintenance of both the root and shoot stem cells. Specifically, POL and PLL1 are required for proper specification of key asymmetric cell divisions during stem cell initiation and maintenance. POL and PLL1 are known to be integral components of the CLE/WOX signaling pathways, but the location and mechanisms by which POL and PLL1 are regulated within these pathways are unclear. Here, we show that POL and PLL1 are dual-acylated plasma membrane proteins whose membrane localization is required for proper function. Furthermore, this localization places POL and PLL1 in proximity of the upstream plasma membrane receptors that regulate their activity. Additionally, we find that POL and PLL1 directly bind to multiple lipids and that POL is catalytically activated by phosphatidylinositol (4) phosphate [PI(4)P] in vitro. Based on these results, we propose that the upstream receptors in the CLE/WOX signaling pathways may function to either limit PI(4)P availability or antagonize PI(4)P stimulation of POL/PLL1. Significantly, the findings presented here suggest that phospholipids play an important role in promoting stem cell specification.

• Publication year

  2010

• Venue

  The Plant Cell

• Publication date

  2010-03-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1105/tpc.109.068734PMID 20348433PMCID PMC2861466
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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