The White standard: racial bias in leader categorization.

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2008

• Venue

  Journal of Applied Psychology

• Publication date

  2008-07-01

• Fields of study

  Sociology, Business, Medicine, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1037/0021-9010.93.4.758PMID 18642982
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Romance of Leadership

  2009cited by this paper
• THE LEADERSHIP CHALLENGE: How to Get Extraordinary Things Done in Organizations

  2008cited by this paper
• LEADERSHIP AND PERFORMANCE BEYOND EXPECTATIONS

  2008cited by this paper
• Multiple Origins, Uncertain Destinies: Hispanics and the American Future

  2007influential reference
• Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination

  2007cited by this paper
• When fit is fundamental: performance evaluations and promotions of upper-level female and male managers.

  2006cited by this paper
• Uncovering the white place: whitewashing at work

  2006cited by this paper
• A special gift we bestow on you for being representative of us: Considering leader charisma from a self-categorization perspective.

  2006cited by this paper
• Female first, leader second? Gender bias in the encoding of leadership behavior

  2006influential reference
• Small Groups: Key Readings

  2006cited by this paper
• The Art of Inclusion: Success Stories of African Americans in the Nonprofit Sector

  2006cited by this paper
• Documenting Desegregation: Segregation in American Workplaces by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex, 1966–2003

  2006cited by this paper
• Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics

  2006cited by this paper
• GOING BEYOND THE INFORMATION GIVEN

  2006cited by this paper
• Demographic category membership and leadership in small groups: A social identity analysis

  2006cited by this paper
• Leader group prototypicality and leadership effectiveness: The moderating role of need for cognitive closure

  2005cited by this paper
• Leader self-sacrifice and leadership effectiveness: the moderating role of leader prototypicality.

  2005cited by this paper
• The Camouflage Effect: Separating Achieved Status and Unearned Privilege in Organizations

  2005cited by this paper
• GENDER, RACE, AND MERITOCRACY IN ORGANIZATIONAL CAREERS.

  2005cited by this paper
• Thinking : psychological perspectives on reasoning, judgment and decision making

  2005cited by this paper
• Are We There Yet? An Assessment of Fit Between Stereotypes of Minority Managers and the Successful‐Manager Prototype

  2005cited by this paper
• Leader self-sacrifice and leadership effectiveness: the moderating role of leader prototypicality.

  2005cited by this paper
• Design and Analysis: A Researcher's Handbook

  2005cited by this paper
• Nice to Know You? Testing Contact, Cultural, and Group Threat Theories of Anti-Black and Anti-Hispanic Stereotypes

  2004cited by this paper
• The Aversive Racism Paradigm and Responses Favoring African Americans: Meta-Analytic Evidence of Two Types of Favoritism

  2004cited by this paper
• Naive and Yet Enlightened: From Natural Frequencies to Fast and Frugal Decision Trees

  2003cited by this paper
• Cross-cultural variations in leadership perceptions and attribution of charisma to the leader

  2003influential reference
• When do stereotypes come to mind and when do they color judgment? A goal-based theoretical framework for stereotype activation and application.

  2003influential reference
• r equivalent: A simple effect size indicator.

  2003cited by this paper
• Logistic Regression: A Self-Learning Text

  2003influential reference
• Categories and Concepts

  2003cited by this paper
• A perspective on judgment and choice: mapping bounded rationality.

  2003influential reference
• Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders.

  2002influential reference
• The Illusion of Leadership: Misattribution of Cause in Coordination Games

  2001cited by this paper
• When Leaders Have Character: Need for Leadership, Performance, and the Attribution of Leadership

  2001cited by this paper
• Contrasts and Effect Sizes in Behavioral Research: A Correlational Approach

  2001cited by this paper
• Role of Organizational Identification on Implicit Leadership Theories (ILTs), Transformational Leadership and Work Attitudes

  2001cited by this paper
• A Social Identity Theory of Leadership

  2001cited by this paper
• A Social Identity Analysis of Leadership Endorsement: The Effects of Leader Ingroup Prototypicality and Distributive Intergroup Fairness

  2001cited by this paper
• Exploring the relationship of leadership skills and knowledge to leader performance

  2000cited by this paper
• Aversive Racism and Selection Decisions: 1989 and 1999

  2000cited by this paper
• The American community survey.

