Measurement of Spin-Orbit Alignment in an Extrasolar Planetary System

We determine the stellar, planetary, and orbital properties of the transiting planetary system HD 209458 through a joint analysis of high-precision radial velocities, photometry, and timing of the secondary eclipse. Of primary interest is the strong detection of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect, the alteration of photospheric line profiles that occurs because the planet occults part of the rotating surface of the star. We develop a new technique for modeling this effect and use it to determine the inclination of the planetary orbit relative to the apparent stellar equator (λ = -4.°4 ± 1.°4), and the line-of-sight rotation speed of the star (v sin I⋆ = 4.70 ± 0.16 km s-1). The uncertainty in these quantities has been reduced by an order of magnitude relative to the pioneering measurements by Queloz and collaborators. The small but nonzero misalignment is probably a relic of the planet formation epoch, because the expected timescale for tidal coplanarization is larger than the age of the star. Our determination of v sin I⋆ is a rare case in which rotational line broadening has been isolated from other broadening mechanisms.

• Publication year

  2005

• Venue

  The Astrophysical Journal

• Publication date

  2005-04-25

• Fields of study

  Physics

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1086/432571arXiv astro-ph/0504555
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• No references are available for this paper.

• Secular Excitation of Polar Neptune Orbits in Pure Disk–Planet Systems

  2026cites this paper
• The OATMEAL Survey. II. The 3D Spin–Orbit Obliquity of an Eccentric Transiting Brown Dwarf in the Ruprecht 147 Open Cluster

  2025cites this paper
• High-resolution transmission spectroscopy using 2m Himalayan Chandra Telescope

  2025cites this paper
• Tidal Inflation is Stronger for Misaligned Neptune-sized Planets Than Aligned Ones

  2025cites this paper
• TOI-1670 c, a 40 day Orbital Period Warm Jupiter in a Compact System, Is Well Aligned

  2023cites this paper
• Architecture of Planetary Systems Predicted from Protoplanetary Disks Observed with ALMA. II. Evolution Outcomes and Dynamical Stability

  2022cites this paper
• Generating Stellar Obliquity in Systems with Broken Protoplanetary Disks

  2022cites this paper
• Stellar Obliquities in Exoplanetary Systems

  2022cites this paper
• Evidence for the Late Arrival of Hot Jupiters in Systems with High Host-star Obliquities

  2022cites this paper
• Constraints on Sub-Neptune Planet Candidate KOI-972.01 via Joint Variability/Gravity-darkening Analysis

  2021cites this paper
• CoBiToM project – I. Contact binaries towards merging

  2021cites this paper
• Long-period Jovian Tilts the Orbits of Two sub-Neptunes Relative to Stellar Spin Axis in Kepler-129

  2021cites this paper
• Tidal Effects on the Radial Velocities of V723 Mon: Additional Evidence for a Dark 3 M ⊙ Companion

  2021cites this paper
• Populating the brown dwarf and stellar boundary: Five stars with transiting companions near the hydrogen-burning mass limit

  2021cites this paper
• NGTS-13b: a hot 4.8 Jupiter-mass planet transiting a subgiant star

  2021cites this paper
• Broadband transmission spectroscopy of HD 209458b with ESPRESSO: evidence for Na, TiO, or both

  2020influential citation
• Stellar Oblateness versus Distant Giants in Exciting Kepler Planet Mutual Inclinations

  2020cites this paper
• Limits on the Spin–Orbit Angle and Atmospheric Escape for the 22 Myr Old Planet AU Mic b

  2020cites this paper
• Is there Na I in the atmosphere of HD 209458b?

  2020influential citation
• The TESS–Keck Survey. I. A Warm Sub-Saturn-mass Planet and a Caution about Stray Light in TESS Cameras

  2020cites this paper
• Star–disc alignment in the protoplanetary discs: SPH simulation of the collapse of turbulent molecular cloud cores

  2020cites this paper
• Stellar activity consequence on the retrieved transmission spectra through chromatic Rossiter-McLaughlin observations

  2020cites this paper
• Obliquity measurement and atmospheric characterisation of the WASP-74 planetary system

  2020cites this paper
• Does magnetic field impact tidal dynamics inside the convective zone of low-mass stars along their evolution?

