Inflammatory cytokines in pulmonary hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension is an “umbrella term” used for a spectrum of entities resulting in an elevation of the pulmonary arterial pressure. Clinical symptoms include dyspnea and fatigue which in the absence of adequate therapeutic intervention may lead to progressive right heart failure and death. The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension is characterized by three major processes including vasoconstriction, vascular remodeling and microthrombotic events. In addition accumulating evidence point to a cytokine driven inflammatory process as a major contributor to the development of pulmonary hypertension.This review summarizes the latest clinical and experimental developments in inflammation associated with pulmonary hypertension with special focus on Interleukin-6, and its role in vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension.

• Publication year

  2014

• Venue

  Respiratory Research

• Publication date

  2014-04-16

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1186/1465-9921-15-47PMID 24739042PMCID 4002553
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• AntagomiR directed against miR-20a restores functional BMPR2 signalling and prevents vascular remodelling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.

  2014cited by this paper
• Monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension is attenuated by TNF-α antagonists via the suppression of TNF-α expression and NF-κB pathway in rats.

  2013cited by this paper
• Pulmonary arterial hypertension

  2013cited by this paper
• IL-13 receptor α2-arginase 2 pathway mediates IL-13-induced pulmonary hypertension.

  2013cited by this paper
• Professional killer cell deficiencies and decreased survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension

  2013cited by this paper
• Inhibition of microRNA-17 improves lung and heart function in experimental pulmonary hypertension.

  2012cited by this paper
• Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Adult-Onset Still's Disease: Rapid Response to Anakinra

  2012cited by this paper
• Immune and inflammatory cell involvement in the pathology of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.

  2012cited by this paper
• Type I immune response cytokine-chemokine cascade is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

  2012cited by this paper
• Inflammation in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

  2012cited by this paper
• Interplay of macrophages and T cells in the lung vasculature.

  2012cited by this paper
• Modern age pathology of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

  2012cited by this paper
• Experimental and transgenic models of pulmonary hypertension.

  2011cited by this paper
• Lack of CCR7 induces pulmonary hypertension involving perivascular leukocyte infiltration and inflammation.

  2011cited by this paper
• MicroRNA-18a Enhances the Interleukin-6-mediated Production of the Acute-phase Proteins Fibrinogen and Haptoglobin in Human Hepatocytes*

  2011cited by this paper
• Abnormal plasma levels of different angiogenic molecules are associated with different clinical manifestations in patients with systemic sclerosis.

  2011cited by this paper
• Early Macrophage Recruitment and Alternative Activation Are Critical for the Later Development of Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension

  2011cited by this paper
• Regulatory T cells and pulmonary hypertension.

  2011cited by this paper
• Pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibition by the inflammatory cytokine TNFα contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension

  2011cited by this paper
• Plasma Cytokines and Portopulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Cirrhosis Waiting for Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

  2010cited by this paper
• Schistosomiasis-induced experimental pulmonary hypertension: role of interleukin-13 signaling.

  2010influential reference
• Elevated Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines Predict Survival in Idiopathic and Familial Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

  2010influential reference
• Interleukin-6 Overexpression Induces Pulmonary Hypertension

  2009influential reference
• Role for interleukin-6 in COPD-related pulmonary hypertension.

  2009cited by this paper
• Updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension.

  2009influential reference
• Interleukin-6 Modulates the Expression of the Bone Morphogenic Protein Receptor Type II Through a Novel STAT3–microRNA Cluster 17/92 Pathway

  2009cited by this paper
• Macrophages: promising targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

  2009cited by this paper
• Impact of interleukin-6 on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and lung inflammation in mice

  2009influential reference
• Growth factors and interleukin-6 across the lung circulation in pulmonary hypertension

  2009cited by this paper
• Cytokine secretion in macrophages and other cells: pathways and mediators.

  2009cited by this paper
• Recent advances in arginine metabolism: roles and regulation of the arginases.