  2000cited by this paper
• Economic Insecurity, Prejudicial Stereotypes, and Public Opinion on Immigration Policy

  2000cited by this paper
• Glass Ceilings and Asian Americans: The New Face of Workplace Barriers

  2000influential reference
• Breaking Through: The Making of Minority Executives in Corporate America

  1999cited by this paper
• Glass Ceilings and Glass Escalators

  1999influential reference
• A model of probabilistic category learning.

  1999cited by this paper
• Factors Affecting Health‐Care Allocation Decisions: A Case of Aversive Racism?

  1998cited by this paper
• Test Of Leadership

  1997cited by this paper
• Does cream always rise to the top? An investigation of career attainment determinants

  1997cited by this paper
• Effect Of Race On Promotions To Top Management In A Federal Department

  1997cited by this paper
• Self-Categorization and Leadership: Effects of Group Prototypicality and Leader Stereotypicality

  1997cited by this paper
• Leadership challenge.

  1996cited by this paper
• Privilege Revealed: How Invisible Preference Undermines America

  1996cited by this paper
• Stereotypes and Stereotyping

  1996cited by this paper
• FORMING IMPRESSIONS FROM STEREOTYPES, TRAITS, AND BEHAVIORS : A PARALLEL-CONSTRAINT-SATISFACTION THEORY

  1996cited by this paper
• Personal beliefs and cultural stereotypes about racial characteristics.

  1996cited by this paper
• Are Racial Stereotypes Really Fading? The Princeton Trilogy Revisited

  1995influential reference
• Racial Stereotypes From the Days of American Slavery: A Continuing Legacy1

  1995cited by this paper
• Behind the Model‐Minority Stereotype: Voices of High‐ and Low‐Achieving Asian American Students

  1994cited by this paper
• Memory-Based Judgments About Multiple Categories: A Revision and Extension of Tajfel's Accentuation Theory

  1994cited by this paper
• Social judgeability : the impact of meta-informational cues on the use of stereotypes

  1994cited by this paper
• Sex bias in the naming of stimulus persons.

  1993cited by this paper
• Job Performance Attributions and Career Advancement Prospects: An Examination of Gender and Race Effects

  1993cited by this paper
• The Social Judgeability Approach to Stereotypes

  1992cited by this paper
• Race effects in performance evaluations: Controlling for ability, education, and experience.

  1991cited by this paper
• Measurement of Racial Stereotype Subtyping

  1991cited by this paper
• Applied social psychology and organizational settings

  1991cited by this paper
• The Effects of Prototype-Based Biases on Leadership Appraisals

  1991influential reference
• Leadership: do traits matter?

  1991cited by this paper
• Strangers From A Different Shore: A History of Asian Americans.

  1990influential reference
• Effects of Race on Organizational Experiences, Job Performance Evaluations, and Career Outcomes

  1990cited by this paper
• The ‘success’ image of Asian Americans: Its validity, and its practical and theoretical implications 1

  1989cited by this paper
• Has anything changed? Current characterizations of men, women, and managers.

  1989influential reference
• The Relationship Between Sex Role Stereotypes And Requisite Management Characteristics Revisited

  1989cited by this paper
• Leader prototypes and prototype-contingent consensus in leader behavior descriptions.

  1988cited by this paper
• Harvard Business Review: David M. Georgoff and Robert G. Murdick, manager's guide to forecasting, 64 (Jan-Feb.) (1986) 110-120

  1988cited by this paper
• The Romance of Leadership and The Evaluation of Organizational Performance

  1987cited by this paper
• The Leadership Challenge: How To Get Extraordinary Things Done in Organizations. First Edition. The Jossey-Bass Management Series.

  1987cited by this paper
• Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things

  1987cited by this paper
• Prototypes and scripts: The effects of alternative methods of processing information on rating accuracy

  1987cited by this paper
• Group Processes and Intergroup Relations

  1987cited by this paper
• Helping and the avoidance of inappropriate interracial behavior: a strategy that perpetuates a nonprejudiced self-image

  1986cited by this paper
• Psychology of intergroup relations

  1986cited by this paper
• Study of race effects in objective indices and subjective evaluations of performance: A meta-analysis of performance criteria.

