AcFT promotes kiwifruit in vitro flowering when overexpressed and Arabidopsis flowering when expressed in the vasculature under its own promoter

Abstract Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) has three FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) genes, AcFT, AcFT1, and AcFT2, with differential expression and potentially divergent roles. AcFT was previously shown to be expressed in source leaves and induced in dormant buds by winter chilling. Here, we show that AcFT promotes flowering in A. chinensis, despite a short sequence insertion not present in other FT‐like genes. A 3.5‐kb AcFT promoter region contained all the regulatory elements required to mediate vascular expression in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). The promoter activation was initially confined to the veins in the distal end of the leaf, before extending to the veins in the base of the leaf, and was detected in inductive and noninductive photoperiods. The 3‐kb and 2.7‐kb promoter regions of AcFT1 and AcFT2, respectively, demonstrated different activation patterns in Arabidopsis, corresponding to differential expression in kiwifruit. Expression of AcFT cDNA from the AcFT promoter was capable to induce early flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis in noninductive photoperiods. Further, expression of AcFT cDNA fused to the green fluorescent protein was detected in the vasculature and was also capable to advance flowering in noninductive photoperiods. Taken together, these studies implicate AcFT in regulation of kiwifruit flowering time and as a candidate for kiwifruit florigen.

• Publication year

  2018

• Venue

  Plant Direct

• Publication date

  2018-07-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1002/PLD3.68PMID 31245732PMCID 6508797
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• AcFT promotes kiwifruit in vitro flowering when overexpressed and Arabidopsis flowering when expressed in the vasculature under its own promoter

  2018cited by this paper
• SVP-like MADS Box Genes Control Dormancy and Budbreak in Apple

  2017cited by this paper
• Three FT and multiple CEN and BFT genes regulate maturity, flowering, and vegetative phenology in kiwifruit

  2017cited by this paper
• FT overexpression induces precocious flowering and normal reproductive development in Eucalyptus.

  2016cited by this paper
• FT and florigen long-distance flowering control in plants.

  2016cited by this paper
• Post-Translational Regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T Protein in Arabidopsis.

  2016cited by this paper
• Functional and expression analyses of kiwifruit SOC1-like genes suggest that they may not have a role in the transition to flowering but may affect the duration of dormancy

  2015cited by this paper
• The FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 Gene Family: Functional Evolution and Molecular Mechanisms.

  2015cited by this paper
• Expression of flowering locus T2 transgene from Pyrus communis L. delays dormancy and leaf senescence in Malus×domestica Borkh, and causes early flowering in tobacco.

  2015cited by this paper
• Enabling photoperiodic control of flowering by timely chromatin silencing of the florigen gene

  2015cited by this paper
• Genetic control of flowering time in legumes

  2015cited by this paper
• Structural Features Determining Flower-Promoting Activity of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T[W][OPEN]

  2014cited by this paper
• ANALYSIS OF KIWIFRUIT MADS BOX GENES WITH POTENTIAL ROLES IN BUD DORMANCY AND FLOWER DEVELOPMENT

  2014cited by this paper
• The cotyledons produce sufficient FT protein to induce flowering: evidence from cotyledon micrografting in Arabidopsis.

  2013cited by this paper
• BRANCHED1 Interacts with FLOWERING LOCUS T to Repress the Floral Transition of the Axillary Meristems in Arabidopsis[C][W][OA]

  2013cited by this paper
• The Fast-track breeding approach can be improved by heat-induced expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T genes from poplar (Populus trichocarpa) in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

  2013cited by this paper
• Homologs of FT, CEN and FD respond to developmental and environmental signals affecting growth and flowering in the perennial vine kiwifruit.

  2013cited by this paper
• The Vaccinium corymbosumFLOWERING LOCUS T-like gene (VcFT): a flowering activator reverses photoperiodic and chilling requirements in blueberry

  2013cited by this paper
• FT genes and regulation of flowering in the legume Medicago truncatula.

  2013cited by this paper
• Draft genome of the kiwifruit Actinidia chinensis

  2013cited by this paper
• The genetic basis of flowering responses to seasonal cues

  2012cited by this paper
• The multifaceted roles of FLOWERING LOCUS T in plant development.

  2012cited by this paper
• Plum (Prunus domestica) Trees Transformed with Poplar FT1 Result in Altered Architecture, Dormancy Requirement, and Continuous Flowering

  2012cited by this paper
• Conservation and divergence of four kiwifruit SVP-like MADS-box genes suggest distinct roles in kiwifruit bud dormancy and flowering

  2011cited by this paper
• Identification and characterization of flowering genes in kiwifruit: sequence conservation and role in kiwifruit flower development

  2011cited by this paper
• Fruit development of the diploid kiwifruit, Actinidia chinensis 'Hort16A'

  2011cited by this paper
• Apple FLOWERING LOCUS T proteins interact with transcription factors implicated in cell growth and organ development.

  2011cited by this paper
• FLOWERING LOCUS T duplication coordinates reproductive and vegetative growth in perennial poplar

  2011cited by this paper
• Precocious flowering in trees: the FLOWERING LOCUS T gene as a research and breeding tool in Populus.

  2010cited by this paper
• The flowering time regulator CONSTANS is recruited to the FLOWERING LOCUS T promoter via a unique cis-element.

  2010cited by this paper
• cis-Regulatory Elements and Chromatin State Coordinately Control Temporal and Spatial Expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T in Arabidopsis[W][OA]

  2010cited by this paper
• Molecular characterization of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like genes of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.).

  2010cited by this paper
• Leaf-produced floral signals.

  2008cited by this paper
• A repressor complex governs the integration of flowering signals in Arabidopsis.

