Growth factors and transplant vascular disease

Summary The cause of chronic rejection is clearly multifactorial and relates to both immunologic and nonimmunologic factors. Most likely, the final effector molecules are the growth factors expressed, in response to immune injury, by endothelial and vascular SMCs. Many of the known growth factors may interact in this process. Several studies show a significant role of IGF-I, PDGF-BB, TGF-β, aFGF, bFGF, EGF, and VEGF, concomitantly with the induction of intimal SMC proliferation and intimal thickening. Our results suggest that the IGF-I ligand and receptor genes are rate limiting in smooth muscle proliferation in the development of transplant arteriosclerosis. Blocking growth factor ligands or receptors could be effective strategies for the prevention or treatment of transplant arteriosclerosis. We consistently find chronic estradiol treatment of transplant recipients to inhibit arteriosclerosis by attenuating both IGF-I expression and immune response, particularly MHC class II expression. Thus an estrogen with minimal feminizing properties like Raloxifen (Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN) may be an ideal drug for prevention of one of the major causes of loss of transplant function.

• Publication year

  1998

• Venue

  Transplantation Reviews

• Publication date

  1998-04-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/S0955-470X(98)80034-7
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Estradiol inhibits allograft-inducible major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression and transplant arteriosclerosis in the absence of immunosuppression.

  1998cited by this paper
• Acceleration of arteriosclerosis of the rat aorta allograft by insulin growth factor-I.

  1997cited by this paper
• HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in organ transplantation.

  1997cited by this paper
• Interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 attenuate established crescentic glomerulonephritis in mice.

  1997cited by this paper
• Comparison of the Ligand Binding Specificity and Transcript Tissue Distribution of Estrogen Receptors a and b

  1997cited by this paper
• Specific effects of estrogen on growth factor and major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression in rat aortic allograft.

  1997cited by this paper
• Irreversible chronic vascular rejection occurs only after development of advanced allograft vasculopathy: a comparative study of a rat cardiac allograft model using a retransplantation protocol.

  1997cited by this paper
• Sex hormones and the thymus in relation to thymocyte proliferation and maturation.

  1997cited by this paper
• Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: a review.

  1997cited by this paper
• Estrogen effects on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-induced cell proliferation and IGF-I expression in native and allograft vessels.

  1997cited by this paper
• The somatogenic hormones and insulin-like growth factor-1: stimulators of lymphopoiesis and immune function.

  1997cited by this paper
• Serum free IGF-I during a hyperinsulinemic clamp following 3 days of administration of IGF-I vs. saline.

  1997cited by this paper
• Expression and localization of platelet-derived growth factor ligand and receptor protein during acute and chronic rejection of rat cardiac allografts.

  1997cited by this paper
• A non-mitogenic form of acidic fibroblast growth factor reduces neutrophil infiltration in rat ischemic reperfused heart.

  1997cited by this paper
• Pancreas and Islet Transplantation: Current Progresses, Problems and Perspectives

  1997cited by this paper
• Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor by platelet-activating factor and platelet-derived growth factor is downregulated by corticosteroids.

  1997cited by this paper
• Cellular localization and sex steroid regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein messenger ribonucleic acids in the primate myometrium.

  1996cited by this paper
• Apoptosis of cardiac myocytes during cardiac allograft rejection. Relation to induction of nitric oxide synthase.

  1996cited by this paper
• A prospective trial of tacrolimus (FK 506) in clinical heart transplantation: intermediate-term results.

  1996cited by this paper
• IGF-I increases bFGF-induced mitogenesis and upregulates FGFR-1 in rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells.

  1996cited by this paper
• Lanreotide reduces serum free and total insulin-like growth factor-I after angioplasty.

  1996cited by this paper
• Lung transplant rejection: obliterative bronchiolitis.

  1996cited by this paper
• Proliferation, migration, matrix turnover, and death of smooth muscle cells in native coronary and vein graft atherosclerosis.

  1996cited by this paper
• Des(1-3)IGF-I: a truncated form of insulin-like growth factor-I.

  1996cited by this paper
• Angiopeptin--an immunological review.

  1996cited by this paper
• Immunosuppressants: cellular and molecular mechanisms of action.

  1996cited by this paper
• Chronic allograft arteriosclerosis: contributing factors and molecular mechanisms in the light of experimental studies.

  1996cited by this paper
• Control of major histocompatibility complex class II expression on human monocytes by interleukin‐4: regulatory effect of lipopolysaccharide

  1996cited by this paper
• Triple drug immunosuppression significantly reduces aortic allograft arteriosclerosis in the rat.

  1996cited by this paper
• Human transplant coronary artery disease: pathological evidence for Fas-mediated apoptotic cytotoxicity in allograft arteriopathy.

  1996cited by this paper
• Inhibition of transplant coronary arteriosclerosis in rabbits by chronic estradiol treatment is associated with abolition of MHC class II antigen expression.

