Time course of chromatic adaptation for color appearance and discrimination.

Adaptation to a steady background has a profound effect on both color appearance and discrimination. We determined the temporal characteristics of chromatic adaptation for appearance and discrimination along different color directions. Subjects were adapted to a large uniform background made up of a CRT screen and a 45x64 degrees wall, illuminated by computer controlled lamps. After an instant change in background color along a red-green or blue-yellow color axis, we measured thresholds for the detection of increments along the same axes at fixed times between 25 ms and 121 s. Analogously, color appearance was determined using achromatic matching. Three components of adaptation could be identified by their temporal characteristics. A slow exponential time course of adaptation with a half-life of about 20 s was common to appearance and discrimination. A faster component with a half-life of 40-70 ms--probably due to photoreceptor adaptation--was also common to both. Exclusive for color appearance, there was a third, extremely rapid mechanism with a half-life faster than 10 ms. This instantaneous process explained more than 50% of total adaptation for color appearance and could be shown to act in a multiplicative manner. We conclude that this instantaneous adaptation mechanism for color appearance is situated at a later processing stage, after mechanisms common to appearance and discrimination, and is based on multiplicative spatial interactions rather than on local, temporal adaptational processes. Color appearance, and thus color constancy, seems to be determined in large part by cortical computations.

• Publication year

  2000

• Venue

  Vision Research

• Publication date

  2000-06-01

• Fields of study

  Mathematics, Physics, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/S0042-6989(00)00050-XPMID 10837828
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• The time course of chromatic adaptation

  2001cited by this paper
• Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, 2nd Edition

  2000influential reference
• Asymmetries in the time-course of chromatic adaptation and the significance of contrast.

  2000cited by this paper
• Rapid adaptation in visual cortex to the structure of images.

  1999cited by this paper
• Time course of adaptation for color discrimination and appearance

  1999cited by this paper
• Selective Color Constancy Deficits after Circumscribed Unilateral Brain Lesions

  1999cited by this paper
• Simultaneous color constancy: how surface color perception varies with the illuminant.

  1999cited by this paper
• Physics-based approaches to modeling surface color perception

  1999cited by this paper
• Chromatic induction: border contrast or adaptation to surrounding light?

  1998cited by this paper
• Selective colour constancy deficits after unilateral brain lesion

  1998cited by this paper
• Adaptation to textured chromatic fields.

  1998cited by this paper
• Color constancy in variegated scenes: role of low-level mechanisms in discounting illumination changes.

  1997cited by this paper
• Probed-sinewave paradigm: a test of models of light-adaptation dynamics.

  1997cited by this paper
• Color appearance changes resulting from iso-luminant chromatic adaptation.

  1996cited by this paper
• The time course of adaptation in macaque retinal ganglion cells.

  1996cited by this paper
• Time course of chromatic adaptation for color-appearance judgments.

  1995influential reference
• Visual latencies in areas V1 and V2 of the macaque monkey

  1995cited by this paper
• Photoreceptor sensitivity changes explain color appearance shifts induced by large uniform backgrounds in dichoptic matching.

  1995cited by this paper
• Handbook of Perception and Human Performance. Volume 2. Cognitive Processes and Performance

  1994cited by this paper
• Color appearance: effects of illuminant changes under different surface collections.

  1994cited by this paper
• Chromatic discrimination with variation in chromaticity and luminance: data and theory.

  1993cited by this paper
• How much does illuminant color affect unattributed colors?

  1993cited by this paper
• The effects of prolonged temporal modulation on the differential response of color mechanisms.

  1992cited by this paper
• Color discrimination and adaptation.

  1992cited by this paper
• Asymmetric color matching: how color appearance depends on the illuminant.

  1992cited by this paper
• Modeling the dynamics of light adaptation: the merging of two traditions.

  1992influential reference
• Computing data for color-vision modeling

  1992influential reference
• Deciphering the colour code

  1991influential reference
• Visual perception. Deciphering the colour code.

  1991cited by this paper
• Thresholds From Psychometric Functions : Superiority of Bootstrap to Incremental and Probit Variance Estimators

  1991cited by this paper
• Spectral properties of V4 neurons in the macaque

  1990cited by this paper
• Confidence intervals for the parameters of psychometric functions

  1990cited by this paper
• Calibration of a computer controlled color monitor

  1989cited by this paper
• Transient tritanopia of a second kind.

