SecTrust-RPL: A secure trust-aware RPL routing protocol for Internet of Things

Abstract The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), the de facto routing protocol for Internet of Things (IoT) offers little protection against various forms of routing attacks. An attacker can exploit the routing system of RPL to launch destructive and devastating attacks against an IoT network. Popular among these IoT attacks are Rank and Sybil attacks. To secure IoT networks from routing attacks, a time-based trust-aware RPL routing protocol (SecTrust-RPL) is proposed and implemented. The Secure Trust (SecTrust) trust system is embedded into the RPL routing protocol to provide protection against Rank and Sybil attacks. SecTrust-RPL uses a trust-based mechanism to detect and isolate attacks while optimizing network performance. The performance of SecTrust-RPL is compared with the standard RPL protocol. SecTrust-RPL protocol demonstrates its superior performance over the standard RPL protocol in the detection and isolation of Rank and Sybil attacks. The effectiveness and resilience of SecTrust-RPL is demonstrated through extensive simulation studies and testbed experiments. Based on SecTrust-RPL, we show as a proof-of-concept the viability of using trust as an effective security system for mitigating attacks in IoT networks.

• Publication year

  2019

• Venue

  Future generations computer systems

• Publication date

  2019-04-01

• Fields of study

  Computer Science, Engineering

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/J.FUTURE.2018.03.021
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• A Sybil attack detection scheme for a forest wildfire monitoring application

  2018cited by this paper
• Major requirements for building Smart Homes in Smart Cities based on Internet of Things technologies

  2017cited by this paper
• Secure routing for internet of things: A survey

  2016cited by this paper
• Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocol (RPL) for Internet of Things

  2016cited by this paper
• A Specification-Based IDS for Detecting Attacks on RPL-Based Network Topology

  2016cited by this paper
• Real Time Intrusion and Wormhole Attack Detection in Internet of Things

  2015cited by this paper
• Trust management system in wireless sensor networks: design considerations and research challenges

  2015cited by this paper
• A Security Threat Analysis for the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPLs)

  2015cited by this paper
• WSN- and IOT-Based Smart Homes and Their Extension to Smart Buildings

  2015cited by this paper
• Event Processing in Wireless Sensor Networks

  2015cited by this paper
• A survey on trust management for Internet of Things

  2014cited by this paper
• A Study of RPL DODAG Version Attacks

  2014cited by this paper
• The Internet of Things: 20th Tyrrhenian Workshop on Digital Communications

  2014cited by this paper
• Routing Attacks and Countermeasures in the RPL-Based Internet of Things

  2013cited by this paper
• The Impact of Rank Attack on Network Topology of Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks

  2013cited by this paper
• A Routing Protocol Based on Energy and Link Quality for Internet of Things Applications

  2013cited by this paper
• Internet of things: Vision, applications and research challenges

  2012cited by this paper
• RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks

  2012cited by this paper
• Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions

  2012cited by this paper
• From MANET To IETF ROLL Standardization: A Paradigm Shift in WSN Routing Protocols

  2011cited by this paper
• A trust model based on fuzzy recommendation for mobile ad-hoc networks

  2009cited by this paper
• Group-Based Trust Management Scheme for Clustered Wireless Sensor Networks

  2009cited by this paper
• The handbook of ad hoc wireless networks

  2003cited by this paper
• Restating the Foundation of Information Security

  1991cited by this paper

• A spatio-temporal graph learning framework with attention mechanism for secure RPL in mobile IoT

  2026cites this paper
• A literature review on sinkhole attack detection for Internet of Things

  2026cites this paper
• DeMiRaR-6T: A new defense method for detecting and mitigating rank attacks in RPL-based 6TiSCH networks

  2025cites this paper
• Reliable-RPL: A Reliability-Aware RPL Protocol Using Trust-Based Blockchain System for Internet of Things

