Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Activation in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells as Substrate for Adaptive Timing of the Classically Conditioned Eye-Blink Response

To understand how the cerebellum adaptively times the classically conditioned nictitating membrane response (NMR), a model of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) second messenger system in cerebellar Purkinje cells is constructed. In the model, slow responses, generated postsynaptically by mGluR-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and calcium release from intracellular stores, bridge the interstimulus interval (ISI) between the onset of parallel fiber activity associated with the conditioned stimulus (CS) and climbing fiber activity associated with unconditioned stimulus (US) onset. Temporal correlation of metabotropic responses and climbing fiber signals produces persistent phosphorylation of both AMPA receptors and Ca2+-dependent K+ channels. This is responsible for long-term depression (LTD) of AMPA receptors. The phosphorylation of Ca2+-dependent K+ channels leads to a reduction in baseline membrane potential and a reduction of Purkinje cell population firing during the CS–US interval. The Purkinje cell firing decrease disinhibits cerebellar nuclear cells, which then produce an excitatory response corresponding to the learned movement. Purkinje cell learning times the response, whereas nuclear cell learning can calibrate it. The model reproduces key features of the conditioned rabbit NMR: Purkinje cell population response is timed properly; delay conditioning occurs for ISIs of up to 4 sec, whereas trace conditioning occurs only at shorter ISIs; mixed training at two different ISIs produces a double-peaked response; and ISIs of 200–400 msec produce maximal responding. Biochemical similarities between timed cerebellar learning and photoreceptor transduction, and circuit similarities between the timed cerebellar circuit and a timed dentate-CA3 hippocampal circuit, are noted.

• Publication year

  1996

• Venue

  Journal of Neuroscience

• Publication date

  1996-06-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Chemistry

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-11-03760.1996PMID 8642419PMCID PMC6578825
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Coactivation of metabotropic glutamate receptors and of voltage-gated calcium channels induces long-term depression in cerebellar Purkinje cells in vitro

  2004cited by this paper
• Cerebellar Purkinje cell activity related to the classically conditioned nictitating membrane response

  2004cited by this paper
• Neural Network Model of the Cerebellum: Temporal Discrimination and the Timing of Motor Responses

  1999cited by this paper
• Classical conditioning

  1998cited by this paper
• Long-term depression in the cerebellum

  1998influential reference
• Protein Kinase and Phosphatase Inhibitors

  1997influential reference
• The Hippocampus and Cerebellum in Adaptively Timed Learning, Recognition, and Movement

  1996cited by this paper
• An evaluation of the nitric oxide/cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase cascade in the induction of cerebellar long-term depression in culture

  1995influential reference
• Kinase and phosphatase activities intimately associated with a reconstituted calcium-dependent potassium channel

  1995cited by this paper
• Distinguishing between roles for calcium in Limulus photoreceptor excitation.

  1995cited by this paper
• The lifetime of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in single cells

  1995cited by this paper
• Subthreshold synaptic Ca2+ signalling in fine dendrites and spines of cerebellar Purkinje neurons

  1995cited by this paper
• Inositol 1,4,5‐Trisphosphate Receptor‐Mediated Ca2+ Signaling in the Brain

  1995cited by this paper
• Involvement of inositol trisphosphate in cerebellar long-term depression.

  1995cited by this paper
• A unique role of protein phosphatases in cerebellar long-term depression.

  1995cited by this paper
• IPSPs strongly inhibit climbing fiber-activated [Ca2+]i increases in the dendrites of cerebellar Purkinje neurons

  1995cited by this paper
• Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor causes formation of ER cisternal stacks in transfected fibroblasts and in cerebellar Purkinje cells.

  1994cited by this paper
• Subsynaptic segregation of metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors as revealed by immunogold localization.

  1994cited by this paper
• Deficient cerebellar long-term depression and impaired motor learning in mGluR1 mutant mice.

  1994cited by this paper
• Antibodies inactivating mGluR1 metabotropic glutamate receptor block long-term depression in cultured Purkinje cells.

  1994cited by this paper
• Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation modulate a Ca(2+)‐activated K+ channel in rat peptidergic nerve terminals.

  1994cited by this paper
• Partial calcium release in response to submaximal inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activation.