  1987cited by this paper
• A central binocular mechanism affects chromatic adaptation.

  1987cited by this paper
• The time-course of multiplicative and subtractive adaptation process.

  1987cited by this paper
• Mechanisms of simultaneous color induction.

  1986cited by this paper
• Sensitivity to Light

  1986cited by this paper
• Induced desensitization.

  1986influential reference
• Handbook of perception and human performance

  1986cited by this paper
• Color measurement and discrimination.

  1985cited by this paper
• Limitations of color constancy

  1985cited by this paper
• Chromatic mechanisms in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque.

  1984cited by this paper
• Spectral sensitivity of single cones in the retina of Macaca fascicularis

  1984cited by this paper
• Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulae, 2nd ed., by Gunter Wyszecki and W. S. Stiles, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1982, 950 pp. Price: $75.00

  1983influential reference
• Cardinal directions of color space.

  1982influential reference
• Color vision

  1981cited by this paper
• A theory of theΠ1andΠ3color mechanisms of stiles

  1979influential reference
• Receptoral and postreceptoral visual processes in recovery from chromatic adaptation.

  1979cited by this paper
• Effects of chromatic adaptation on color discrimination and color appearance.

  1979cited by this paper
• Chromaticity diagram showing cone excitation by stimuli of equal luminance.

  1979cited by this paper
• Human color vision

  1979cited by this paper
• A theory of the pi1 and pi3 color mechanisms of Stiles.

  1979influential reference
• Adaptation, afterimages and cone saturation.

  1978cited by this paper
• The dual role of chromatic backgrounds in color perception.

  1978cited by this paper
• Discounting the background--the missing link in the explanation of chromatic induction.

  1976cited by this paper
• Spectral sensitivity of the foveal cone photopigments between 400 and 500 nm.

  1975cited by this paper
• Handbook of Sensory Physiology

  1975cited by this paper
• Color induction: dependence on luminance, purity, and dominant or complementary wavelength of inducing stimuli.

  1974cited by this paper
• Handbook of sensory physiology VII/4, visual psychophysics : Edited by O. Jameson and M. C. Hurvich, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1972, 812 pp. D.M. 151.70

  1973cited by this paper
• Sources of Color Science

  1972cited by this paper
• Color Adaptation: Sensitivity, Contrast, After-images

  1972cited by this paper
• Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics.

  1971cited by this paper
• Visual Adaptation in Monkey Cones: Recordings of Late Receptor Potentials

  1970cited by this paper
• Color Science: Concepts and Methods, Quantitative Data and Formulas

  1968influential reference
• Relation of increment thresholds to brightness and luminance.

  1965cited by this paper
• Visual pigments in man.

  1962cited by this paper
• Vision Research

  1961cited by this paper
• Chromatic adaptation.

  1956cited by this paper
• Visual adaptation in relation to brief conditioning stimuli

  1947cited by this paper
• The effect of adaptation on subjective brightness

  1940cited by this paper

• Chromatic induction and retinal image motion.

  2026cites this paper
• Color discrimination in action: High-throughput measurement in immersive VR

  2026cites this paper
• Effects of workspace wall colors on productivity and emotion via immersive VR and physiological data

  2026cites this paper
• Time Course of Color Appearance Under the Abrupt Decrease in Background Luminance

  2026cites this paper
• Brightness contrast induced red/green balance shifts in real-world objects.

  2025cites this paper
• Balanced spatiotemporal color responses are fine-tuned to natural light spectrum in mice ventral retina

  2025cites this paper
• Colour discrimination evaluation under multiple light sources using signal detection theory.

  2025cites this paper
• Cone-Specific Filter-Based Neuromodulation: A Proposed Clinical Framework for Amblyopia, Strabismus, and ADHD

  2025cites this paper
• Cross-Media Color Appearance Reproduction in Optical See-Through Augmented Reality

  2025cites this paper
• Color preferences of Western females with art education.

  2025cites this paper
• The non-opponent nature of colour afterimages

  2025cites this paper
• Evaluation of classic colour constancy algorithms on spectrally rendered ground-truth

  2025cites this paper
• Modeling and Exploiting the Time Course of Chromatic Adaptation for Display Power Optimizations in Virtual Reality

  2025cites this paper
• Examining Critical Task Performance in Blue and Green Ambient Lighting Environments in Modern Interventional Suites: An Anesthetic Care Perspective.