  2025cites this paper
• Routing Protocols Performance on 6LoWPAN IoT Networks

  2025cites this paper
• Optimized Auto Separate Federated Graph Neural With Enhanced Well‐Known Signature Trust‐Based Routing Attacks Detection in Internet of Things

  2025cites this paper
• Possibilities of a Novel DIO Duplication Attack in Multi-Instance RPL Networks: An Empirical Study

  2025cites this paper
• TARRP: Trust Aware RPL Routing Protocol for IoT

  2025cites this paper
• Secure routing in RPL-based IoT networks considering behavioral trust and energy requirements

  2025influential citation
• Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Mitigating Network Congestion in IoT Systems

  2025cites this paper
• A Secured Swarm Intelligence-based Path Selection framework for Malicious Low-power and Lossy Networks under RPL protocol

  2025cites this paper
• IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks Security Vulnerabilities and Mitigation Techniques: A Survey

  2025cites this paper
• QAT-LOADng: QoS aware trusted lightweight on-demand adhoc distance-vector routing-next generation

  2025cites this paper
• Efficient Routing for Internet of things to Reduce Energy Consumption in the Network

  2025cites this paper
• MSecTrust: A Mobility-Aware Secure Trust-Based Routing Protocol for RPL Based Internet of Things

  2025cites this paper
• Sec-RankBBA: Secure Rank Attack Detection in RPL Using LightGBM and Dempster-Shafer Theory

  2025cites this paper
• An efficient Genetic algorithm-based defensive method to mitigate multiple attacks in RPL-enabled IoT network

  2025cites this paper
• Implementation of Rank Attack and Its Mitigation in RPL-Based IoT Networks

  2025cites this paper
• Isolating malicious nodes in the Internet of Things through a Trust-Based Mechanism

  2025cites this paper
• Security-aware RPL: Designing a novel objective function for risk-based routing with rank evaluation

  2025cites this paper
• Advanced network security with an integrated trust-based intrusion detection system for routing protocol

  2025cites this paper
• Optimized rank-based key management for energy-efficient routing in wireless sensor networks for IoT applications

  2025cites this paper
• A Resilient Framework for Industry 5.0 WSNs: Enhancing Network Lifetime via a Lightweight Reputation Ledger and Hybrid AI

  2025cites this paper
• A DEEP LEARNING APPROACH FOR TRUST-AWARE AND FAULT-TOLERANT SECURE ROUTING IN IOT USING MC-GRU AND GREYSTAR GOOSE OPTIMIZATION

  2025cites this paper
• Context-Aware Trust Prediction for Optimal Routing in Opportunistic IoT Systems

  2025cites this paper
• Lightrpl-Ids: A Lightweight Machine Learning-Based Intrusion Detection Framework for RPL-Enabled IoT Networks

  2025cites this paper
• Light-Weight Hash Based Rank Attacks Detection in RPL Based Iot Networks

  2025cites this paper
• SoK: Credential-Based Trust Management in Decentralized Ledger Systems

  2025cites this paper
• Impact assessment of sinkhole attack in IoT networks: a mathematical modeling approach

  2025cites this paper
• A new adaptive neuro-fuzzy trust-based routing for dynamic IoT networks

  2025influential citation
• A Novel Deep Learning with Optimization for Energy Prediction and Fractional Wave Elk Herd Optimization for Routing in Internet of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

  2025cites this paper
• A comprehensive survey on RPL routing-based attacks, defences and future directions in Internet of Things

  2025cites this paper
• A Hybrid Graph-Based Risk Assessment and Attack Path Detection Model for IoT Systems

  2025cites this paper
• An efficient and reliable mechanism for Wormhole detection in RPL based IoT networks

  2025cites this paper
• NAPLAM: a novel ledger-based algorithm for detection and mitigation of sinkhole attacks in routing protocol for low power and lossy networks-based Internet of things