  1996cited by this paper
• Early development of accelerated graft coronary artery disease: risk factors and course.

  1996cited by this paper
• IL-6 is an in vitro and in vivo autocrine growth factor for middle T antigen-transformed endothelial cells.

  1996cited by this paper
• Inhibition of Growth Factor-induced Protein Synthesis by a Selective MEK Inhibitor in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells*

  1996cited by this paper
• Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors.

  1996cited by this paper
• Rapamycin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration.

  1996cited by this paper
• Intimal Thickening Develops Without Humoral Immunity in a Mouse Aortic Allograft Model of Chronic Vascular Rejection

  1996cited by this paper
• Effects of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone on growth-factor-induced proliferation and migration in human female aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro.

  1996cited by this paper
• CD28-B7 T cell costimulatory blockade by CTLA4Ig in the rat renal allograft model: inhibition of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in vivo.

  1996cited by this paper
• Molecular mechanisms of chronic renal allograft rejection.

  1995cited by this paper
• Upregulation and modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat cardiac allografts with chronic rejection and transplant arteriosclerosis.

  1995cited by this paper
• Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in renal vascular disease and renal allografts

  1995cited by this paper
• Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptors by Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides. EFFECTS ON CELL GROWTH AND EVIDENCE THAT SENSE TARGETING AT THE ATG SITE INCREASES RECEPTOR EXPRESSION (*)

  1995cited by this paper
• Multiple growth factors are released from mechanically injured vascular smooth muscle cells.

  1995cited by this paper
• Coronary artery disease in cardiac allografts: association with arteriolar endothelial HLA-DR and ICAM-1 antigens.

  1995cited by this paper
• Transplant arterial vasculopathy: evidence for a dual pattern of endothelial injury and the source of smooth muscle cells in lesions of intimal hyperplasia.

  1995cited by this paper
• Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I: a suggested role in renal transplantation and graft vessel disease.

  1995cited by this paper
• Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is induced on vascular endothelia and medial smooth muscle cells in experimental cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

  1995cited by this paper
• Estrogen modulates the inducible expression of platelet-derived growth factor mRNA by monocyte/macrophages.

  1995cited by this paper
• Cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Association with cell-mediated but not humoral alloimmunity to donor-specific vascular endothelium.

  1995cited by this paper
• Effects of RS61443 on functional and morphological changes in chronically rejecting rat kidney allografts.

  1995cited by this paper
• Treatment with rapamycin and mycophenolic acid reduces arterial intimal thickening produced by mechanical injury and allows endothelial replacement.

  1995cited by this paper
• Molecular defects in the bare lymphocyte syndrome and regulation of MHC class II genes.

  1995cited by this paper
• Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in transplanted human hearts.

  1995cited by this paper
• Role of lipids in allograft vascular disease: a multicenter study of intimal thickening detected by intravascular ultrasound.

  1995cited by this paper
• Expression of adhesion molecules and their ligands in acute rejection of human kidney allografts.

  1995cited by this paper
• Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: the central pathogenetic role of ischemia-induced endothelial cell injury.

  1995cited by this paper
• Basic fibroblast growth factor is a signal for the initiation of centrosome redistribution to the front of migrating endothelial cells at the edge of an in vitro wound.

  1995cited by this paper
• Can intracoronary ultrasound correctly assess the luminal dimensions of coronary artery lesions? A comparison with quantitative angiography.

  1995cited by this paper
• Randomized double-blind Scandinavian trial of angiopeptin versus placebo for the prevention of clinical events and restenosis after coronary balloon angioplasty.

  1995cited by this paper
• Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, RS-61443) inhibits inflammation and smooth muscle cell proliferation in rat aortic allografts.

  1995cited by this paper
• Long-term Effects of Angiopeptin Treatment in Coronary Angioplasty Reduction of Clinical Events but Not Angiographic Restenosis

  1995cited by this paper
• Angiopeptin: experimental and clinical studies of inhibition of myointimal proliferation.

  1995cited by this paper
• Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Inhibit Multiple Steps of the Cell Cycle of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

  1995cited by this paper
• Corticosteroid agents inhibit proliferation of smooth muscle cells from human atherosclerotic arteries in vitro.

  1994cited by this paper
• Growth factor persistence after vessel wall injury in a rabbit angioplasty model.

  1994cited by this paper
• Coronary vasculopathy following cardiac transplantation and cyclosporine immunosuppression: preventive treatment with angiopeptin, a somatostatin analog.

  1994cited by this paper
• Dose-dependent stimulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 by lanreotide, a somatostatin analog.

  1994cited by this paper
• Synthetic fibronectin peptides interrupt inflammatory cell infiltration in transforming growth factor beta 1 knockout mice.

  1994cited by this paper
• Subtype selectivity of peptide analogs for all five cloned human somatostatin receptors (hsstr 1-5).