  1994cited by this paper
• Organization of memory traces in the mammalian brain.

  1994influential reference
• Dual calcium ion regulation of calcineurin by calmodulin and calcineurin B.

  1994cited by this paper
• Rapid Desensitization of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor that Facilitates Glutamate Release in Rat Cerebrocortical Nerve Terminals

  1994cited by this paper
• Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) in the central nervous system : an in situ hybridization study in adult and developing rat

  1994cited by this paper
• Quantal Ca2+ release from InsP3-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores.

  1994cited by this paper
• A neural model of timed response learning in the cerebellum

  1994cited by this paper
• Characterization of the lanthanide ion-binding properties of calcineurin-B using laser-induced luminescence spectroscopy.

  1994cited by this paper
• An active membrane model of the cerebellar Purkinje cell. I. Simulation of current clamps in slice.

  1994cited by this paper
• Induction of cerebellar long-term depression requires activation of glutamate metabotropic receptors.

  1994cited by this paper
• An active membrane model of the cerebellar Purkinje cell II. Simulation of synaptic responses.

  1994cited by this paper
• Identification of calmodulin-, Ca(2+)-, and ruthenium red-binding domains in the Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor) of rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum.

  1994cited by this paper
• Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and potassium channel subunit eag similarly affect plasticity in Drosophila.

  1994cited by this paper
• Transduction mechanisms of vertebrate and invertebrate photoreceptors.

  1994cited by this paper
• Critical role of postsynaptic calcium in cerebellar long‐term depression

  1994cited by this paper
• Synaptic activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the parallel fibre-Purkinje cell pathway in rat cerebellar slices.

  1994influential reference
• Induction of cerebellar long-term depression in culture requires postsynaptic action of sodium ions.

  1993cited by this paper
• A pharmacological characterization of the mGluR1 alpha subtype of the metabotropic glutamate receptor expressed in a cloned baby hamster kidney cell line.

  1993cited by this paper
• Cerebellar cortex lesions disrupt learning-dependent timing of conditioned eyelid responses

  1993cited by this paper
• Functional heterogeneity of calcium release by inositol trisphosphate in single Purkinje neurones, cultured cerebellar astrocytes, and peripheral tissues.

  1993cited by this paper
• Cellular mechanisms of long-term depression in the cerebellum.

  1993cited by this paper
• Novel synaptic potentials in cerebellar Purkinje cells: probable mediation by metabotropic glutamate receptors.

  1993influential reference
• Ca2+ is an obligatory intermediate in the excitation cascade of limulus photoreceptors.

  1993cited by this paper
• Fast desensitization of the response to InsP3 in Limulus ventral photoreceptors.

  1993cited by this paper
• (R,S)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors mediate a calcium-dependent inhibition of the metabotropic glutamate receptor-stimulated formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.

  1993cited by this paper
• Spatial distribution of Ca2+ influx in turtle Purkinje cell dendrites in vitro: role of a transient outward current.

  1993cited by this paper
• Electrophysiological Dissection of the Excitatory Inputs to Purkinje Cells

  1993cited by this paper
• (R,S)‐α‐Amino‐3‐Hydroxy‐5‐Methylisoxazole‐4‐Propionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors Mediate a Calcium‐Dependent Inhibition of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor‐Stimulated Formation of Inositol 1,4,5‐Trisphosphate

  1993cited by this paper
• Characterization of a Ca2+ binding and regulatory site in the Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor) of rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum.

  1992cited by this paper
• Reconstitution of agonist-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis using purified m1 muscarinic receptor, Gq/11, and phospholipase C-beta 1.

  1992cited by this paper
• Control of rabbit nictitating membrane movements

  1992cited by this paper
• Calcium transients evoked by climbing fiber and parallel fiber synaptic inputs in guinea pig cerebellar Purkinje neurons.

  1992cited by this paper
• Mechanism of Ca2+ inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) binding to the cerebellar InsP3 receptor.

  1992cited by this paper
• Responses to Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Activation in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells: Induction of an Inward Current

  1992influential reference
• Cerebellar long‐term potentiation under suppressed postsynaptic Ca2+ activity

  1992cited by this paper
• Role of metabotropic glutamate (ACPD) receptors at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapse.

