GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part III: Tropical Pacific Climate and ENSO

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2006

• Venue

  Journal of Climate

• Publication date

  2006-03-01

• Fields of study

  Physics, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1175/JCLI3631.1
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• The Termination of the 1997-98 El Niño. Part II: Mechanisms of Atmospheric Change

  2006cited by this paper
• The Termination of the 1997–98 El Niño. Part I: Mechanisms of Oceanic Change*

  2006cited by this paper
• GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part I: Formulation and Simulation Characteristics

  2006influential reference
• GFDL's CM2 Global Coupled Climate Models. Part II: The Baseline Ocean Simulation

  2006cited by this paper
• Influence of the Seasonal Cycle on the Termination of El Niño Events in a Coupled General Circulation Model

  2006cited by this paper
• GFDL's CM2 global coupled climate models. Part IV: Idealized climate response

  2006cited by this paper
• Radiative and Dynamical Feedbacks over the Equatorial Cold Tongue: Results from Nine Atmospheric GCMs

  2005cited by this paper
• Impacts of Shortwave Penetration Depth on Large-Scale Ocean Circulation and Heat Transport

  2005cited by this paper
• Formulation of an ocean model for global climate simulations

  2005cited by this paper
• The Impact of Horizontal Resolution on the Tropical Heat Budget in an Atlantic Ocean Model

  2005cited by this paper
• A “Vertically Lagrangian” Finite-Volume Dynamical Core for Global Models

  2004cited by this paper
• The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations

  2004cited by this paper
• IN SITU-BASED PSEUDO-WIND STRESS PRODUCTS FOR THE TROPICAL OCEANS

  2004cited by this paper
• Extended Wind Stress Analyses for ENSO

  2004cited by this paper
• The Version 2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation Analysis (1979-Present)

  2003cited by this paper
• Extended Reconstruction of Global Sea Surface Temperatures Based on COADS Data (1854–1997)

  2003cited by this paper
• A Bivariate Time Series Approach to Anthropogenic Trend Detection in Hemispheric Mean Temperatures

  2003cited by this paper
• Inverse Analysis Adjustment of the SOC Air-Sea Flux Climatology Using Ocean Heat Transport Constraints

  2003cited by this paper
• Probability-based methods for quantifying nonlinearity in the ENSO

  2003cited by this paper
• NCEP–DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2)

  2002cited by this paper
• Quickscat scatterometer - Mean wind fileds products - User Manual

  2002cited by this paper
• Global Atmospheric Sensitivity to Tropical SST Anomalies throughout the Indo-Pacific Basin

  2002cited by this paper
• An Improved In Situ and Satellite SST Analysis for Climate

  2002cited by this paper
• An Evaluation of Air-Sea Flux Products for ENSO Simulation and Prediction

  2002cited by this paper
• The Atmospheric Bridge: The Influence of ENSO Teleconnections on Air-Sea Interaction over the Global Oceans

  2002cited by this paper
• A mechanism for decadal changes of ENSO behavior: roles of background wind changes

  2002cited by this paper
• Diagnostic Model and Analysis of the Surface Currents in the Tropical Pacific Ocean

  2002cited by this paper
• Simulation of the El Niño Southern Oscillation: Results from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project

  2002cited by this paper
• STOIC: a study of coupled model climatology and variability in tropical ocean regions

  2002cited by this paper
• QUIKSCAT SCATTEROMETER MEAN WIND FIELD PRODUCTS

  2002cited by this paper
• Atmospheric Response Patterns Associated with Tropical Forcing

  2002cited by this paper
• The atmospheric energy budget and implications for surface fluxes and ocean heat transports

  2001influential reference
• Variability in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation Through a Glacial-Interglacial Cycle

  2001cited by this paper
• meeting summary: Workshop on the Impacts of the 1997-99 ENSO.

