Leprosis is a serious disease of citrus caused by Citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C, genus Cilevirus) whose transmission is mediated by false spider mites of the genus Brevipalpus. CiLV-C infection does not systemically spread in any of its known host plants, thus remaining restricted to local lesions around the feeding sites of viruliferous mites. To get insight into this unusual pathosystem, we evaluated the expression profiles of genes involved in defense mechanisms of Arabidopsis thaliana and Citrus sinensis upon infestation with non-viruliferous and viruliferous mites by using reverse-transcription qPCR. These results were analyzed together with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the appearance of dead cells as assessed by histochemical assays. After interaction with non-viruliferous mites, plants locally accumulated ROS and triggered the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate/ethylene (JA/ET) pathways. ERF branch of the JA/ET pathways was highly activated. In contrast, JA pathway genes were markedly suppressed upon the CiLV-C infection mediated by viruliferous mites. Viral infection also intensified the ROS burst and cell death, and enhanced the expression of genes involved in the RNA silencing mechanism and SA pathway. After 13 days of infestation of two sets of Arabidopsis plants with non-viruliferous and viruliferous mites, the number of mites in the CiLV-C infected Arabidopsis plants was significantly higher than in those infested with the non-viruliferous ones. Oviposition of the viruliferous mites occurred preferentially in the CiLV-C infected leaves. Based on these results, we postulated the first model of plant/Brevipalpus mite/cilevirus interaction in which cells surrounding the feeding sites of viruliferous mites typify the outcome of a hypersensitive-like response, whereas viral infection induces changes in the behavior of its vector.
Citrus leprosis virus C Infection Results in Hypersensitive-Like Response, Suppression of the JA/ET Plant Defense Pathway and Promotion of the Colonization of Its Mite Vector
G. Arena,P. L. Ramos-González,M. A. Nunes,Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves,L. Camargo,E. Kitajima,M. A. Machado,J. Freitas-Astúa
Published 2016 in Frontiers in Plant Science
ABSTRACT
PUBLICATION RECORD
- Publication year
2016
- Venue
Frontiers in Plant Science
- Publication date
2016-11-25
- Fields of study
Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science
- Identifiers
- External record
- Source metadata
Semantic Scholar, PubMed
CITATION MAP
EXTRACTION MAP
CLAIMS
CONCEPTS
- arabidopsis thaliana
A model plant host used for mite infestation and defense-gene expression assays.
Aliases: Arabidopsis
- brevipalpus mite
A genus of false spider mites used as the transmission vector in the infestation assays.
Aliases: false spider mite, Brevipalpus
- cell death
Dead-cell formation in plant tissue assessed histochemically around feeding sites.
Aliases: dead cells
- citrus leprosis virus c
A citrus-infecting cilevirus used as the viral factor in the infestation experiments.
Aliases: CiLV-C
- citrus sinensis
A citrus host plant used alongside Arabidopsis in the defense-response measurements.
Aliases: sweet orange
- hypersensitive-like response
A localized cell-death-associated defense phenotype around feeding sites considered in the proposed interaction model.
Aliases: hypersensitive response-like response, HR-like response
- jasmonate/ethylene (ja/et) plant defense pathway
A hormone-mediated defense signaling branch quantified in the host plants after mite infestation.
Aliases: JA/ET pathway, jasmonate/ethylene pathway, JA/ET
- reactive oxygen species
Oxidative molecules measured in plant tissue as part of the defense-response assays.
Aliases: ROS
- rna silencing mechanism
A host antiviral gene-silencing system whose associated genes were profiled after infection.
Aliases: RNA silencing
- salicylic acid pathway
A plant hormone signaling pathway monitored by qPCR as part of the defense response.
Aliases: SA pathway, salicylic acid (SA) pathway
REFERENCES
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