A covariant entropy conjecture

We conjecture the following entropy bound to be valid in all space-times admitted by Einstein's equation: let A be the area of any two-dimensional surface. Let L be a hypersurface generated by surface-orthogonal null geodesics with non-positive expansion. Let S be the entropy on L. Then S ≤ A/4. We present evidence that the bound can be saturated, but not exceeded, in cosmological solutions and in the interior of black holes. For systems with limited self-gravity it reduces to Bekenstein's bound. Because the conjecture is manifestly time reversal invariant, its origin cannot be thermodynamic, but must be statistical. It thus places a fundamental limit on the number of degrees of freedom in nature.

• Publication year

  1999

• Venue

  Journal of High Energy Physics

• Publication date

  1999-05-24

• Fields of study

  Physics

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1088/1126-6708/1999/07/004arXiv hep-th/9905177
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Pre-bangian origin of our entropy and time arrow

  1999cited by this paper
• LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Cosmic holography+Cosmic holography

  1999cited by this paper
• Generalized second law in cosmology from causal boundary entropy

  1999cited by this paper
• HOLOGRAPHY, COSMOLOGY, AND THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

  1999influential reference
• The Holographic bound in anti-de Sitter space

  1998cited by this paper
• Holography and cosmology

  1998influential reference
• Focusing and the holographic hypothesis.

  1996cited by this paper
• The world as a hologram

  1994cited by this paper
• Do We Understand Black Hole Entropy

  1994cited by this paper
• Proof of the quantum bound on specific entropy for free fields.

  1989cited by this paper
• Is the cosmological singularity thermodynamically possible?

  1989cited by this paper
• General relativity

  1980influential reference
• Particle emission rates from a black hole. II. Massless particles from a rotating hole

  1976cited by this paper
• Particle creation by black holes

  1975cited by this paper
• The four laws of black hole mechanics

  1973cited by this paper

• Holographic Dark Matter

  2026cites this paper
• Replica Trick in Time-Dependent Geometries

  2026cites this paper
• Diamonds in the Bulk and Large-$N$ Scaling in AdS/CFT

  2026cites this paper
• Nonperturbative Isentropic Processes in AdS Black Holes with Nonlinear Electrodynamics

  2026cites this paper
• Oscillatory Freeze from Inertial Holographic Dark Energy

  2026cites this paper
• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics

  2025cites this paper
• Fundamental complement of a gravitating region

  2025cites this paper
• Scale separation, rolling solutions and entropy bounds

  2025influential citation
• Thermodynamics of a spherically symmetric causal diamond in Minkowski spacetime

  2025cites this paper
• Testing the Generalized Second Law in $(2+1)$-Dimensional Cosmology: Holographic Entropy Bounds and Observational Constraints

  2025cites this paper
• Unification of observational entropy with maximum entropy principles

  2025cites this paper
• The double EFT expansion in quantum gravity

  2025cites this paper
• Entropy in Loop Quantum Cosmology

  2025cites this paper
• Observational constraints on holography in (2 + 1)-dimensional cosmology with a generalized equation of state

  2025cites this paper
• A short overview on the Black Hole-Tower Correspondence and Species Thermodynamics

  2025cites this paper
• Dark Matter from Holography

  2025cites this paper
• Bounding field excursions along null geodesics with applications to cosmology

  2025cites this paper
• Constraining the Hybrid Model for Investigating Holographic Dark Energy in Modified Gravity

  2025cites this paper
• The Geometry and Flow of Informational Time

  2025cites this paper
• The Making of von Neumann Algebras from Bulk Focusing

  2025cites this paper
• Cosmological evolution of Sharma-Mittal holographic dark energy in self creation theory of gravitation

  2025cites this paper
• Cosmological constraints from UV/IR mixing

  2025cites this paper
• Conditional Cosmological Recurrence in Finite Hilbert Spaces and Holographic Bounds Within Causal Patches

  2025cites this paper
• Modular fluctuations in cosmology

  2025cites this paper
• The Physics Section in Symmetry

  2025cites this paper
• Simple holography in general spacetimes

  2025cites this paper
• The Hydrodynamic Approach to Quantum Gravity

  2025cites this paper
• Reconstruction of Kaniadakis Holographic Dark Energy Model in Self Creation Theory of Gravity

  2025cites this paper
• Why Do We Want a Theory of Quantum Gravity?

  2025cites this paper
• Reflected entropy and islands in a braneworld cosmology

  2025cites this paper
• Curious QNEIs from QNEC: New Bounds on Null Energy in Quantum Field Theory

  2025cites this paper
• Toward a Unified de Sitter Holography: A Composite $T\bar{T}$ and $T\bar{T}+\Lambda_2$ Flow

  2025cites this paper
• Information Metrics and Possible Limitations of Local Information Objectivity in Quantum Gravity

  2025cites this paper
• Isentropic processes for axisymmetric black holes

  2025cites this paper
• Toward a consistent definition of holographic entanglement entropy in de Sitter space

  2025cites this paper
• The generalized second law for fermionic and bosonic fields

  2025cites this paper
• A New Derivation of Classical Gravitational Second Law of Thermodynamics

  2025influential citation
• Cosmological Dynamics of Barrow Holographic Dark Energy in f(G) gravity: An Analytical and Observational Approach