  2001cited by this paper
• ISCCP cloud properties associated with standard cloud types identified in individual surface observations

  2001cited by this paper
• Factors that affect the amplitude of El Nino in global coupled climate models

  2001cited by this paper
• A Slow Dance for El Niño

  2001cited by this paper
• Processes Determining the Rapid Reestablishment of the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue/ITCZ Complex

  2001cited by this paper
• Quantifying uncertainties in NCEP reanalyses using high-quality research vessel observations

  2001cited by this paper
• The NCEP–NCAR 50-Year Reanalysis: Monthly Means CD-ROM and Documentation

  2001cited by this paper
• Climate change 2001 : the scientific basis

  2001cited by this paper
• A New FSU Winds and Flux Climatology

  2001cited by this paper
• Equatorial Circulation of a Global Ocean Climate Model with Anisotropic Horizontal Viscosity

  2001cited by this paper
• Climate extremes: observations, modeling, and impacts.

  2000cited by this paper
• CURRENT APPROACHES TO SEASONAL-TO-INTERANNUAL CLIMATE PREDICTIONS

  2000cited by this paper
• Is El Nino changing?

  2000cited by this paper
• Ensip: the El Nin Ä O Simulation Intercomparison Project

  2000influential reference
• Pacific–East Asian Teleconnection: How Does ENSO Affect East Asian Climate?

  2000cited by this paper
• The Hamburg Ocean-Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data (HOAPS): A climatological atlas of satellite-derived air-sea interaction parameters over the world oceans

  2000cited by this paper
• Interdecadal Change of the Structure of the ENSO Mode and Its Impact on the ENSO Frequency

  2000cited by this paper
• A New Boundary Layer Mixing Scheme. Part I: Scheme Description and Single-Column Model Tests

  2000influential reference
• On the Slow Mode of a Simple Air-sea Coupled Model The Sensitivity to the Zonal Phase Difference bet

  2000cited by this paper
• Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP

  1999cited by this paper
• Japanese Ocean Flux Data Sets with Use of Remote Sensing Observations (J-OFURO)

  1999cited by this paper
• Thermocline and Zonal Advective Feedbacks Within the Equatorial Ocean Recharge Oscillator Model for ENSO

  1999cited by this paper
• An Improved Coupled Model for ENSO Prediction and Implications for Ocean Initialization. Part I: The Ocean Data Assimilation System

  1998cited by this paper
• The Gent-McWilliams skew flux

  1998cited by this paper
• The annual cycle of SST in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, diagnosed in an ocean GCM

  1998cited by this paper
• A review of the predictability and prediction of ENSO

  1998cited by this paper
• An Improved Coupled Model for ENSO Prediction and Implications for Ocean Initialization. Part II: The Coupled Model

  1998cited by this paper
• Isoneutral diffusion in a z-coordinate ocean model

  1998cited by this paper
• The Southampton Oceanography Centre (SOC) Ocean - Atmosphere, Heat, Momentum and Freshwater Flux Atlas

  1998cited by this paper
• Ocean modeling for ENSO

  1998cited by this paper
• Low cloud type over the ocean from surface observations. Part II: geographical and seasonal variations

  1998cited by this paper
• The Tropical Ocean‐Global Atmosphere observing system: A decade of progress

  1998cited by this paper
• An Advective-Reflective Conceptual Model for the Oscillatory Nature of the ENSO

  1997cited by this paper
• Cloud Liquid Water Climatology from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager

  1997cited by this paper
• Oceanic Rossby wave dynamics and the ENSO period in a coupled model

  1997cited by this paper
• An equatorial ocean recharge paradigm for ENSO. Part II: a stripped-down coupled model

  1997cited by this paper
• An equatorial ocean recharge paradigm for ENSO. Part I: conceptual model

  1997cited by this paper
• Global Precipitation: A 17-Year Monthly Analysis Based on Gauge Observations, Satellite Estimates, and Numerical Model Outputs

  1997cited by this paper
• Analyses of Global Monthly Precipitation Using Gauge Observations, Satellite Estimates, and Numerical Model Predictions

  1996cited by this paper
• Stability of Equatorial Modes in a Simplified Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model

  1996cited by this paper
• Why the ITCZ is mostly north of the equator

  1996cited by this paper
• A Multiyear Global Surface Wind Velocity Dataset Using SSM/I Wind Observations

  1996cited by this paper
• Peruvian stratus clouds and the tropical Pacific circulation

  1996cited by this paper
• Interdecadal changes in El Niño onset in the last four decades

  1995cited by this paper
• Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and the Tropical Climatology. Part II: Why the Pacific Cold Tongue Is in the East.