  2025cites this paper
• HaKAN-6T: Hybrid algorithm for DIS attack detection and mitigation using CoJP in RPL-based 6TiSCH networks

  2025cites this paper
• A Trust Based Anomaly Detection Scheme Using a Hybrid Deep Learning Model for IoT Routing Attacks Mitigation

  2024cites this paper
• LETM-IoT: A lightweight and efficient trust mechanism for Sybil attacks in Internet of Things networks

  2024cites this paper
• Detecting selective forwarding attacks on cloud

  2024cites this paper
• A Detailed Review on Enhancing the Security in Internet of Things-Based Smart City Environment Using Machine Learning Algorithms

  2024cites this paper
• An efficient secure and energy resilient trust-based system for detection and mitigation of sybil attack detection (SAN)

  2024cites this paper
• Hybrid Encryption Model for Secured Three-Phase Authentication Protocol in IoT

  2024cites this paper
• Machine Learning-Assisted Intrusion Detection for Enhancing Internet of Things Security

  2024cites this paper
• Performance evaluation of rank attack impact on routing protocol in low-power and lossy networks

  2024cites this paper
• Tangent sine search optimization enabled energy prediction and SWIPT‐based power transfer for energy‐aware communication in WSN

  2024cites this paper
• A Comprehensive Survey on Applications, Security Concerns, Attack Mitigation and Secure Routing in IoT

  2024cites this paper
• Toward RPL Attacks and Mitigation Taxonomy: Systematic Literature Review Approach

  2024cites this paper
• Enhancing Security in LLNs Using a Hybrid Trust-Based Intrusion Detection System for RPL

  2024cites this paper
• Secure Communication over IoT Networks using Mutual Authentication

  2024cites this paper
• TurboBlom: A light and resilient key predistribution scheme with application to Internet of Things

  2024cites this paper
• A Systematic Survey of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models Used in Industrial Internet of Things Security

  2024cites this paper
• A Survey on Routing Solutions for Low-Power and Lossy Networks: Toward a Reliable Path-Finding Approach

  2024cites this paper
• K-Means Clustering-Based Trust (KmeansT) Evaluation Mechanism for Detecting Blackhole Attacks in IoT Environment

  2024cites this paper
• SPRINKLER: A Multi-RPL Man-in-the-Middle Identification Scheme in IoT Networks

  2024cites this paper
• Trust Based Cooperative Secure Routing Protocols for Internet of Things (IoT)

  2024cites this paper
• EHKP-Res: An explainable dynamic security solution for medical healthcare

  2024cites this paper
• MCTE-RPL: A multi-context trust-based efficient RPL for IoT

  2024cites this paper
• Cooperative-centrality enabled investigations on edge-based trustworthy framework for cloud focused internet of things

  2024cites this paper
• Optimal shortest path selection using an evolutionary algorithm in wireless sensor networks

  2024cites this paper
• Towards Ensemble Feature Selection for Lightweight Intrusion Detection in Resource-Constrained IoT Devices

  2024cites this paper
• DEVS-RPL: Design Formal Discrete Event Model of Routing Protocol over LLN

  2024cites this paper
• Securing RPL-Based Networks Against Version Number and Rank Attacks

  2024cites this paper
• A systematic literature review on attacks defense mechanisms in RPL-based 6LoWPAN of Internet of Things

  2023cites this paper
• Security Model to Mitigate Black Hole Attack on Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT) Using Trust and K-Means Clustering Algorithm

  2023cites this paper
• Performance Evaluation of RPL Protocol Under Decreased and Increased Rank Attacks: A Focus on Smart Home Use-Case

  2023cites this paper
• Edge Computing and Sensor-Cloud: Overview, Solutions, and Directions

  2023cites this paper
• CVFP: Energy and trust aware data routing protocol based on Competitive Verse Flower Pollination algorithm in IoT

  2023cites this paper
• Exponential-sunflower optimization and deep convolution neural network for secure routing and prediction in internet of things