  1986cited by this paper
• A meta-analysis of the relation between personality traits and leadership perceptions: an application of validity generalization procedures

  1986cited by this paper
• Differential Performance Appraisal Criteria: A Field Study of Black and White Managers

  1986cited by this paper
• Helping and the avoidance of inappropriate interracial behavior: A strategy that perpetuates a nonprejudiced self-image.

  1986cited by this paper
• Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge

  1985cited by this paper
• An information processing approach to social perceptions, leadership and behavioral measurement in organizations.

  1985cited by this paper
• Schematic Bases of Belief Change

  1984cited by this paper
• Stereotyping Hispanics: The Differential Effect of Research Method, Label, and Degree of Contact

  1984influential reference
• A test of leadership categorization theory: Internal structure, information processing, and leadership perceptions

  1984cited by this paper
• The accuracy of leadership ratings: A cognitive categorization perspective☆

  1984influential reference
• Schematic information processing and perceptions of leadership in problem-solving groups.

  1982cited by this paper
• Effects of leadership labels and prototypes on perceptions of political leaders.

  1982cited by this paper
• Leadership, beyond establishment views

  1982cited by this paper
• Causal attributions and perceptions of leadership

  1981cited by this paper
• Effects of a temporal delay in rating on leader behavior descriptions: A laboratory investigation.

  1981cited by this paper
• Cognition and Categorization

  1980cited by this paper

• Intersectional Relational Identity: Co-Creating Work Relationships Across Differences

  2026cites this paper
• Better when I'm dancin' - The role of dynamic cues, sex and sexual dimorphism in social perception.

  2026cites this paper
• US presidential leader prototypes and candidate profiles in relation to gender stereotypes during the Trump era

  2026cites this paper
• Only attractive women are welcome: Board bias and CEO selection

  2026cites this paper
• Atypical entrepreneurs in the venture idea elaboration phase

  2025cites this paper
• Race and leadership suitability in multiracial churches: An experimental exploration

  2025cites this paper
• Context is key: Using intersectionality and sensemaking to unlock new doors in leadership theory

  2025cites this paper
• Too young to lead? Role incongruity explains age bias against young leaders

  2025cites this paper
• Practicing wholeness: how Black women in academia defy devaluation and claim their worth

  2025cites this paper
• Does organizational performance always impact the emergence of Asian American leaders? Using replication to examine how leadership prototypes impact perceptions of fit

  2025cites this paper
• When a Star Shines Too Bright: The Impact of a High-Status Minority Member on Pursuing Diversity Goals

  2025cites this paper
• The Six Dimensions of Strong Theory

  2025cites this paper
• Does expressing uncertainty help or harm leaders?

  2025cites this paper
• The role of expectancy violation in the selection of Latino professionals

  2025cites this paper
• Mayor Pete is Smart and Elizabeth Warren is Unlikable? Coverage of Warmth and Competence Traits in the 2020 Democratic Presidential Primary

  2025cites this paper
• Climat de diversité et leadership authentique : l’effet médiateur du stéréotype masculin du leader

  2025cites this paper
• Who’s Behind the Red Suit? Exploring Role Prototypicality within Calling Enactment among Professional Santas

  2025cites this paper
• Sociocultural factors matter: the effects of gender and racio-ethnicity on attributions of character and associated behaviors

  2025cites this paper
• From Human Bias to Robot Choice: How Occupational Contexts and Racial Priming Shape Robot Selection

  2025cites this paper
• Bureaucratic Representation May Lead to Less Discriminatory Outcomes for American Indian and Two-Spirit Youth: Evidence from an Online Experiment on School Criminalization

  2025cites this paper
• The Moral Case Revisited: Moral Framing as a Double-Edged Sword for Motivating Majority Group Leaders to Support DEI

  2025cites this paper
• Exploring racialised minority women’s lived experiences of negotiating sports boardroom positions in the UK

  2025influential citation
• Is “being white” a component of the superhero prototype? Perhaps, but research participants won’t tell you that

  2025cites this paper
• The Beauty Bias and Leader Emergence: A Theoretical Integration, Extension, and Meta-Analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Gender inequalities in wages and access to employment in Senegal: discrimination or productive capacity