  1995cited by this paper
• Tropical interannual variability in a global coupled GCM: sensitivity to mean climate state

  1995cited by this paper
• Heating rate within the upper ocean in relation to its bio-optical state

  1994cited by this paper
• Nonlinear Effects in Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Basin Modes.

  1994cited by this paper
• Oceanic vertical mixing: a review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization

  1994cited by this paper
• A physical retrieval of cloud liquid water over the global oceans using special sensor microwave/imager (SSM/I) observations

  1993cited by this paper
• Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert - A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models

  1992influential reference
• A Slow Dance

  1992cited by this paper
• On ENSO Physics

  1991cited by this paper
• The Slow Sea Surface Temperature Mode and the Fast-Wave Limit: Analytic Theory for Tropical Interannual Oscillations and Experiments in a Hybrid Coupled Model

  1991cited by this paper
• Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models

  1990cited by this paper
• A Global Oceanic Data Assimilation System

  1989cited by this paper
• Interannual variability in a tropical atmosphere−ocean model: influence of the basic state, ocean geometry and nonlinearity

  1989cited by this paper
• Global distribution of total cloud cover and cloud type amounts over the ocean

  1988cited by this paper
• A Model El Niñ–Southern Oscillation

  1987influential reference
• Planetary-Scale Atmospheric Phenomena Associated with the Southern Oscillation

  1981cited by this paper

• Pan-regional characterization of the variability in the Indonesian Seas

  2025cites this paper
• A study of ENSO magnitude and lifespan in CMIP6 models

  2025cites this paper
• Sensitive area in the tropical Indian Ocean for advancing beyond the summer predictability barrier of Indian Ocean Dipole

  2025cites this paper
• Delayed impacts of North Pacific Oscillation on wintertime surface air temperature in East Asia

  2025cites this paper
• ENSO and NAO Linkage to Strong Volcanism and Associated Post‐Volcanic High‐Latitude Winter Warming

  2024cites this paper
• Exploring sensitive area in the whole pacific for two types of El Niño predictions and their implication for targeted observations

  2024cites this paper
• The representation of marine surface fluxes is linked to intertropical convergence zone biases

  2023cites this paper
• Ocean Dynamics Causes the Equatorial Pacific SST Bias in CAS‐ESM2‐0

  2023cites this paper
• Quantifying Parametric Uncertainty Effects on Tropical Cloud Fraction in an AGCM

  2023cites this paper
• Effects of Equatorial Ocean Current Bias on Simulated El Niño Pattern in CMIP6 Models

  2023influential citation
• Dynamics of ENSO Phase–Locking and Its Biases in Climate Models

  2022cites this paper
• Response of southern troposphere meridional circulation to historical maxima of Antarctic sea ice.

  2022cites this paper
• The E3SM Diagnostics Package (E3SM Diags v2.7): a Python-based diagnostics package for Earth system model evaluation

  2022influential citation
• Droughts and Mega-Droughts

  2022cites this paper
• Oceanic and Atmospheric Drivers of Post‐El‐Niño Chlorophyll Rebound in the Equatorial Pacific

  2022cites this paper
• ENSO Asymmetry in CMIP6 Models

  2022cites this paper
• The equatorial Pacific cold tongue bias in CESM1 and its influence on ENSO forecasts

  2022cites this paper
• The tropical Atlantic as a negative feedback on ENSO

  2022cites this paper
• Application of deep learning to understanding ENSO dynamics

  2022cites this paper
• Stratospheric wave driving events as an alternative to sudden stratospheric warmings

  2022influential citation
• Impact of tropical Atlantic Warming on the Pacific Walker circulation with numerical experiments of CGCM

  2021cites this paper
• How Frequent Are Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in Present and Future Climate?