  2019cites this paper
• Asteroseismic Determination of the Stellar Rotation Period of the Kepler Transiting Planetary Systems and its Implications for the Spin–Orbit Architecture

  2019cites this paper
• The Young Planet DS Tuc Ab Has a Low Obliquity

  2019cites this paper
• Stellar activity and rotation of the planet host Kepler-17 from long-term space-borne photometry

  2019cites this paper
• The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG

  2019cites this paper
• Determining the mass of the planetary candidate HD 114762 b using Gaia

  2019cites this paper
• Asteroseismology of the Multiplanet System K2-93

  2019cites this paper
• WOBBLE: A Data-driven Analysis Technique for Time-series Stellar Spectra

  2019cites this paper
• Three-Dimensional Stellar Obliquities of HAT-P-7 and Kepler-25 from Joint Analysis of Asteroseismology, Transit Light Curve, and the Rossiter–McLaughlin Effect

  2018cites this paper
• Measurements of Stellar Obliquities

  2018cites this paper
• HD 202772A b: A Transiting Hot Jupiter around a Bright, Mildly Evolved Star in a Visual Binary Discovered by TESS

  2018cites this paper
• The GJ 504 system revisited

  2018cites this paper
• Activity induced variation in spin-orbit angles as derived from Rossiter–McLaughlin measurements

  2018cites this paper
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). IV. Refined System Parameters, Transit Timing Variations, and Orbital Stability of the Transiting Planetary System HAT-P-25

  2018cites this paper
• Teetering stars: resonant excitation of stellar obliquities by hot and warm Jupiters with external companions

  2018cites this paper
• Ground-based detection of an extended helium atmosphere in the Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-69b

  2018cites this paper
• Reassessing Exoplanet Light Curves with a Thermal Model

  2018cites this paper
• The Dynamics of Tightly-packed Planetary Systems in the Presence of an Outer Planet: Case Studies Using Kepler-11 and Kepler-90

  2018cites this paper
• Spatially resolved spectroscopy across stellar surfaces: II. High-resolution spectra across HD 209458 (G0 V)

  2017influential citation
• The Young Substellar Companion ROXs 12 B: Near-infrared Spectrum, System Architecture, and Spin–Orbit Misalignment

  2017cites this paper
• Spin–Orbit Misalignments of Three Jovian Planets via Doppler Tomography

  2017cites this paper
• Coronal X-ray emission and planetary irradiation in HD 209458

  2017influential citation
• Transmission spectra of highly irradiated extrasolar planet atmospheres

  2016cites this paper
• SPIN–ORBIT ALIGNMENT OF EXOPLANET SYSTEMS: ENSEMBLE ANALYSIS USING ASTEROSEISMOLOGY

  2016cites this paper
• DIFFICULTY IN THE FORMATION OF COUNTER-ORBITING HOT JUPITERS FROM NEAR-COPLANAR HIERARCHICAL TRIPLE SYSTEMS: A SUB-STELLAR PERTURBER

  2016cites this paper
• K2-30 b and K2-34 b: Two inflated hot Jupiters around solar-type stars

  2016cites this paper
• Can stellar activity make a planet seem misaligned

  2016cites this paper
• Formation, Orbital and Internal Evolutions of Young Planetary Systems

  2016cites this paper
• THE K2-ESPRINT PROJECT IV. A HOT JUPITER IN A PROGRADE ORBIT WITH A POSSIBLE STELLAR COMPANION

  2016cites this paper
• SPIN–ORBIT ALIGNMENT FOR THREE TRANSITING HOT JUPITERS: WASP-103b, WASP-87b, and WASP-66b

  2016cites this paper
• Observing Transiting Exoplanets: Removing Systematic Errors To Constrain Atmospheric Chemistry And Dynamics

  2015cites this paper
• Exoplanetary Geophysics: An Emerging Discipline

  2015cites this paper
• 3D spin-orbit angle of Kepler-25 and HAT-P-7

  2015cites this paper
• RADIAL VELOCITY ECLIPSE MAPPING OF EXOPLANETS

  2015cites this paper
• A Lucky Imaging search for stellar sources near 74 transit hosts

  2015cites this paper
• STARSPOTS ON WASP-85

  2015cites this paper
• KELT-4Ab: AN INFLATED HOT JUPITER TRANSITING THE BRIGHT (V ∼ 10) COMPONENT OF A HIERARCHICAL TRIPLE

  2015cites this paper
• Radial Velocity Prospects Current and Future: A White Paper Report prepared by the Study Analysis Group 8 for the Exoplanet Program Analysis Group (ExoPAG)

  2015cites this paper
• MAGNETIC ORIGINS OF THE STELLAR MASS-OBLIQUITY CORRELATION IN PLANETARY SYSTEMS

  2015cites this paper
• THE DEDICATED MONITOR OF EXOTRANSITS (DEMONEX): SEVEN TRANSITS OF XO-4b

  2015cites this paper
• THE SOLAR SYSTEM AS AN EXOPLANETARY SYSTEM

  2015cites this paper
• Asteroseismic inference on the spin-orbit misalignment and stellar parameters of HAT-P-7

