Organophosphates and carbamates

Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CM) compounds are commonly used as pesticides in agriculture, industry and in homes and gardens. These compounds are also used as parasiticides in veterinary medicine. In addition, some OPs are employed as chemical warfare agents. Both OPs and CMs exert their toxicity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity primarily in the brain and muscles, leading into accumulation of acetylcholine causing hypercholinergic signs due to overstimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. In addition, non-cholinergic mechanisms are involved in cell damage and death. Death of an animal ensues due to respiratory and cardiac failure. Acute poisoning cases are diagnosed based on (1) clinical signs, (2) AChE activity in blood/brain and (3) the residue detection of OPs/CMs. Animals poisoned with CMs are treated with atropine and those poisoned with OPs are treated with atropine and 2-PAM. This chapter describes the toxicity and treatment of anticholinesterase OPs and CMs in animals.

• Publication year

  2022

• Venue

  Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology

• Publication date

  Unknown publication date

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Chemistry, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385926-6.00045-4
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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