  2008cited by this paper
• Flowering of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) is reduced by long photoperiods

  2007cited by this paper
• THE CHOICE OF AGROBACTERIUM STRAIN FOR TRANSFORMATION OF KIWIFRUIT

  2007cited by this paper
• Molecular physiology of higher plant sucrose transporters

  2007cited by this paper
• FT Protein Movement Contributes to Long-Distance Signaling in Floral Induction of Arabidopsis

  2007cited by this paper
• Role of SVP in the control of flowering time by ambient temperature in Arabidopsis.

  2007cited by this paper
• CONSTANS and the CCAAT Box Binding Complex Share a Functionally Important Domain and Interact to Regulate Flowering of Arabidopsis[W][OA]

  2006cited by this paper
• CO/FT Regulatory Module Controls Timing of Flowering and Seasonal Growth Cessation in Trees

  2006cited by this paper
• The transcription factor FLC confers a flowering response to vernalization by repressing meristem competence and systemic signaling in Arabidopsis.

  2006cited by this paper
• Poplar FT2 Shortens the Juvenile Phase and Promotes Seasonal Flowering[W]

  2006cited by this paper
• FD, a bZIP Protein Mediating Signals from the Floral Pathway Integrator FT at the Shoot Apex

  2005cited by this paper
• Integration of Spatial and Temporal Information During Floral Induction in Arabidopsis

  2005cited by this paper
• Transient expression vectors for functional genomics, quantification of promoter activity and RNA silencing in plants

  2005cited by this paper
• Ectopic Expression of an FT Homolog from Citrus Confers an Early Flowering Phenotype on Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.)

  2005cited by this paper
• Cell-to-Cell Movement of Green Fluorescent Protein Reveals Post-Phloem Transport in the Outer Integument and Identifies Symplastic Domains in Arabidopsis Seeds and Embryos1

  2005cited by this paper
• Improving transformation efficiency ofArabidopsis thaliana by modifying the floral dip method

  2004cited by this paper
• TERMINAL FLOWER2, an Arabidopsis Homolog of HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1, Counteracts the Activation of FLOWERING LOCUS T by CONSTANS in the Vascular Tissues of Leaves to Regulate Flowering Time Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.016

  2003cited by this paper
• Adaptation of photoperiodic control pathways produces short-day flowering in rice

  2003cited by this paper
• Arabidopsis TERMINAL FLOWER 2 gene encodes a heterochromatin protein 1 homolog and represses both FLOWERING LOCUS T to regulate flowering time and several floral homeotic genes.

  2003cited by this paper
• CONSTANS mediates between the circadian clock and the control of flowering in Arabidopsis

  2001cited by this paper
• Tomato SP-Interacting Proteins Define a Conserved Signaling System That Regulates Shoot Architecture and Flowering Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.010293.

  2001cited by this paper
• Bimodal patterns of floral gene expression over the two seasons that kiwifruit flowers develop.

  2001cited by this paper
• Distinct roles of CONSTANS target genes in reproductive development of Arabidopsis.

  2000cited by this paper
• A pair of related genes with antagonistic roles in mediating flowering signals.

  1999cited by this paper
• Activation tagging of the floral inducer FT.

  1999cited by this paper
• Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana.

  1998cited by this paper
• Shoot Axillary Bud Morphogenesis in Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)

  1997cited by this paper
• Improved green fluorescence

  1995cited by this paper
• Genetic applications of an inverse polymerase chain reaction.

  1988cited by this paper
• Assaying chimeric genes in plants: The GUS gene fusion system

  1987cited by this paper
• Bud Dormancy in the Kiwi Fruit, Actinidia chinensis Planch

  1984cited by this paper
• Influence of Developing Shoots on Flowering Potential of Dormant Buds of Actinidia chinensis1

  1982cited by this paper
• The effect of chilling on the termination of rest and flower bud development of the chinese gooseberry

  1976cited by this paper
• Internal Factors of Plant Flowering

  1968cited by this paper

• Synteny-based comparative pan-genome reveals a male-specific FT gene underlying flowering time dimorphism in kiwifruit.

  2026cites this paper
• Integrating meristem initiation and floral fate control: toward de novo flower organogenesis in vitro.

  2026cites this paper
• Mutagenesis of FT genes in early flowering kiwifruit suggests diverse roles in regulation of growth and flowering

  2025cites this paper
• Characterization of Actinidia chinensis FD genes and their role in kiwifruit flowering

  2025cites this paper
• Thinning and Subsequent Lateral Flowering of ‘Hayward’ Kiwifruit Vines

  2025cites this paper
• Regulatory frameworks involved in the floral induction, formation and developmental programming of woody horticultural plants: a case study on blueberries

  2024cites this paper
• Advancing tree genomics to future proof next generation orchard production

  2024cites this paper
• A MADS-box gene-induced early flowering pear (Pyrus communis L.) for accelerated pear breeding

  2023cites this paper
• Strategies for fast breeding and improvement of Actinidia species.

  2023cites this paper
• Expression Profiling of Four Mango FT/TFL1-Encoding Genes under Different Fruit Load Conditions, and Their Involvement in Flowering Regulation

  2022cites this paper
• CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated mutagenesis of kiwifruit BFT genes results in an evergrowing but not early flowering phenotype

  2022cites this paper
• Application of Microbes in Biotechnology, Industry, and Medical Field

  2022cites this paper
• Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Tree Fruit Crops: Methods, Progress, and Challenges

  2019cites this paper
• Mutagenesis of kiwifruit CENTRORADIALIS ‐like genes transforms a climbing woody perennial with long juvenility and axillary flowering into a compact plant with rapid terminal flowering

  2018cites this paper
• AcFT promotes kiwifruit in vitro flowering when overexpressed and Arabidopsis flowering when expressed in the vasculature under its own promoter

  2018cites this paper