  1994cited by this paper
• Cardiac allograft vasculopathy assessed by intravascular ultrasonography and nonimmunologic risk factors.

  1994cited by this paper
• Potential role of human cytomegalovirus and p53 interaction in coronary restenosis.

  1994cited by this paper
• Renal tissue expression of EGF and EGF receptor after ischaemic tubular injury: an immunohistochemical study.

  1994cited by this paper
• TGF-beta promotes proliferation of cultured SMC via both PDGF-AA-dependent and PDGF-AA-independent mechanisms.

  1994cited by this paper
• Coronary atherosclerosis in transplanted mouse hearts. I. Time course and immunogenetic and immunopathological considerations.

  1994cited by this paper
• Coronary atherosclerosis in transplanted mouse hearts. III. Effects of recipient treatment with a monoclonal antibody to interferon-gamma.

  1994cited by this paper
• Lanreotide, a somatostatin analogue, reduces insulin-like growth factor I accumulation in proliferating aortic tissue in rabbits in vivo. A preliminary study.

  1994cited by this paper
• Hyperlipidemia accelerates allograft arteriosclerosis (chronic rejection) in the rat.

  1994cited by this paper
• Induction of Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Full‐Length Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor Expression in Human Cardiac Allografts: Analysis by PCR, In Situ Hybridization, and Immunohistochemistiy

  1994cited by this paper
• Metabolic risk factors for atherosclerosis in heart transplant recipients.

  1994cited by this paper
• Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors inhibit chemotaxis of vascular smooth muscle cells.

  1994cited by this paper
• Growth regulation in primary culture of rabbit arterial smooth muscle cells by platelet-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-I, and epidermal growth factor.

  1994cited by this paper
• In vivo blockade of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cholesterol-fed rabbits after cardiac transplant inhibits acute coronary artery neointimal formation.

  1994cited by this paper
• Chronic allograft rejection: an update.

  1994cited by this paper
• Estradiol inhibition of arterial neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury.

  1994cited by this paper
• Localization of insulin-like growth factor I and inhibition of coronary smooth muscle cell growth by somatostatin analogues in human coronary smooth muscle cells. A potential treatment for restenosis?

  1994cited by this paper
• Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) controls expression of major histocompatibility genes in the postnatal mouse: aberrant histocompatibility antigen expression in the pathogenesis of the TGF-beta 1 null mouse phenotype.

  1993cited by this paper
• Risk factors for chronic rejection in renal allograft recipients.

  1993cited by this paper
• Simvastatin decreases accelerated graft vessel disease after heart transplantation in an animal model.

  1993cited by this paper
• Diagnostic criteria for chronic rejection/accelerated graft atherosclerosis in heart and kidney transplants: joint proposal from the Fourth Alexis Carrel Conference on Chronic Rejection and Accelerated Arteriosclerosis in Transplanted Organs.

  1993cited by this paper
• Chronic rejection in rat aortic allograft: mechanism of angiopeptin (BIM 23014C) inhibition on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in chronic rejection.

  1993cited by this paper
• Direct and endothelial cell-mediated effect of cyclosporin A on the proliferation of rat smooth muscle cells in vitro.

  1993cited by this paper
• The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s

  1993cited by this paper
• Angiopeptin enhances acetylcholine-induced relaxation and inhibits intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury.

  1993cited by this paper
• Insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulation of lymphopoiesis.

  1993cited by this paper
• The impact of FK506 on graft coronary disease of rat cardiac allograft--a comparison with cyclosporine.

  1992cited by this paper
• Transplant coronary disease: nonimmunologic risk factors.

  1992cited by this paper
• Immunopathology of coronary arteriosclerosis in transplanted hearts.

  1992cited by this paper
• Sequences and factors: a guide to MHC class-II transcription.

  1992cited by this paper
• Cardiac events after heart transplantation: incidence and predictive value of coronary arteriography.

  1992cited by this paper

• cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms Estrogen-induced cardiorenal protection: potential

  2016cites this paper
• review Estrogen-induced cardiorenal protection: potential cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms

  2001cites this paper
• Estrogen-induced cardiorenal protection: potential cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms.

  2001cites this paper
• Effects of estrogen on nitric oxide synthase expression in rat aorta allograft and smooth muscle cells.

  1999cites this paper
• Inhibitory effect of triptolide on platelet derived growth factor-A and coronary arteriosclerosis after heart transplantation.

  1999cites this paper
• Estradiol effects on nitric oxide synthase expression in the rat aorta allograft.

  1999cites this paper
• Upregulation of Estrogen Receptor- (cid:97) Expression in Rabbit Cardiac Allograft

  1998cites this paper
• Exposure of vascular allografts to insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) increases vascular expression of IGF-I ligand and receptor protein and accelerates arteriosclerosis in rats.

  1998cites this paper
• Upregulation of Estrogen Receptor- (cid:97) Expression in Rabbit Cardiac Allograft

  1998cites this paper