  2009cited by this paper
• CCL2 and Interleukin-6 Promote Survival of Human CD11b+ Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Induce M2-type Macrophage Polarization*

  2009cited by this paper
• Effects of TNF-alpha blockade in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.

  2008cited by this paper
• Peripheral blood B lymphocytes derived from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension express a different RNA pattern compared with healthy controls: a cross sectional study

  2008cited by this paper
• Clinical risk factors for portopulmonary hypertension

  2008cited by this paper
• CCR7 deficiency causes ectopic lymphoid neogenesis and disturbed mucosal tissue integrity.

  2007cited by this paper
• Dysregulated Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling in Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

  2007cited by this paper
• Interleukin-10 Expression Mediated by an Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Prevents Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats

  2007cited by this paper
• Relationship of matrix metalloproteinase mRNA expression and genetic polymorphisms to emphysema.

  2006cited by this paper
• Downregulation of type II bone morphogenetic protein receptor in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

  2006cited by this paper
• Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism confers susceptibility to pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

  2006cited by this paper
• Pulmonary arterial hypertension

  2006cited by this paper
• Etanercept Reduces Late Endotoxin-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in the Pig

  2006cited by this paper
• Systemic inflammation in patients with COPD and pulmonary hypertension.

  2006cited by this paper
• Interleukin-6 causes mild pulmonary hypertension and augments hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice.

  2005cited by this paper
• Autocrine Role of Interleukin-8 in Induction of Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Survival, Migration and MMP-2 Production and Angiogenesis

  2005cited by this paper
• Increased arginase II and decreased NO synthesis in endothelial cells of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension

  2004cited by this paper
• Interleukin-1beta, transforming growth factor-beta1, and bradykinin attenuate cyclic AMP production by human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in response to prostacyclin analogues and prostaglandin E2 by cyclooxygenase-2 induction and downregulation of adenylyl cyclase isoforms 1, 2, and 4.

  2004cited by this paper
• Gene microarray analysis of peripheral blood cells in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

  2004cited by this paper
• Fibrotic disease and the TH1/TH2 paradigm

  2004cited by this paper
• Fibrotic disease and the T(H)1/T(H)2 paradigm.

  2004cited by this paper
• Adenoviral interleukin‐12 gene transduction into human bronchial epithelial cells: up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and its prevention by corticosteroids

  2003cited by this paper
• SERIES 0 ADVANCES IN PATHOBIOLOGY , DIAGNOSIS , AND TREATMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION 0

  2003cited by this paper
• Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Trial of Infliximab, a Chimeric Monoclonal Antibody to Tumor Necrosis Factor-&agr;, in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Heart Failure: Results of the Anti-TNF Therapy Against Congestive Heart failure (ATTACH) Trial

  2003cited by this paper
• Effects of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor on prostacyclin synthesis in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

  2003cited by this paper
• Dissection of experimental asthma with DNA microarray analysis identifies arginase in asthma pathogenesis.

  2003cited by this paper
• Effect of bradykinin, TGF-beta1, IL-1beta, and hypoxia on COX-2 expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.

  2002influential reference
• Pulmonary hypertension associated with connective tissue disease.

  2002cited by this paper
• Chemokine RANTES in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.

  2002cited by this paper
• Effect of bradykinin, TGF-β1, IL-1β, and hypoxia on COX-2 expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

  2002cited by this paper
• CX3C Chemokine Fractalkine in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

  2002cited by this paper
• Induction of higher expression of IL-beta and TNF-alpha, lower expression of IL-10 and cyclic guanosine monophosphate by pulmonary arterial hypertension following cardiopulmonary bypass.

  2002cited by this paper
• CX(3)C chemokine fractalkine in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

  2002cited by this paper
• Overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha produces an increase in lung volumes and pulmonary hypertension.

  2001cited by this paper
• Prostacyclin synthase expression is decreased in lungs from patients with severe pulmonary hypertension.

  1999influential reference
• Monocrotaline induces interleukin-6 mRNA expression in rat lungs.

  1999cited by this paper
• Inflammatory cytokines in BAL fluid and pulmonary hemodynamics in high-altitude pulmonary edema.