  2025cites this paper
• Lack of strong evidence for cone photoreceptors’ contribution to human melatonin suppression and alerting response to light

  2025cites this paper
• Seeing the Light: Perception and Discrimination of Illumination Color.

  2025cites this paper
• The effect of illumination cues on color constancy in simultaneous identification of illumination and reflectance changes

  2025cites this paper
• Relative Contributions of sc-DER, mel-DER, Color Rendition, Chromaticity, and Illuminance to Spatial Brightness Perception

  2025cites this paper
• The Verriest Lecture: Color vision from pixels to objects.

  2025cites this paper
• Frequency of mismatching surface colors in the wild.

  2024cites this paper
• Highlighting illumination color by three-dimensional perception of scene moderates color constancy decline by systematic surface color change in stimulus background.

  2024cites this paper
• Lack of evidence for the contribution of cone photoreceptors to human melatonin suppression and alerting response to light at night

  2024cites this paper
• Measurements of chromatic adaptation and luminous efficiency while wearing colored filters

  2024cites this paper
• Single cone photoreceptors experience global image statistics through gaze shifts

  2024cites this paper
• CoolerSpace: A Language for Physically Correct and Computationally Efficient Color Programming

  2024cites this paper
• Chromatic adaptation for different viewing media through achromatic matches and neutrality ratings.

  2024cites this paper
• Effect of indoor surfaces’ spectral reflectance on the environmental light spectrum modification and on objects perceived color

  2023cites this paper
• Effects of calibrated blue–yellow changes in light on the human circadian clock

  2023cites this paper
• Effect of surrounding objects in the adapting scene on chromatic adaptation.

  2023cites this paper
• The Impact of Target Object Size and Dimensionality on the Degree of Adaptation to Global Illumination

  2023cites this paper
• Adaptation under dichromatic illumination.

  2023cites this paper
• Time-course analysis of change in display color-appearance based on ambient light change

  2023cites this paper
• Effects of calibrated blue–yellow (–S+[L+M], +S–[L+M]) changes in light on the human circadian clock

  2023cites this paper
• Backgrounds and the evolution of visual signals.

  2023cites this paper
• Pre-stimulus bioelectrical activity in light-adapted ERG under blue versus white background

  2023cites this paper
• Effect of viewing environments on perceived display neutral point.

  2023cites this paper
• A model of colour appearance based on efficient coding of natural images

  2022cites this paper
• Speed perception of dynamic lighting around daylight

  2022cites this paper
• Transition type influences the adaptation state under dichromatic illuminations.

  2022cites this paper
• The time course of chromatic adaptation in human early visual cortex revealed by SSVEPs

  2022cites this paper
• The Mechanisms Underlying Colour Afterimages

  2022cites this paper
• After-image formation by adaptation to dynamic color gradients

  2022cites this paper
• Differences in color fading and recovery under sustained fixation.

  2022cites this paper
• Melanopsin-driven surround induction on the red/green balance of yellow.

  2022cites this paper
• Color Compensatory Mechanism of Chromatic Adaptation at the Cortical Level

  2022cites this paper
• Subjective and physiological responses towards daylit spaces with contemporary façade patterns in virtual reality: Influence of sky type, space function, and latitude

  2022cites this paper
• Assessment of visual comfort in the lighting environments of subway cabins in China

  2022cites this paper
• Crossmodal Correspondence between Music and Ambient Color Is Mediated by Emotion.

  2022cites this paper
• Recommended methods for conducting human factors experiments on the subjective evaluation of colour rendition

  2021cites this paper
• Adaptive auditory brightness perception

  2021cites this paper
• Relative contributions of melanopsin to brightness discrimination when hue and luminance also vary.

  2020cites this paper
• Effect of adapting field size on chromatic adaptation.

  2020cites this paper
• Discomfort luminance level of head‐mounted displays depending on the adapting luminance

  2020cites this paper
• Chromatic fading following complete adaptation to unique hues

  2020cites this paper
• The time course of chromatic adaptation under immersive illumination

  2020influential citation
• Visual mode switching learned through experience

  2020influential citation
• Visual mode switching learned through repeated adaptation to color

  2020cites this paper
• Colorimetric Observer Categories for Young and Aged Using Paired-Comparison Experiments

  2020cites this paper
• Temporal dynamics of daylight perception: Detection thresholds

  2020cites this paper
• Experimental validation of colour rendition specification criteria based on ANSI/IES TM-30-18

  2020cites this paper
• A Methodology for the Prediction of Complementary Colours in Chromatic Afterimages

  2020cites this paper
• Brightness In The Photopic Range: Psychophysical Modelling With Blue-sensitive Retinal Signals

  2020cites this paper
• Patch scanning displays: spatiotemporal enhancement for displays.