  2023influential citation
• Energy-Efficient Trust and Quarantine-Based Secure Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks

  2023cites this paper
• Efficient Secure Routing Mechanisms for the Low-Powered IoT Network: A Literature Review

  2023cites this paper
• Security Challenges of Selective Forwarding Attack and Design a Secure ECDH-Based Authentication Protocol to Improve RPL Security

  2023cites this paper
• MHSEER: A Meta-Heuristic Secure and Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network-Based Industrial IoT

  2023cites this paper
• A Comprehensive Review on Energy Balancing and Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

  2023cites this paper
• RPL Point-to-Point Communication Paths: Analysis and Enhancement

  2023cites this paper
• Mitigating Denial of Service Attacks in RPL-Based IoT Environments: Trust-Based Approach

  2023cites this paper
• Improving the Routing Protocol in the Internet of Things by Rule Extraction on Simulation Data

  2023cites this paper
• A Lightweight Mitigation Approach for Addressing DDAO Attacks in RPL-based Internet of Things

  2023cites this paper
• A comprehensive analysis of IoT security towards providing a cost-effective solution: a layered approach

  2023cites this paper
• A Secure RPL Rank Computation and Distribution Mechanism for Preventing Sinkhole Attack in IoT-based Systems

  2023influential citation
• Securing smart home against sinkhole attack using weight-based IDS placement strategy

  2023cites this paper
• A Subjective Logical Framework-Based Trust Model for Wormhole Attack Detection and Mitigation in Low-Power and Lossy (RPL) IoT-Networks

  2023cites this paper
• Intensive Review on Hybrid Combination of WSN and IoT and its Impact

  2023cites this paper
• A Study on the Efficiency of Intrusion Detection Systems in IoT Networks

  2023cites this paper
• A Novel Energy-Efficient Scheme for RPL Attacker Identification in IoT Networks Using Discrete Event Modeling

  2023influential citation
• Securing IoT Devices Against Emerging Security Threats: Challenges and Mitigation Techniques

  2023cites this paper
• Secure trust aware multi-objective routing protocol based on battle competitive swarm optimization in IoT

  2023influential citation
• Simultaneous wireless information and power transmission‐based power transfer and energy prediction for efficient communication with golden Taylor sea lion optimization in wireless sensor network

  2023cites this paper
• Implementation of Genetic Algorithm for Detecting and Eliminating Blackhole Attack in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network

  2023cites this paper
• Security concerns over IoT routing using emerging technologies: A review

  2023cites this paper
• IMDRPL: Identifying and eliminating malicious devices using DIO and DAO ICMP control messages in RPL-based protocol

  2023cites this paper
• A comprehensive review of energy efficient routing protocols for query driven wireless sensor networks

  2023cites this paper
• A systematic literature review on wireless security testbeds in the cyber-physical realm

  2023influential citation
• Security-based MetaHeuristic Energy Efficient Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks

  2023cites this paper
• A Trust and Energy based Routing using Gorilla Troops Optimization in RPL Networks

  2023cites this paper
• GITM: A GINI Index-Based Trust Mechanism to Mitigate and Isolate Sybil Attack in RPL-Enabled Smart Grid Advanced Metering Infrastructures

  2023cites this paper
• IOT Security and Machine Learning Algorithms: Survey and Analysis

  2023influential citation
• CRA-RPL: A Novel Lightweight challenge-Response authentication-based technique for securing RPL against dropped DAO attacks

  2023cites this paper
• Forwarding Neighbor Based Sink Reputed Trust Based Intrusion Detection System to Mitigate Selective Forwarding Attack in RPL for IoT Networks

  2023cites this paper
• Selective forwarding attack detection and network recovery mechanism based on cloud-edge cooperation in software-defined wireless sensor network

  2022cites this paper
• MONITORING OF LINK-LEVEL CONGESTION IN TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS USING INFORMATION CRITERIA

  2022cites this paper