  1998cited by this paper
• Hyperthyroidism and pulmonary hypertension

  1998cited by this paper
• Pathogenesis and evolution of plexiform lesions in pulmonary hypertension associated with scleroderma and human immunodeficiency virus infection.

  1997cited by this paper
• Cytokines and lipopolysaccharide enhance basal and thrombin-stimulated production of PGI2 by cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.

  1997cited by this paper
• Hyperthyroidism and pulmonary hypertension

  1997cited by this paper
• Increased interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 serum concentrations in severe primary pulmonary hypertension.

  1995cited by this paper
• Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist treatment reduces pulmonary hypertension generated in rats by monocrotaline.

  1994cited by this paper
• Acute and long-term TNF-alpha administration increases pulmonary vascular reactivity in isolated rat lungs.

  1992cited by this paper
• Antinuclear antibodies in primary pulmonary hypertension.

  1986cited by this paper

• Gut Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Murine Models and Human Microbial Signatures, Pathogenic Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Avenues

  2026cites this paper
• Pyridoxamine Attenuates PAH by Inhibiting the Receptor for Advanced Glycation end Products in Macrophages

  2026cites this paper
• Hydrogen sulfide as a new therapeutic target of pulmonary hypertension: an overview with update on immunomodulation

  2025cites this paper
• Epigenetic Control of Alveolar Macrophages: Impact on Lung Health and Disease

  2025cites this paper
• Insulin-like growth factor family and its impact on pulmonary arterial hypertension: a review

  2025cites this paper
• Depression in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes, Treatment Interactions, and Emerging Technologies

  2025cites this paper
• Different Effects of Riociguat and Vericiguat on Pulmonary Vessels and Airways

  2025cites this paper
• Chinese Herbal Medicine in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension Treatment: Mechanisms, Progress, and Future Directions

  2025cites this paper
• Post-transcriptional regulation of IFI16 promotes inflammatory endothelial pathophenotypes observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension

  2024cites this paper
• Thoracic CT imaging in obesity: Technical Challenges, imaging findings and future outlook

  2024cites this paper
• Immunotherapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From the Pathogenesis to Clinical Management

  2024cites this paper
• Down syndrome and postoperative hemodynamics in patients undergoing surgery for congenital cardiac communications

  2024cites this paper
• A peripheral system disease-Pulmonary hypertension.

  2024cites this paper
• Understanding pulmonary hypertension: the need for an integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics approach.

  2024cites this paper
• Ethanol-induced lung and cardiac right ventricular inflammation and remodeling underlie progression to pulmonary arterial hypertension.

  2024cites this paper
• Targeted Rapamycin Delivery via Magnetic Nanoparticles to Address Stenosis in a 3D Bioprinted in Vitro Model of Pulmonary Veins

  2024cites this paper
• The role of immune cells and inflammation in pulmonary hypertension: mechanisms and implications

  2024cites this paper
• [Nerve growth factor (NGF) in pulmonary hypertension (PH)].

  2024cites this paper
• Endothelial periostin regulates vascular remodeling by promoting endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension

  2024cites this paper
• Relationship Between Pulmonary Artery Pressure and Inflammation Parameters

  2024cites this paper
• In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of D-Limonene in a Rat Model of Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: Implications to the Heart Function

  2024cites this paper
• Atividade Anti-Inflamatória In Vivo do D-Limoneno em um Modelo de Hipertensão Pulmonar Induzida por Monocrotalina em Ratos: Implicações à Função Cardíaca

  2024cites this paper
• Post-transcriptional regulation of IFI16 promotes inflammatory endothelial pathophenotypes observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

  2024cites this paper
• Pathology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with particular focus on vascular endothelium and epithelial injury and their therapeutic potential.

  2024cites this paper
• Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytokine-Based Risk Stratification of Clinically Stable Lung Transplant Recipients with Undefined Rejection: Further Insights from a Follow-Up Investigation.