  2025cites this paper
• Geometric modular flows in 2d CFT and beyond

  2025cites this paper
• Gibbons-Hawking Entropy and BMN Strings

  2025cites this paper
• Multiversal Entropy and Information Conservation in Black Hole Nucleated Baby Universes

  2025cites this paper
• Finite Entropy Implies Finite Dimension in Quantum Gravity

  2025cites this paper
• The Dead Universe Theory (DUT) Simulator 1.0: Exploring the Final Cosmos Through Non-Singular Quantum Gravitational Computation

  2025cites this paper
• Minimum Spacetime Length and the Thermodynamics of Spacetime

  2025cites this paper
• Entropy bounds and holographic dark energy: Conflicts and consensus

  2025cites this paper
• Asymptotic limit of null hypersurfaces

  2025cites this paper
• Holographic entropy cone beyond AdS/CFT

  2025cites this paper
• Stochastic inflation and entropy bound in de Sitter spacetime

  2024cites this paper
• Holographic dark energy with Granda-Oliveros cutoff and ansatz based approach: An extended look

  2024cites this paper
• Violation of weak cosmic censorship in de Sitter space

  2024cites this paper
• Geometric Quantum States Beyond AdS/CFT

  2024cites this paper
• On the measurements in Quantum Gravity

  2024cites this paper
• "Observables"in de Sitter Quantum Gravity: in Perturbation Theory and Beyond

  2024cites this paper
• de Sitter Connectivity from Holographic Entanglement

  2024influential citation
• A classical Bousso bound for higher derivative corrections to general relativity

  2024influential citation
• Quantum focusing conjecture in two-dimensional evaporating black holes

  2024cites this paper
• New perspectives on future rip scenarios with holographic dark energy

  2024cites this paper
• Disentanglement as a strong cosmic censor

  2024cites this paper
• Imaging a semiclassical horizonless compact object with strong redshift

  2024cites this paper
• Holographic phenomenology via overlapping degrees of freedom

  2024cites this paper
• Dynamics of holographic dark energy with apparent-horizon cutoff and non-minimal derivative coupling gravity in non-flat FLRW universe

  2024cites this paper
• To be or not to be, but where?

  2024cites this paper
• Thermodynamics of the arbitrary dimensional FRW universe: Joule-Thomson expansion

  2024cites this paper
• Holographic description of closed FRW cosmologies and time-dependent ER=EPR

  2024cites this paper
• Rips and regular future scenario with holographic dark energy: a comprehensive look

  2024cites this paper
• Formulation and proof of the gravitational entropy bound

  2024cites this paper
• Physics, Philosophy, Observers and Multiverses

  2024cites this paper
• A long freeze is hard to achieve in the presence of matter

  2024cites this paper
• The Scaling Entropy-Area Thermodynamics and the Emergence of Quantum Gravity

  2024cites this paper
• Perturbative unitarity bounds from momentum-space entanglement

  2024cites this paper
• Horizon causality from holographic scattering in asymptotically dS3

  2024influential citation
• Bekenstein bound on black hole entropy in non-Gaussian statistics

  2024cites this paper
• Thermodynamics of the Primordial Universe

  2024cites this paper
• A covariant tapestry of linear GUP, metric-affine gravity, their Poincaré algebra and entropy bound

  2024cites this paper
• Holographic dark energy in Barrow cosmology with Granda-Oliveros IR cutoff

  2024cites this paper
• Fractional holographic dark energy

  2024cites this paper
• Interacting ghost scalar field models of dark energy in Bianchi type-II universe

  2024cites this paper
• How are Entanglement Entropies Related to Entropy Bounds?

  2024cites this paper
• Quantum null geometry and gravity

  2024cites this paper
• Evolution of fluctuations in horizon energy and its dependence on the degrees of freedom

  2024cites this paper
• Induced gravitational waves probing primordial black hole dark matter with the memory burden effect

  2024cites this paper
• Towards bit threads in general gravitational spacetimes

  2024cites this paper
• Entanglement entropy and thermal phase transitions from curvature singularities

  2024cites this paper
• Geometric quantum states beyond the AdS/CFT correspondence

  2024cites this paper
• Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy with Power Law Ansatz Approach

  2024cites this paper
• Discrete Max-Focusing

  2024cites this paper
• On the origin of species thermodynamics and the black hole - tower correspondence

  2024cites this paper
• Cosmic dynamics unveiled in Chern–Simons modified gravity with holographic dark energy model

  2024cites this paper
• The long freeze: an asymptotically static universe from holographic dark energy

  2024cites this paper
• Holography of linear dilaton spacetimes from the bottom up

  2023cites this paper
• Bounds on tower mass scales in the presence of throats of different warping

  2023cites this paper
• Singularities from Hyperentropic regions using the Quantum Expansion

  2023cites this paper
• On the Impossibility of Precise Verification of Models of Quantum Gravity

  2023cites this paper
• Exploring causality in braneworld/cutoff holography via holographic scattering

  2023cites this paper
• Holography for Small Values of the Cosmological Constant

  2023influential citation
• Quantum technologies for quantum gravity phenomena and other fundamental physics research

  2023cites this paper
• Black hole from entropy maximization

  2023cites this paper
• Test of Barrow entropy using a model independent approach

  2023cites this paper
• News from the Swampland — constraining string theory with astrophysics and cosmology

  2023cites this paper
• My Personal History With the Quantum Theory of de Sitter Space

  2023cites this paper