  1992cited by this paper
• The Electrophysiology of the Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Revisited

  1992cited by this paper
• Control of rabbit nictitating membrane movements I: A computer model of the retractor bulbi muscle and the associated orbital mechanics

  1992cited by this paper
• A neural network model of adaptively timed reinforcement learning and hippocampal dynamics.

  1992cited by this paper
• Control of rabbit nictitating membrane movements

  1992cited by this paper
• Control of rabbit nictitating membrane movements II: Analysis of the relation of motoneuron activity to behavior

  1992cited by this paper
• A Neuronal Model for Variable Latency Response

  1992cited by this paper
• The time course of glutamate in the synaptic cleft.

  1992cited by this paper
• Molecular characterization of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 coupled to inositol phosphate/Ca2+ signal transduction.

  1992cited by this paper
• Ca2+ stores in Purkinje neurons: endoplasmic reticulum subcompartments demonstrated by the heterogeneous distribution of the InsP3 receptor, Ca(2+)-ATPase, and calsequestrin

  1992cited by this paper
• A quantitative account of the activation steps involved in phototransduction in amphibian photoreceptors.

  1992cited by this paper
• Protein kinases and phosphatase inhibitors mediating long-term desensitization of glutamate receptors in cerebellar Purkinje cells.

  1992influential reference
• Brief dendritic calcium signals initiate long-lasting synaptic depression in cerebellar Purkinje cells.

  1992cited by this paper
• Distribution of the mRNA for a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) in the central nervous system: An in situ hybridization study in adult and developing rat

  1992cited by this paper
• Cholinergic stimulation produces oscillations of cytosolic Ca2+ in a secretory epithelial cell line, T84.

  1991cited by this paper
• Light-dependent channels from excised patches of Limulus ventral photoreceptors are opened by cGMP.

  1991cited by this paper
• Desensitization of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Neuronal Cultures

  1991cited by this paper
• Activation of a Large‐conductance Ca2+‐Dependent K+ Channel by Stimulation of Glutamate Phosphoinositide‐coupled Receptors in Cultured Cerebellar Granule Cells

  1991influential reference
• A long-term depression of AMPA currents in cultured cerebellar Purkinje neurons.

  1991cited by this paper
• A neural network model of the cerebellar cortex performing dynamic associations

  1991cited by this paper
• Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated channels in cerebellum: presence of multiple conductance states

  1991cited by this paper
• Biophysical processes in invertebrate photoreceptors: recent progress and a critical overview based on Limulus photoreceptors

  1991cited by this paper
• The cellular basis of cerebellar plasticity.

  1991cited by this paper
• Electron probe microanalysis of calcium release and magnesium uptake by endoplasmic reticulum in bee photoreceptors.

  1991cited by this paper
• Bell-shaped calcium-response curves of lns(l,4,5)P3- and calcium-gated channels from endoplasmic reticulum of cerebellum

  1991cited by this paper
• Sensorimotor learning and the cerebellum

  1991cited by this paper
• Endogenous nitric oxide release required for long-term synaptic depression in the cerebellum

  1991cited by this paper
• Intracellular Ca2+ stores in chicken Purkinje neurons: differential distribution of the low affinity-high capacity Ca2+ binding protein, calsequestrin, of Ca2+ ATPase and of the ER lumenal protein, Bip

  1991cited by this paper
• Participation of postsynaptic PKC in cerebellar long-term depression in culture.

  1991cited by this paper
• Classical nictitating membrane conditioning in rabbits with varying interstimulus intervals and direct activation of cerebellar mossy fibers as the CS.

  1990influential reference
• Neural mechanisms of classical conditioning in mammals.

  1990cited by this paper
• Localization of nitric oxide synthase indicating a neural role for nitric oxide

  1990cited by this paper
• Depression and potentiation of the synaptic transmission between a granule cell and a Purkinje cell in rat cerebellar culture.

  1990cited by this paper
• Biphasic Ca2+ dependence of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca release in smooth muscle cells of the guinea pig taenia caeci

  1990cited by this paper
• Neuronal Activity in the Rabbit Interpositus Nucleus during Classical NM-Conditioning with a Pontine-Nucleus-Stimulation CS

  1990influential reference
• Protein kinases, nitric oxide and long-term depression of synapses in the cerebellum.

