Southern Chile, trout and salmon country: invasion patterns and threats for native species

Para evaluar la distribucion y abundancia actual de salmonidos y peces nativos muestreamos 11 lagos grandes y 105 arroyos, cubriendo 13 cuencas principales en el sur de Chile desde 39° a 52°S. En general las truchas (Salmo trutta y Oncorhynchus mykiss) representaron mas de 60 % de la abundancia total de peces y mas de 80 % de la biomasa total, ademas 40 % de los arroyos muestreados no presentaron peces nativos. Los salmones traidos para acuicultura tales como O. kisutch, Salmo salar, y O. tshawytscha solo estuvieron presentes en lagos que tenian salmonicultura, aun cuando no parecen reproducirse exitosamente en los arroyos afluentes. Pusimos a prueba el efecto del origen de los arroyos (cordillera de los Andes, valle central o cordillera de la Costa) sobre la abundancia de las especies y encontramos que la trucha arco iris estuvo mas restringida a los arroyos preandinos con mayor descarga, mientras la trucha cafe se distribuyo ampliamente no respondiendo a otras caracteristicas o atributos especificos de las cuencas que se midieron. La abundancia relativa de peces nativos fue mayor en los lagos que en los arroyos, en tanto la mayor biodiversidad de peces nativos se encontro en arroyos del valle central. Las especies mas comunes fueron Galaxias maculatus, G. platei, Brachygalaxias bullocki, Aplochiton zebra y Basilichthys australis. Arroyos con mayor conductividad, mas areas de pozones, mas sedimentos finos y con bajas densidades de trucha cafe fueron mas adecuados para peces nativos. Es asi que cuencas con mayor disturbio antropogenico parecen ser refugio para los mismos. Dada la naturaleza descriptiva de nuestro estudio solo podemos presumir los efectos negativos de truchas y salmones sobre los peces nativos, efecto que debiera estar sobreimpuesto a los condicionantes biogeograficos de la distribucion actual. Aun asi, basado en las presentes distribuciones de salmonidos y peces nativos, los efectos negativos son muy probables. La conservacion de la biodiversidad de peces nativos plenamente expuestos a perturbaciones humanas en el valle central, lejos de areas protegidas y parques nacionales, presenta un gran desafio. Proponemos incentivar la conservacion ejerciendo una mayor presion de pesca deportiva sobre las truchas en esos ambientes

• Publication year

  2006

• Venue

  Revista Chilena de Historia Natural

• Publication date

  2006-03-01

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.4067/S0716-078X2006000100009
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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