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Hypercomplex Liquid Crystals

Z. Dogic,Prerna Sharma,M. Zakhary

Published 2014 in Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics

ABSTRACT

Hypercomplex fluids are amalgamations of polymers, colloids, or amphiphilic molecules that exhibit emergent properties not ob- served in elemental systems alone. Especially promising building- blocks for assembly of hypercomplex materials are molecules with anisotropic shape. Alone, these molecules form numerous liquid crystalline phases with symmetries and properties that are funda- mentally different from those of conventional liquids or solids. When combined with other complex fluids, liquid crystals form materials with diverse emergent properties. In equilibrium, the interactions, dimensions, and shapes of these hypercomplex materi- als can be precisely controlled. When driven far from equilibrium, these materials can deform and even spontaneously flow in the ab- sence of external forces. Here we describe recent experimental accomplishments in this rapidly developing research area. We em- phasize how the common theme underlying these diverse efforts is their reliance on the basic physics ofmolecular liquid crystals devel- oped in the 1970s.

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