  1990cited by this paper
• Acquisition of conditioned associations in Hermissenda: additive effects of contiguity and the forward interstimulus interval.

  1990cited by this paper
• Gz, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein with unique biochemical properties.

  1990cited by this paper
• Calcium is an intracellular mediator of the climbing fiber in induction of cerebellar long-term depression.

  1990cited by this paper
• [Long term depression].

  1989cited by this paper
• Classical conditioning in rabbits using pontine nucleus stimulation as a conditioned stimulus and inferior olive stimulation as an unconditioned stimulus

  1989cited by this paper
• Adaptively timed conditioned responses and the cerebellum: A neural network approach

  1989cited by this paper
• Multiple channels and calcium dynamics

  1989cited by this paper
• The effect of external calcium and pH on inositol trisphosphate-mediated calcium release from cerebellum microsomal fractions.

  1989influential reference

• Exploring the Mechanisms of Bidirectional Plasticity From Temporal Feature Stimuli in Cerebellar Motor Learning: A Ca2+-Mediated Simulation

  2025cites this paper
• Neural network models of autonomous adaptive intelligence and artificial general intelligence: how our brains learn large language models and their meanings

  2025cites this paper
• From the perceptron to the cerebellum

  2025cites this paper
• Advancements in Cerebellar Modeling and Its Practical Applications: A Comprehensive Review

  2024cites this paper
• Purkinje cell models: past, present and future

  2024cites this paper
• Autapses enable temporal pattern recognition in spiking neural networks

  2023cites this paper
• Dataset of eyeblink conditioning in mice treated with the selective mGluR1 antagonist JNJ16259685

  2023cites this paper
• Discrimination and learning of temporal input sequences in a cerebellar Purkinje cell model

  2023cites this paper
• A system of feed-forward cerebellar circuits that extend and diversify sensory signaling

  2023cites this paper
• How children learn to understand language meanings: a neural model of adult–child multimodal interactions in real-time

  2023cites this paper
• Toward Understanding the Brain Dynamics of Music: Learning and Conscious Performance of Lyrics and Melodies With Variable Rhythms and Beats

  2022cites this paper
• Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for imaging neuronal dynamics in vivo

  2022cites this paper
• Neuron-Glia Interactions and Brain Circuits.

  2022cites this paper
• A Neural Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Hippocampal Theta Rhythms: Anatomy, Neurophysiology, and Function

  2021cites this paper
• Stochastic reaction-diffusion modeling of calcium dynamics in 3D dendritic spines of Purkinje cells

  2021cites this paper
• Toward Autonomous Adaptive Intelligence: Building Upon Neural Models of How Brains Make Minds

  2021cites this paper
• Influence of various temporal recoding on pavlovian eyeblink conditioning in the cerebellum

  2020cites this paper
• Binding of Filamentous Actin to CaMKII as Potential Regulation Mechanism of Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity by β CaMKII in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

  2020cites this paper
• Developmental Designs and Adult Functions of Cortical Maps in Multiple Modalities: Perception, Attention, Navigation, Numbers, Streaming, Speech, and Cognition

  2020cites this paper
• Astrocyte-mediated spike-timing-dependent long-term depression modulates synaptic properties in the developing cortex

  2020influential citation
• Binding of Filamentous Actin to CaMKII as a Potential Mechanism for the Regulation of Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity by βCaMKII in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

  2019cites this paper
• The Embodied Brain of SOVEREIGN2: From Space-Variant Conscious Percepts During Visual Search and Navigation to Learning Invariant Object Categories and Cognitive-Emotional Plans for Acquiring Valued Goals

  2019cites this paper
• Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity as a Mechanism for Sensory Timing.

  2018cites this paper
• Parallel Excitatory and Inhibitory Neural Circuit Pathways Underlie Reward-Based Phasic Neural Responses

  2018cites this paper
• Desirability, availability, credit assignment, category learning, and attention: Cognitive-emotional and working memory dynamics of orbitofrontal, ventrolateral, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices

  2018cites this paper
• The Neural Basis of Timing: Distributed Mechanisms for Diverse Functions.

