The tRNA Epitranscriptome and Diabetes: Emergence of tRNA Hypomodifications as a Cause of Pancreatic β-Cell Failure.

tRNAs are crucial noncoding RNA molecules that serve as amino acid carriers during protein synthesis. The transcription of tRNA genes is a highly regulated process. The tRNA pool is tissue and cell specific, it varies during development, and it is modulated by the environment. tRNAs are highly posttranscriptionally modified by specific tRNA-modifying enzymes. The tRNA modification signature of a cell determines the tRNA epitranscriptome. Perturbations in the tRNA epitranscriptome, as a consequence of mutations in tRNAs and tRNA-modifying enzymes or environmental exposure, have been associated with human disease, including diabetes. tRNA fragmentation induced by impaired tRNA modifications or dietary factors has been linked to pancreatic β-cell demise and paternal inheritance of metabolic traits. Herein, we review recent findings that associate tRNA epitranscriptome perturbations with diabetes.

• Publication year

  2019

• Venue

  Endocrinology

• Publication date

  2019-05-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1210/en.2019-00098PMID 30907926
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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