BIOLOGICAL ROLES AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE LIPOXYGENASE PATHWAY

H. Gardner

Published 1993 in Hortscience

ABSTRACT

Two branches of the lipoxygenase pathway seem to universally predominate in plants. One such pathway involves chain-cleavage of fatty acid hydroperoxides into aldehydes, and another is chain cyclization of a linolenic hydroperoxide with eventual transformation into jasmonates. The aldehyde pathway, which furnishes green-grassy or cucumber-like odors, is triggered by wounding or pathogen attack. The aldehydes generated are defensive against the growth of pathogenic bacteria/fungi. Recently, the aldehyde pathway has been extended to include the transformation of cis-3-hexenal and cis-3-nonenal into 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, respectively, the latter of which are cytotoxic. The other pathway leads to the biosynthesis of the jasmonate phytohormones. The initial biosynthetic product, 7-isojasmonic acid, becomes converted into jasmonic acid, as well as a large family of related compounds. The jasmonates control diverse physiological processes, such as induction of proteins, defensive enzymes, tuberization, secondary metabolites, and senescence.

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