  2021cites this paper
• An ocean modeling study to quantify wind forcing and oceanic mixing effects on the tropical North Pacific subsurface warm bias in CMIP and OMIP simulations

  2021cites this paper
• Impacts of ENSO on the seasonal transition from summer to winter in East Asia

  2021cites this paper
• BCC-CSM2-HR: a high-resolution version of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model

  2021cites this paper
• The equatorial Pacific cold tongue bias in CESM 1 and its influence on ENSO forecasts 1 2 3

  2021cites this paper
• Disentangling the effect of regional SST bias on the double-ITCZ problem

  2021cites this paper
• El Niño/Southern Oscillation response to low-latitude volcanic eruptions depends on ocean pre-conditions and eruption timing

  2020cites this paper
• Influences of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on the Locally Amplified Ningaloo Niño

  2020cites this paper
• ENSO Modeling

  2020cites this paper
• El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate

  2020cites this paper
• GFDL's SPEAR Seasonal Prediction System: Initialization and Ocean Tendency Adjustment (OTA) for Coupled Model Predictions

  2020cites this paper
• Excessive ITCZ but Negative SST Biases in the Tropical Pacific Simulated by CMIP5/6 Models: The Role of the Meridional Pattern of SST Bias

  2020cites this paper
• Fundamental Behavior of ENSO Phase Locking

  2020cites this paper
• The Influence of Subsurface Conditions on the Spatial and Temporal Variability of Tropical SST and Rainfall in CFSv2 Reforecasts

  2020cites this paper
• ENSO Low‐Frequency Modulation and Mean State Interactions

  2020cites this paper
• A Hindcast Approach to Diagnosing the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue SST Bias in CESM1

  2020cites this paper
• Future impacts of two types of El Niño on East Asian rainfall based on CMIP5 model projections

  2020cites this paper
• Study of the regional climatic impacts of tropical explosive volcanism in the Middle East and North Africa region

  2020cites this paper
• Detected climatic change in global distribution of tropical cyclones

  2020cites this paper
• The GFDL Earth System Model Version 4.1 (GFDL‐ESM 4.1): Overall Coupled Model Description and Simulation Characteristics

  2020cites this paper
• Stronger Increase in the Frequency of Extreme Convective than Extreme Warm El Niño Events under Greenhouse Warming

  2020cites this paper
• Potential predictability of marine ecosystem drivers

  2020cites this paper
• The Optimal Precursor of El Niño in the GFDL CM2p1 Model

  2020cites this paper
• Warming Patterns Affect El Niño Diversity in CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models

  2020cites this paper
• Method to Assess Climate Change Impacts on Hydrologic Boundaries of Individual Wetlands

  2020cites this paper
• Tropical Pacific SST and ITCZ Biases in Climate Models: Double Trouble for Future Rainfall Projections?

  2019cites this paper
• Diversity of moderate El Niño events evolution: role of air–sea interactions in the eastern tropical Pacific

  2019cites this paper
• A Modified Vertical Mixing Parameterization for Its Improved Ocean and Coupled Simulations in the Tropical Pacific

  2019cites this paper
• Western North Pacific anticyclone change associated with the El Niño–Indian Ocean Dipole coupling

  2019cites this paper
• Structure and Performance of GFDL's CM4.0 Climate Model

  2019cites this paper
• Stronger Increase in the Frequency of Extreme Convective than Extreme Warm El Ni ñ o Events under Greenhouse Warming

  2019cites this paper
• A study of the effects of westerly wind bursts on ENSO based on CESM

  2019cites this paper
• Halving warming with idealized solar geoengineering moderates key climate hazards

  2019cites this paper
• The North Pacific Pacemaker Effect on Historical ENSO and Its Mechanisms

  2019influential citation
• Change in strong Eastern Pacific El Niño events dynamics in the warming climate

  2019cites this paper
• Seasonal to multiannual marine ecosystem prediction with a global Earth system model

  2019cites this paper
• Detecting Change in the Indonesian Seas

  2019influential citation
• Southern Ocean sea ice and frontal changes during the Late Quaternary and their linkages to Asian summer monsoon

  2019cites this paper
• Seasonal Prediction Potential for Springtime Dustiness in the United States

  2019cites this paper
• Chapter 6. ENSO low-frequency modulations and mean state interactions

  2019cites this paper
• On the seasonal prediction of the western United States El Niño precipitation pattern during the 2015/16 winter

  2018cites this paper
• Ocean Chlorophyll as a Precursor of ENSO: An Earth System Modeling Study

  2018cites this paper
• Impact of chlorophyll bias on the tropical Pacific mean climate in an earth system model

  2018influential citation
• Dynamical diagnostics of the SST annual cycle in the eastern equatorial Pacific: part I a linear coupled framework