  2025cites this paper
• Embracing Change Through Team Diversity: The Impact of Age Diversity on Civil Servants’ Perceptions of Organizational Change

  2025cites this paper
• Stay Woke: Why Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion are Essential for Good Policy, and Why We Must Go Further

  2025cites this paper
• A Summer of Protest: Using Event System Theory To Test an Intersectional Leadership Advantage

  2024cites this paper
• Social inattentional blindness to idea stealing in meetings

  2024cites this paper
• Think star, think men? Implicit star performer theories

  2024cites this paper
• Designing, executing, and publishing replication research: Best practices for successfully taking replication ideas from conceptualization to publication

  2024influential citation
• The professional backstaging of diversity in journalism

  2024cites this paper
• The Black Lives Matter movement mitigates bias against racial minority actors

  2024cites this paper
• Prototypes of Victims of Workplace Harassment

  2024cites this paper
• The Sound of Support: Gendered Voice Agent as Support to Minority Teammates in Gender-Imbalanced Team

  2024cites this paper
• Toward an Intersectional Leadership Identity Development Approach

  2024cites this paper
• THE IRRESISTIBLE FORCE AND THE IMMOVABLE OBJECT Students for Fair Admissions and Workplace DEI

  2024cites this paper
• The (re)production of inequality in evaluations: A unifying framework outlining the drivers of gender and racial differences in evaluative outcomes

  2024cites this paper
• Race, Market Size, Segregation and Subsequent Opportunities for Former NFL Head Coaches

  2024cites this paper
• Whose misbehavior is inexcusable—And which one? Job‐related discrimination against ethnic minority and majority women

  2024cites this paper
• Racial Diversity Influences Community Leadership Identity Development: Homogeneity as a Baseline for Measurement

  2024cites this paper
• An intersectionality perspective of Organizational stereotypes and Interpersonal dynamics

  2024cites this paper
• Black or White? It depends where you work: organization type influences how a racially ambiguous person is racially categorized

  2024cites this paper
• Selective Incivility Toward Black Employees Fuels Social Pain Minimization and Defensive Silence

  2024cites this paper
• Think Manager-Think Male Re-Examined: Race as a Moderator

  2024cites this paper
• Organizational Crisis in Spotlight Increases Preference for Female but not Ethnic Minority Leaders: The Role of Signaling Theory for Glass Cliff Appointments

  2024cites this paper
• An examination of whether and how leader humility enhances leader personal career success

  2024cites this paper
• Do White Women Gain Status for Engaging in Anti-black Racism at Work? An Experimental Examination of Status Conferral

  2024influential citation
• Do sell-side analysts react too pessimistically to bad news for minority-led firms? Evidence from target price valuations

  2024cites this paper
• Multiple status signals in multinational teams: Implications of lingua franca proficiency and task expertise for informal leadership

  2024cites this paper
• Teaching Race in Business Schools: The Challenges and Possibilities of Anti-Racist Education

  2024cites this paper
• Leaders, conflict, and team coordination: a relational leadership approach in temporary organisations

  2024cites this paper
• Glass Ceilings, Step Stools, and Sticky Floors: The Racialized Gendered Promotion Process

  2024cites this paper
• An ally by any other name: Examining the effects of racial minority leaders as allies for advancing racial justice

  2024cites this paper
• “Abuser” or “Tough Love” Boss?: The moderating role of leader performance in shaping the labels employees use in response to abusive supervision

  2024cites this paper
• Trump election and minority CEO pessimism

  2024cites this paper
• Obstacles for marginalized group members in obtaining leadership positions: Threats and opportunities.