  2018cites this paper
• Neural Dynamics of Autistic Repetitive Behaviors and Fragile X Syndrome: Basal Ganglia Movement Gating and mGluR-Modulated Adaptively Timed Learning

  2018influential citation
• The Emerging Concept of Intrinsic Plasticity: Activity-dependent Modulation of Intrinsic Excitability in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells and Motor Learning

  2018cites this paper
• Neuronal Calcium Signaling

  2017cites this paper
• Phasic Neural responses Abbreviated title : Neural circuit mechanism of multiple reward based learned responses Author names and affiliations

  2017cites this paper
• Models of Anterior Cingulate Cortex Function in Cognitive Control

  2017cites this paper
• The c-Abl inhibitor, nilotinib, as a potential therapeutic agent for chronic cerebellar ataxia.

  2017cites this paper
• Theoretical implications of quantitative properties of interval timing and probability estimation in mouse and rat.

  2017cites this paper
• Towards solving the hard problem of consciousness: The varieties of brain resonances and the conscious experiences that they support

  2017cites this paper
• Information Theory, Memory, Prediction, and Timing in Associative Learning

  2017cites this paper
• Acetylcholine Neuromodulation in Normal and Abnormal Learning and Memory: Vigilance Control in Waking, Sleep, Autism, Amnesia and Alzheimer’s Disease

  2017cites this paper
• Mechanisms for motor timing in the cerebellar cortex.

  2016cites this paper
• Temporal Interval Learning in Cortical Cultures Is Encoded in Intrinsic Network Dynamics.

  2016cites this paper
• Resonant Cholinergic Dynamics in Cognitive and Motor Decision-Making: Attention, Category Learning, and Choice in Neocortex, Superior Colliculus, and Optic Tectum

  2016cites this paper
• Neural and Spinal Modules in Implementation of a Simple Ballistic Movement

  2016cites this paper
• Neural Dynamics of the Basal Ganglia During Perceptual, Cognitive, and Motor Learning and Gating

  2016cites this paper
• A neural model of normal and abnormal learning and memory consolidation: adaptively timed conditioning, hippocampus, amnesia, neurotrophins, and consciousness

  2016influential citation
• A neural network model of normal and abnormal learning and memory consolidation

  2016cites this paper
• From brain synapses to systems for learning and memory: Object recognition, spatial navigation, timed conditioning, and movement control.

  2015cites this paper
• Neuronal Reward and Decision Signals: From Theories to Data.

  2015cites this paper
• Integration of modeling with experimental and clinical findings synthesizes and refines the central role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 in spinocerebellar ataxia

  2015cites this paper
• Timing Performance Error in Rewarded and Non-Rewarded Tasks

  2015cites this paper
• Activation of a Temporal Memory in Purkinje Cells by the mGluR7 Receptor.

  2015cites this paper
• Eyeblink Classical Conditioning

  2015cites this paper
• Temporal Perceptual Learning

  2014cites this paper
• The Timing of Learned Eyelid Responses Depends on Causality in the Cerebellar-red-nucleus-motoneuron Network

  2014cites this paper
• BIOMECHANICAL ONLINE SIGNATURE MODELING APPLIED TO VERIFICATION

  2014cites this paper
• Timing and expectation of reward: a neuro-computational model of the afferents to the ventral tegmental area

  2014cites this paper
• Subjective time : the philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience of temporality

  2014cites this paper
• Timing as an intrinsic property of neural networks: evidence from in vivo and in vitro experiments

  2014cites this paper
• Adaptive Resonance Theory: How a brain learns to consciously attend, learn, and recognize a changing world

  2013influential citation
• Classical conditioning of motor responses: What is the learning mechanism?

  2013cites this paper
• Neural Dynamics of Autistic Behaviors: Learning, Recognition, Attention, Emotion, Timing, and Social Cognition

  2013cites this paper
• Coupling internal cerebellar models enhances online adaptation and supports offline consolidation in sensorimotor tasks

  2013cites this paper
• Coordinated learning of grid cell and place cell spatial and temporal properties: multiple scales, attention and oscillations

  2013cites this paper
• A Computational Mechanism for Unified Gain and Timing Control in the Cerebellum

  2012cites this paper
• Dendritic and axonal ion channels supporting neuronal integration: From pyramidal neurons to peripheral nociceptors