  2024cites this paper
• Magnetic nanoradiotracers for targeted neutrophil detection in pulmonary arterial hypertension

  2024cites this paper
• A bovine model of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension reveals a gradient of immune and matrisome response with a complement signature found in circulation.

  2024cites this paper
• Natural Products for the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension: Mechanism, Progress, and Future Opportunities

  2023influential citation
• Analysis of characteristics related to interstitial lung disease or pulmonary hypertension in patients with dermatomyositis

  2023cites this paper
• Management of respiratory failure in immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced overlap syndrome: a case series and review of the literature

  2023cites this paper
• In the Search for Biomarkers of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Are Cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-Gamma the Right Indicators to Use?

  2023cites this paper
• The small‐molecule formyl peptide receptor biased agonist, compound 17b, is a vasodilator and anti‐inflammatory in mouse precision‐cut lung slices

  2023cites this paper
• A review of cardio-pulmonary microvascular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension

  2023cites this paper
• S1P/S1PR signaling pathway advancements in autoimmune diseases

  2023cites this paper
• The ST2/IL-33 Pathway in Adult and Paediatric Heart Disease and Transplantation

  2023influential citation
• Updated perspective of EPAS1 and the role in pulmonary hypertension

  2023cites this paper
• Study of the Relation between Il-6, Insulin Resistance, and Blood Pressure in Essential Hypertensive Patients

  2022cites this paper
• Impact of Rapid Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery in Systemic Inflammatory Response and Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Severely Obese Subjects with Pulmonary Hypertension.

  2022cites this paper
• The Association of Body Mass Index With Mortality Among Pulmonary Hypertension Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies

  2022cites this paper
• Immunity and Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From Pathophysiology Mechanisms to Treatment Perspective.

  2022cites this paper
• Cytokine profiling in pulmonary arterial hypertension: the role of redox homeostasis and sex

  2022cites this paper
• Paeoniflorin attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats by suppressing TAK1-MAPK/NF-κB pathways

  2022cites this paper
• Factors Associated With Postreperfusion Syndrome in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Study

  2022cites this paper
• Uni-ventricular palliation vs. bi-ventricular repair: differential inflammatory response

  2022cites this paper
• G6PD is a critical enabler of hypoxia-induced accumulation of macrophages and platelets in mice lungs and contributor to lung inflammation.

  2022cites this paper
• Important Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Pulmonary Hypertension

  2022cites this paper
• Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vascular Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension and Implications for Novel Therapies.

  2022cites this paper
• Mechanotransduction Regulates the Interplays Between Alveolar Epithelial and Vascular Endothelial Cells in Lung

  2022cites this paper
• Management of respiratory failure in immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced overlap syndrome: A case series

  2022cites this paper
• Prevalence, Risk Factors and Intervention for Depression and Anxiety in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

  2022cites this paper
• Noncanonical HIPPO/MST Signaling via BUB3 and FOXO Drives Pulmonary Vascular Cell Growth and Survival

  2022cites this paper
• Arterial partial pressure of oxygen and procalcitonin levels correlate with pulmonary artery systolic pressure in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

  2022cites this paper
• The Pathobiology of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

  2022cites this paper
• The Effect of Tea Epiphyte (Scurrula atropurpurea BI. Dans) and Mango Epiphyte (Dendrophthoe petandra) Combination on CD4, CD8, IL-10, and TNF-α Levels in Hypertension Rats

  2022cites this paper
• Computational platform for doctor–artificial intelligence cooperation in pulmonary arterial hypertension prognostication: a pilot study

  2022cites this paper
• A study of the efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan plus dapagliflozin combination treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension due to left heart disease

  2022cites this paper
• Comprehensive analysis and validation of novel immune and vascular remodeling related genes signature associated with drug interactions in pulmonary arterial hypertension

  2022cites this paper
• ADAM33 Silencing Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Regulates Cytokine Secretion in Airway Vascular Remodeling via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

  2022cites this paper
• Cigarette smoke extract stimulates human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation: Role of inflammation and oxidative stress

  2022cites this paper
• Mice with humanized immune system as novel models to study HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension

  2022cites this paper
• Astragaloside IV in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension: an In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments

  2022cites this paper
• Budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate triple therapy prevents pulmonary hypertension in a COPD mouse model via NFκB inactivation

  2022cites this paper
• A Brief Review on Gender Differences in Mexican-Mestizo Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) at a Tertiary-Level Hospital.

