The Pharmacology of Acute Lung Injury in Sepsis

Acute lung injury (ALI) secondary to sepsis is one of the leading causes of death in sepsis. As such, many pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies have been employed to attenuate its course. Very few of these strategies have proven beneficial. In this paper, we discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of ALI, commonly employed pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments, and innovative therapeutic modalities that will likely be the focus of future trials.

• Publication year

  2011

• Venue

  Advances in Pharmacological Sciences

• Publication date

  2011-06-28

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1155/2011/254619PMID 21738527PMCID 3130333
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Modifications to surfactant protein B structure and lipid interactions under respiratory distress conditions: consequences of tryptophan oxidation.

  2011cited by this paper
• Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist: A Ventilation Tool or a Ventilation Toy?

  2011cited by this paper
• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for pediatric respiratory failure: Survival and predictors of mortality*

  2011cited by this paper
• Surfactant Composition and Biophysical Properties Are Important in Clinical Studies

  2010cited by this paper
• Severe hypoxemic respiratory failure: part 1--ventilatory strategies.

  2010cited by this paper
• Surfactant composition and biophysical properties are important in clinical studies.

  2010cited by this paper
• Overcoming rapid inactivation of lung surfactant: analogies between competitive adsorption and colloid stability.

  2010cited by this paper
• Update on acute lung injury and critical care medicine 2009.

  2010cited by this paper
• Pulmonary hypertension in children: A historical overview

  2010cited by this paper
• Recent trends in acute lung injury mortality: 1996–2005

  2010cited by this paper
• Switch from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to arteriovenous pumpless extracorporeal lung assist.

  2010cited by this paper
• Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury in children and adults.

  2010cited by this paper
• Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome.

  2010influential reference
• Mesenchymal stem cells reduce inflammation while enhancing bacterial clearance and improving survival in sepsis.

  2010cited by this paper
• Rescue therapy in adult and pediatric patients with pH1N1 influenza infection: A tertiary center intensive care unit experience from April to October 2009*

  2010cited by this paper
• Inhaled activated protein C protects mice from ventilator-induced lung injury

  2010cited by this paper
• Different Effects of Surfactant Proteins B and C – Implications for Development of Synthetic Surfactants

  2010cited by this paper
• Perfluorocarbon Dosing when Starting Partial Liquid Ventilation: Haemodynamics and Cerebral Blood Flow in Preterm Lambs

  2009cited by this paper
• Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal to “protect” the lung

  2009cited by this paper
• Hypoxia-induced alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal transition requires mitochondrial ROS and hypoxia-inducible factor 1.

  2009cited by this paper
• Pulmonary surfactant kinetics of the newborn infant: novel insights from studies with stable isotopes

  2009cited by this paper
• Isolation and Characterization of Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Human Glomeruli

  2009cited by this paper
• Efficacy and economic assessment of conventional ventilatory support versus extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe adult respiratory failure (CESAR): a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

  2009cited by this paper
• Alveolar fibroblasts in acute lung injury: biological behaviour and clinical relevance

  2009cited by this paper
• Exogenous natural surfactant for treatment of acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

  2009cited by this paper
• Growth of the lung parenchyma early in life.

  2009cited by this paper
• Recent trends in acute lung injury mortality: 1996–2005*

  2009cited by this paper
• Higher versus lower positive end-expiratory pressures in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

  2009cited by this paper
• Management of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in children.

  2009cited by this paper
• Two forms of diffuse alveolar damage in the lungs of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

  2009cited by this paper
• A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study of intravenous adult human mesenchymal stem cells (prochymal) after acute myocardial infarction.

  2009cited by this paper
• Has mortality from acute respiratory distress syndrome decreased over time?: A systematic review.

  2009cited by this paper
• Efficacy and Safety of Corticosteroids for Persistent Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

  2009cited by this paper
• The role of surfactant treatment in preterm infants and term newborns with acute respiratory distress syndrome

  2009cited by this paper
• Chronic lung disease after premature birth.

  2008cited by this paper
• The use of an inflammation-modulating diet in patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome: a meta-analysis of outcome data.