  2012cites this paper
• Spatial Organization and Diffusion in Neuronal Signaling

  2012cites this paper
• Web:http://cns.bu.edu/~steve Departmental Contact:

  2012cites this paper
• Unsupervised Formation of Vocalization-Sensitive Neurons: A Cortical Model Based on Short-Term and Homeostatic Plasticity

  2012cites this paper
• How Entorhinal Grid Cells May Learn Multiple Spatial Scales from a Dorsoventral Gradient of Cell Response Rates in a Self-organizing Map

  2012cites this paper
• Timing and Causality in the Generation of Learned Eyelid Responses

  2011cites this paper
• Learning Stimulus Intervals—Adaptive Timing of Conditioned Purkinje Cell Responses

  2011cites this paper
• Deciphering Elapsed Time and Predicting Action Timing from Neuronal Population Signals

  2011cites this paper
• Medial prefrontal cortex predicts and evaluates the timing of action outcomes

  2011cites this paper
• The conditioned eyeblink reflex: a potential tool for the detection of cerebellar dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

  2011cites this paper
• Temporal coordination and adaptation to rate change in music performance.

  2011cites this paper
• Lateral intraparietal area activity as a temporal production signal during precise timing

  2011cites this paper
• Neural circuitry and plasticity mechanisms underlying delay eyeblink conditioning.

  2011cites this paper
• Population clocks: motor timing with neural dynamics.

  2010cites this paper
• Role of the Cerebellar Cortex in Conditioned Goal-Directed Behavior

  2010cites this paper
• RoleoftheCerebellarCortexinConditionedGoal-Directed Behavior

  2010cites this paper
• How do children learn to follow gaze , share joint attention , imitate their teachers , and use tools during social interactions ?

  2010influential citation
• Sensory Prediction or Motor Control? Application of Marr–Albus Type Models of Cerebellar Function to Classical Conditioning

  2010cites this paper
• Beyond AMPA and NMDA: Slow synaptic mGlu/TRPC currents : Implications for dendritic integration

  2010cites this paper
• How do children learn to follow gaze , share joint attention , imitate their teachers , and use tools during social interactions ?

  2010cites this paper
• Postsynaptic Signal Transduction Models for Long-Term Potentiation and Depression

  2010cites this paper
• 2010 Special Issue: How do children learn to follow gaze, share joint attention, imitate their teachers, and use tools during social interactions?

  2010cites this paper
• SOLAR versus SERIOL revisited

  2010cites this paper
• Generalization of dynamics learning across changes in movement amplitude.

  2010cites this paper
• Eye-blink conditioning deficits indicate temporal processing abnormalities in schizophrenia.

  2009cites this paper
• A biologically plausible model of time-scale invariant interval timing

  2009cites this paper
• Cortical and subcortical predictive dynamics and learning during perception, cognition, emotion and action

  2009cites this paper
• Computational Models of Timing Mechanisms in the Cerebellar Granular Layer

  2009cites this paper
• 2009 Special Issue: The first second: Models of short-term memory traces in the brain

  2009cites this paper
• Cellular identity of cerebellar memory.

  2009cites this paper
• State-dependent computations: spatiotemporal processing in cortical networks

  2009cites this paper
• A Local Circuit Model of Learned Striatal and Dopamine Cell Responses under Probabilistic Schedules of Reward

  2008cites this paper
• Interactive Curriculum Based on Models of Mind & Brain

  2008cites this paper
• Dedicated and intrinsic models of time perception.

  2008cites this paper
• Dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic value systems in conditioning and outcome-specific revaluation.

  2008influential citation
• SOVEREIGN: an Autonomous Neural System for Incrementally Learning to Navigate towards a Rewarded Goal

  2008cites this paper
• Interaction between Purkinje Cells and Inhibitory Interneurons May Create Adjustable Output Waveforms to Generate Timed Cerebellar Output

  2008influential citation
• Th Iccrts: C2 for Complex Endeavors " Sovereign: an Autonomous Neural System for Goal-oriented Mobile Robot Navigation " Topics: (3) Modeling and Simulation, (8) C2 Architectures, and (9) Collaborative Technologies for Network-centric Operations Sovereign: an Autonomous Neural System for Goal-orient

  2008cites this paper
• Analysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate signaling in cerebellar Purkinje spines.

  2008cites this paper