  2022cites this paper
• Graph Representation Forecasting of Patient's Medical Conditions: Toward a Digital Twin

  2021cites this paper
• Novel Pharmacological Targets for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

  2021cites this paper
• Impairment of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in acute respiratory distress syndrome

  2021cites this paper
• Characterization of a New Monocrotaline Rat Model to Study Chronic Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension.

  2021cites this paper
• Single-cell transcriptomic profile of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells in health and pulmonary arterial hypertension

  2021cites this paper
• Inflammatory markers in Eisenmenger syndrome and their association with clinical outcomes. A cross-sectional comparative study.

  2021cites this paper
• TIFA protein expression is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension

  2021influential citation
• Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

  2021cites this paper
• Role of Interleukin-6 in Vascular Health and Disease

  2021cites this paper
• Emerging Role of the Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Hypertension

  2021cites this paper
• Mechanisms of Pulmonary Hypertension in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

  2021cites this paper
• Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension: Cause or Consequence?

  2021cites this paper
• Ubiquinol ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and increases expression of miRNA-34a in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension

  2021cites this paper
• Reversal of pulmonary arterial hypertension and neointimal formation by kinin B1 receptor blockade

  2021cites this paper
• Beyond TGFβ1 - novel treatment strategies targeting lung fibrosis.

  2021cites this paper
• Innovative Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-resolving Strategies for Pulmonary Hypertension: High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia Award 2019

  2021cites this paper
• Perillyle alcohol and Quercetin ameliorate monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery hypertension in rats through PARP1-mediated miR-204 down-regulation and its downstream pathway

  2020cites this paper
• The Role of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-10 in Tissue Fibrosis

  2020cites this paper
• Resveratrol Prevents Right Ventricle Remodeling and Dysfunction in Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension with a Limited Improvement in the Lung Vasculature

  2020cites this paper
• Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome to treat cardiovascular fibrosis.

  2020cites this paper
• Novel Mutations and Decreased Expression of the Epigenetic Regulator TET2 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

  2020cites this paper
• Endogenous hydrogen sulfide improves vascular remodeling through PPARδ/SOCS3 signaling

  2020cites this paper
• Long Range Endocrine Delivery of Circulating miR-210 to Endothelium Promotes Pulmonary Hypertension

  2020cites this paper
• Obesity, Systemic Hypertension, and Pulmonary Hypertension: A Tale of Three Diseases.

  2020cites this paper
• MnTBAP Reverses Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Function in Experimentally Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

  2020cites this paper
• Novel insights on the pulmonary vascular consequences of COVID-19

  2020cites this paper
• Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

  2020cites this paper
• Mechanistic regulation of SPHK1 expression and translocation by EMAP II in pulmonary smooth muscle cells.

  2020cites this paper
• NOVEL BIOMARKERS OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA AND BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA-ASSOCIATED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

  2020cites this paper
• Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Inflammation Play Key Roles in Cyclophilin A–Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

  2020influential citation
• The role of macrophages in pulmonary hypertension: Pathogenesis and targeting.

  2020cites this paper
• Targeting HIF2α-ARNT hetero-dimerisation as a novel therapeutic strategy for pulmonary arterial hypertension

  2020cites this paper
• Targeting Jak-Stat Signaling in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension.

  2020cites this paper
• Soluble ST2 protein as a new biomarker in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension

  2020cites this paper
• AAV1-Mediated shRNA Knockdown of SASH1 in Rat Bronchus Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Artery Remodeling

  2020cites this paper
• Perillyl alcohol suppresses monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats via anti-remodeling, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects

  2020cites this paper
• Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Pulmonary Vascular Diseases

  2020cites this paper