  2014cites this paper
• NEWLY DISCOVERED PLANETS ORBITING HD 5319, HD 11506, HD 75784 AND HD 10442 FROM THE N2K CONSORTIUM

  2014cites this paper
• PLANETARY TRANSIT CANDIDATES IN THE CSTAR FIELD: ANALYSIS OF THE 2008 DATA

  2014cites this paper
• Photometric Observation and Study of the Transiting Exoplanetary System HAT-P-8

  2014cites this paper
• Extra-Solar Planetary Systems

  2014cites this paper
• THE 4.5 μm FULL-ORBIT PHASE CURVE OF THE HOT JUPITER HD 209458b

  2014cites this paper
• Planets in Spin-Orbit Misalignment and the Search for Stellar Companions

  2014cites this paper
• FRIENDS OF HOT JUPITERS. II. NO CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN HOT-JUPITER SPIN–ORBIT MISALIGNMENT AND THE INCIDENCE OF DIRECTLY IMAGED STELLAR COMPANIONS

  2014cites this paper
• SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates - XII. KOI-1257 b: a highly eccentric three-month period transiting exoplanet

  2014cites this paper
• Determination of Three-dimensional Spin-orbit Angle with Joint Analysis of Asteroseismology, Transit Lightcurve, and the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect: Cases of HAT-P-7 and Kepler-25

  2014influential citation
• VERY LOW DENSITY PLANETS AROUND KEPLER-51 REVEALED WITH TRANSIT TIMING VARIATIONS AND AN ANOMALY SIMILAR TO A PLANET–PLANET ECLIPSE EVENT

  2014cites this paper
• Exoplanet Orbit Database. II. Updates to Exoplanets.org

  2014cites this paper
• TIDAL EVOLUTION OF THE SPIN–ORBIT ANGLE IN EXOPLANETARY SYSTEMS

  2014cites this paper
• Detecting the spin-orbit misalignment of the super-Earth 55 Cancri e

  2014cites this paper
• Satellite orbital precessions caused by the first odd zonal J3 multipole of a non-spherical body arbitrarily oriented in space

  2014cites this paper
• Improved Modeling of the Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect

  2014cites this paper
• Stellar Spin-Orbit Misalignment in a Multiplanet System

  2013cites this paper
• On the Possibility of Detecting Class A Stellar Engines Using Exoplanet Transit Curves

  2013cites this paper
• Secular chaos and its application to Mercury, hot Jupiters, and the organization of planetary systems

  2013cites this paper
• KEPLER-63b: A GIANT PLANET IN A POLAR ORBIT AROUND A YOUNG SUN-LIKE STAR

  2013cites this paper
• A Hot Jupiter in a Nearly Polar Orbit

  2013cites this paper
• ON THE DYNAMICS AND ORIGIN OF HAUMEA'S MOONS

  2013cites this paper
• ASTEROSEISMIC DETERMINATION OF OBLIQUITIES OF THE EXOPLANET SYSTEMS KEPLER-50 AND KEPLER-65

  2013cites this paper
• Light curves of stars and exoplanets: estimating inclination, obliquity and albedo

  2013cites this paper
• A NEARLY POLAR ORBIT FOR THE EXTRASOLAR HOT JUPITER WASP-79b

  2013influential citation
• FRIENDS OF HOT JUPITERS. I. A RADIAL VELOCITY SEARCH FOR MASSIVE, LONG-PERIOD COMPANIONS TO CLOSE-IN GAS GIANT PLANETS

  2013cites this paper
• Physical properties of the WASP-44 planetary system from simultaneous multi-colour photometry

  2013cites this paper
• Ionization impact on molecular clouds and star formation Numerical simulations and observations

  2012cites this paper
• Detection and Characterization of Transiting Systems with Smaller Exoplanets

  2012cites this paper
• Alignment of the stellar spin with the orbits of a three-planet system

  2012cites this paper
• A DETECTION OF Hα IN AN EXOPLANETARY EXOSPHERE

  2012cites this paper
• MEASUREMENTS OF STELLAR INCLINATIONS FOR KEPLER PLANET CANDIDATES

  2012cites this paper
• THE BANANA PROJECT. IV. TWO ALIGNED STELLAR ROTATION AXES IN THE YOUNG ECCENTRIC BINARY SYSTEM EP CRUCIS: PRIMORDIAL ORIENTATION AND TIDAL ALIGNMENT

  2012cites this paper
• IRSF SIRIUS JHKs Simultaneous Transit Photometry of GJ1214b

  2012cites this paper
• SOAP-T: a tool to study the light curve and radial velocity of a system with a transiting planet and a rotating spotted star

  2012cites this paper
• HATS-1b: THE FIRST TRANSITING PLANET DISCOVERED BY THE HATSouth SURVEY

  2012cites this paper