  2018cites this paper
• Asymmetry of the Predictability Limit of the Warm ENSO Phase

  2018cites this paper
• Projected Response of Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Intensification in a Global Climate Model

  2018cites this paper
• Understanding the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue Time-Mean Heat Budget. Part I: Diagnostic Framework

  2018cites this paper
• Impacts of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability on North American Summer Climate and Heat Waves

  2018cites this paper
• An intermediate coupled model for the tropical ocean-atmosphere system

  2018cites this paper
• The GFDL Global Atmosphere and Land Model AM4.0/LM4.0: 1. Simulation Characteristics With Prescribed SSTs

  2018cites this paper
• A Tropical Stochastic Skeleton Model for the MJO, El Niño, and Dynamic Walker Circulation: A Simplified GCM

  2018cites this paper
• Equatorial Pacific Variability in Climate Models

  2018cites this paper
• Tropical rainfall predictions from multiple seasonal forecast systems

  2018cites this paper
• Estimating Convection Parameters in the GFDL CM2.1 Model Using Ensemble Data Assimilation

  2018cites this paper
• Improved Simulations of Tropical Pacific Annual‐Mean Climate in the GFDL FLOR and HiFLOR Coupled GCMs

  2018influential citation
• A New Hybrid Coupled Model of Atmosphere, Ocean Physics, and Ocean Biogeochemistry to Represent Biogeophysical Feedback Effects in the Tropical Pacific

  2018cites this paper
• Skillful Climate Forecasts of the Tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean Using Model-Analogs

  2018cites this paper
• The Low‐Resolution Version of HadGEM3 GC3.1: Development and Evaluation for Global Climate

  2018influential citation
• Understanding the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue Time-Mean Heat Budget. Part II: Evaluation of the GFDL-FLOR Coupled GCM

  2018cites this paper
• WHAT IS “ ENSO DIVERSITY ” ?

  2018cites this paper
• The Roles of Convection Parameterization in the Formation of Double ITCZ Syndrome in the NCAR CESM: I. Atmospheric Processes

  2018cites this paper
• On the Shortening of the Lead Time of Ocean Warm Water Volume to ENSO SST Since 2000

  2017cites this paper
• Global impacts of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability during the boreal winter

  2017cites this paper
• The Present-Day Simulation and Twenty-First-Century Projection of the Climatology of Extratropical Transition in the North Atlantic

  2017cites this paper
• A Framework to Decompose Wind-Driven Biases in Climate Models Applied to CCSM/CESM in the Eastern Pacific

  2017cites this paper
• Twentieth century ENSO-related precipitation mean states in twentieth century reanalysis, reconstructed precipitation and CMIP5 models

  2017cites this paper
• ENSO regimes : Reinterpreting the canonical and Modoki

  2017cites this paper
• La Niña–like Mean-State Response to Global Warming and Potential Oceanic Roles

  2017cites this paper
• Time-varying spectral characteristics of ENSO over the Last Millennium

  2017cites this paper
• Impact of Mountains on Tropical Circulation in Two Earth System Models

  2017cites this paper
• Impacts of a Pinatubo‐size volcanic eruption on ENSO

  2017cites this paper
• Characterizing unforced multi-decadal variability of ENSO: a case study with the GFDL CM2.1 coupled GCM

  2017influential citation
• Assessing the climate impacts of the observed Atlantic multidecadal variability using the GFDL CM2.1 and NCAR CESM1 global coupled models

  2017cites this paper
• Understanding the double peaked El Niño in coupled GCMs

  2017influential citation
• ENSO in the CMIP5 Simulations: Life Cycles, Diversity, and Responses to Climate Change

  2017cites this paper
• Accounting for observation uncertainties in an evaluation metric of low latitude turbulent air–sea fluxes: application to the comparison of a suite of IPSL model versions

  2017cites this paper
• Dominant Role of Subtropical Pacific Warming in Extreme Eastern Pacific Hurricane Seasons: 2015 and the Future

  2017cites this paper
• Evaluation of tropical Pacific observing systems using NCEP and GFDL ocean data assimilation systems

  2017cites this paper
• Revisiting ENSO/Indian Ocean Dipole phase relationships

  2017cites this paper