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Design of Red Phosphorus Nanostructured Electrode for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries with High Energy Density

Yongming Sun,L. Wang,Yanbin Li,Yuzhang Li,H. Lee,Allen Pei,Xiangming He,Yi Cui

Published 2019 in Joule

ABSTRACT

Summary We propose that red phosphorus (P) is an ideal anode material for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of the combined advantages of high capacity (6,075 mAh cm−3) and relatively low yet safe lithiation potential (∼0.7 V versus Li/Li+). A red P/C nanocomposite has been fabricated, featuring amorphous red P nanodomains embedded in the nanopores of micrometer-scale porous conductive carbon with interior nanoscale void spaces, a conductive P-free carbon superficial layer, and a high tap density of 1.0 g cm−3. At an industrial-level areal capacity (3 mAh cm−2 or higher), a P/C electrode shows considerably better fast-charging capability than commercial graphite and Li4Ti5O12 electrodes, as well as much higher volumetric capacity and specific capacity based on the whole electrode. Meanwhile, our P/C electrode shows excellent long-term cycling stability with Coulombic efficiency of 100.0% (±0.1%) and 90% capacity retention from the 5th to 500th cycles.

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