  2024cites this paper
• At the Intersection: The Influence of Race on Women’s Leadership Self-Efficacy Development

  2023cites this paper
• Pathways to Legitimacy for Black and White Authorities: Impressions of Competence and Warmth

  2023cites this paper
• More on why Lakisha and Jamal didn’t get interviews: Extending previous findings through a reproducibility study

  2023influential citation
• Conceptualizing the Carrying Function of Community Advisory Boards

  2023cites this paper
• A sociohistorical model of intersectional social category prototypes

  2023cites this paper
• #MeToo, Covid-19 and the new workplace: re-examining institutional discrimination's impact on workplace harassment of expatriates following two exogenous shocks

  2023cites this paper
• Do you get what you desire? Consequences of (mis) fit of desired versus actual servant leadership, and the role of context across 10 countries

  2023cites this paper
• Breaking the Mold-Analyzing Gender Stereotyping in the Workplace Through Bibliometric and Content Analysis

  2023cites this paper
• Impression management goals and job candidate’s race: A test of competing models

  2023cites this paper
• Early-Career Assignments and Workforce Inequality in Engineering

  2023cites this paper
• Language as a source of otherness

  2023cites this paper
• Does blame always shift? Examining the impact of workplace safety communication language on post-accident blame attributions for multiple entities.

  2023cites this paper
• Polyculturalism research should develop further before recommending organizational implementation strategies

  2023cites this paper
• Demographic "Stickiness": The Demographic Identity of Departing Group Members Influences Who Is Chosen to Replace Them

  2023cites this paper
• Sexual Orientation and Race Intersectionally Reduce the Perceived Gendered Nature of Normative Stereotypes in the United States

  2023cites this paper
• What does it mean to follow? A critique of the followership literature and a conceptual model of the emergence of downward following

  2023cites this paper
• Language Patterns in Letters of Recommendation for Residency Applicants in Otolaryngology.

  2023cites this paper
• Implicit measures in leadership categorization theory: the case for using cognitive mapping and verbal protocols to study cross-categorization phenomena

  2023cites this paper
• Disparities in minority executive dismissal: A contingency perspective

  2023influential citation
• A theoretical integration of leader emergence and leadership effectiveness: Over, under, and congruent emergence

  2023cites this paper
• The Oblivious Organization: Understanding Racial Stereotypes in the Public Sector

  2023cites this paper
• Black women's placemaking in undergraduate engineering

  2023cites this paper
• Doing better leadership science via replications and registered reports

  2023cites this paper
• Designing inclusive organizational identities

  2023cites this paper
• A Field Study of Racial Bias in Policing: Implications for Organizational Sciences

  2022cites this paper
• Promoting Diverse Leadership: An Examination of Professional Experiences and Career Advancement Perceptions of Black Women in Higher Education

  2022influential citation
• Social inequalities in leadership: shifting the focus from deficient followers to destructive leaders

  2022cites this paper
• Looking the Part: Stereotypicality in Appearance Among White Professionals Predicts Leadership Attainment and Perceived Leadership Suitability

  2022cites this paper
• Diversité dans la haute hiérarchie des organisations de santé au Canada: étude transversale sur la perception de la race et du genre

  2022cites this paper
• Race and Occupational Mobility in the National Football League

  2022cites this paper
• Quotas, disclosure, and a rule called Rooney: diversity and the NFL as a corporation

  2022cites this paper
• Gender, Race, and Network Advantage in Organizations

  2022cites this paper
• Current Research in Ecological and Social Psychology A five-nation study of the impact of political leaning and perception of crisis severity on the preference for female and minority leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic

  2022cites this paper
• Fighting the 400-Year Pandemic: Racism Against Black People in Organizations

  2022cites this paper
• Whiteness in leadership theorizing: A critical analysis of race in Bass’ transformational leadership theory

  2022influential citation
• When seeking help, women and racial/ethnic minorities benefit from explicitly stating their identity

  2022cites this paper
• Dark faces in white spaces: The effects of skin tone, race, ethnicity, and intergroup preferences on interpersonal judgments and voting behavior

  2022cites this paper
• Bias among managers: Its prevalence across a decade and comparison across occupations

  2022cites this paper
• Granting Leadership to Asian Americans: the Activation of Ideal Leader and Ideal Follower Traits on Observers’ Leadership Perceptions

  2022cites this paper
• Feminist futures in gender-in-leadership research: self-reflexive approximations to intersectional situatedness

  2022cites this paper
• Leader diffuse status and leadership outcomes: Towards an integrative framework

  2022cites this paper
• Managing Unconscious Bias

  2022cites this paper
• “Coalition of the Willing”: Promoting Antiracism Through Empowering Community College Campus Members

  2022cites this paper