  2020cites this paper
• The time course of color constancy by achromatic adjustment in immersive illumination: What looks white under coloured lights?

  2020influential citation
• Dynamic color control in multiprimary tunable LED lighting systems

  2019cites this paper
• Influences of lighting time course and background on categorical colour constancy with RGB‐LED light sources

  2019cites this paper
• Quickly fading afterimages: hierarchical adaptations in human perception

  2019cites this paper
• 72‐3: Invited Paper: Dynamic Color Control in Multiprimary Tunable LED Lighting Systems

  2019cites this paper
• Long-term adaptation to color

  2019cites this paper
• Perceived speed of changing color in chroma and hue directions in CIELAB.

  2019cites this paper
• Disentangling simultaneous changes of surface and illumination.

  2019cites this paper
• Evidence for a central component in adaptation to chromatic light.

  2019cites this paper
• Lightness Discrimination Depends More on Bright Rather Than Shaded Regions of Three-Dimensional Objects

  2019cites this paper
• Transparent layer constancy is improved by motion, stereo disparity, highly regular background pattern, and successive presentation.

  2019cites this paper
• Drivers’ Preference for the Color of LED Street Lighting

  2019cites this paper
• Perceptual effects of daylight patterns in architecture

  2019cites this paper
• IMPACT OF BACKGROUND FIELD SIZE AND CORNEAL ILLUMINANCE ON THE DEGREE OF CHROMATIC ADAPTATION

  2019cites this paper
• The biological bases of colour categorisation: From goldfish to the human brain.

  2019cites this paper
• Effects of adapting luminance and CCT on appearance of white and degree of chromatic adaptation.

  2019cites this paper
• Impact of the starting point chromaticity on memory color matching accuracy.

  2019cites this paper
• Museum Lighting, Colour Constancy and Melanopsin

  2019cites this paper
• HOW CLOSE IS CLOSE ENOUGH? SPECIFYING COLOUR TOLERANCES FOR HDR AND WCG DISPLAYS

  2018cites this paper
• Color appearance rating of familiar real objects under immersive viewing conditions

  2018cites this paper
• Categorical color constancy under RGB-LED light sources

  2018cites this paper
• 65-1: Maximum Comfortable Luminance of Head Mounted Display under Various Surround Illuminances

  2018cites this paper
• Observer preference for perceived illumination chromaticity

  2018cites this paper
• Spatio-chromatic sensitivity explained by post-receptoral contrast.

  2018cites this paper
• Serving Duplicates in a Single Session Can Selectively Improve Sensitivity of Duplicated Intensity Ranking Tests.

  2018cites this paper
• Color Perception: Objects, Constancy, and Categories.

  2018cites this paper
• Study of chromatic adaptation via neutral white matches on different viewing media.

  2018cites this paper
• Image Processing and Analysis of Mucosal Calretinin Staining to Define the Transition Zone in Hirschsprung Disease: A Pilot Study

  2018cites this paper
• Perception is shaped along the (L+M)–S axis (and possibly confused with a memory color effect)

  2018influential citation
• Brightness Model for Neutral Self-Luminous Stimuli and Backgrounds

  2018influential citation
• Human perceptions of colour rendition at different chromaticities

  2018cites this paper
• What predicts the strength of simultaneous color contrast?

  2017cites this paper
• Color Vision in Color Display Night Vision Goggles.

  2017cites this paper
• Human perceptions of colour rendition vary with average fidelity, average gamut, and gamut shape

  2017cites this paper
• Statistical and Technical Methodologies for Duplicated Multiple-Samples Preference and Attribute Intensity Sensory Ranking Test

  2017cites this paper
• The Verriest Lecture: Short-wave-sensitive cone pathways across the life span.

  2016cites this paper
• Dissociation of equilibrium points for color-discrimination and color-appearance mechanisms in incomplete chromatic adaptation.

  2016cites this paper