  2008cited by this paper
• Surfactant Status in Preterm Neonates Recovering From Respiratory Distress Syndrome

  2008cited by this paper
• Surfactants: past, present and future

  2008cited by this paper
• Comparison of Two Fluid-Management Strategies in Acute Lung Injury

  2008cited by this paper
• Ventilation strategy using low tidal volumes, recruitment maneuvers, and high positive end-expiratory pressure for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

  2008cited by this paper
• Methylprednisolone infusion in early severe ARDS: results of a randomized controlled trial.

  2007cited by this paper
• Chronic lung disease after premature birth.

  2007cited by this paper
• Steroid treatment in ARDS: a critical appraisal of the ARDS network trial and the recent literature

  2007cited by this paper
• Patients with ARDS show improvement but not normalisation of alveolar surface activity with surfactant treatment: putative role of neutral lipids

  2007influential reference
• Enhanced myofibroblastic differentiation and survival in Thy-1(-) lung fibroblasts.

  2007cited by this paper
• Pediatric acute lung injury.

  2007cited by this paper
• Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome induces myofibroblast differentiation

  2007cited by this paper
• Intrapulmonary Delivery of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Survival and Attenuates Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice1

  2007cited by this paper
• Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal

  2006cited by this paper
• Inhaled beta-2 agonist salbutamol and acute lung injury: an association with improvement in acute lung injury

  2006cited by this paper
• Protein C concentrations in severe sepsis: an early directional change in plasma levels predicts outcome

  2006cited by this paper
• The β-agonist lung injury trial (BALTI) : A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

  2006cited by this paper
• Effect of low doses of corticosteroids in septic shock patients with or without early acute respiratory distress syndrome*

  2006cited by this paper
• Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury.

  2006cited by this paper
• The beta-agonist lung injury trial (BALTI): a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

  2006cited by this paper
• Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome.

  2006cited by this paper
• Benefit of an enteral diet enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid and gamma-linolenic acid in ventilated patients with acute lung injury*

  2006cited by this paper
• Variable costs of ICU patients: a multicenter prospective study

  2006cited by this paper
• High frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional mechanical ventilation in adult respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN24242669]

  2005cited by this paper
• Pediatric acute lung injury: prospective evaluation of risk factors associated with mortality.

  2005cited by this paper
• A randomized, controlled trial of furosemide with or without albumin in hypoproteinemic patients with acute lung injury*

  2005cited by this paper
• cAMP Has Distinct Acute and Chronic Effects on Aquaporin-5 in Lung Epithelial Cells*

  2005cited by this paper
• Hydrocortisone infusion for severe community-acquired pneumonia: a preliminary randomized study.

  2005cited by this paper
• Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in repair of the injured lung.

  2005cited by this paper
• Effect of prone positioning on clinical outcomes in children with acute lung injury: a randomized controlled trial.

  2005cited by this paper
• Pulmonary applications of perfluorochemical liquids: ventilation and beyond.

  2005cited by this paper
• Effect of exogenous surfactant (calfactant) in pediatric acute lung injury: a randomized controlled trial.

  2005cited by this paper
• Upregulation of Alveolar Epithelial Active Na+ Transport Is Dependent on β2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling

  2004cited by this paper
• Effect of recombinant surfactant protein C-based surfactant on the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

  2004cited by this paper
• Airway pressure release ventilation as a primary ventilatory mode in acute respiratory distress syndrome

  2004cited by this paper
• Acquired neuromuscular disorders in the intensive care unit.

  2003cited by this paper
• Mesenchymal stem cell engraftment in lung is enhanced in response to bleomycin exposure and ameliorates its fibrotic effects

  2003cited by this paper
• Albumin and furosemide therapy in hypoproteinemic patients with acute lung injury*

  2002cited by this paper
• High-frequency oscillatory ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: a randomized, controlled trial.

  2002cited by this paper
• EFFECT OF PRONE POSITIONING ON THE SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE

  2001cited by this paper
• Effect of prone positioning on the survival of patients with acute respiratory failure.

  2001cited by this paper
• Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis.

  2001cited by this paper
• Multi-organ, multi-lineage engraftment by a single bone marrow-derived stem cell.

  2001cited by this paper
• international consensus statement

  2000cited by this paper
• Prophylactic natural surfactant extract for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.

  2000cited by this paper
• Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

  2000cited by this paper
• American Thoracic Society. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment. International consensus statement. American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS).

  2000cited by this paper
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Diagnosis and treatment: International Consensus Statement

  2000cited by this paper
• Alveolar epithelial fluid transport can be simultaneously upregulated by both KGF and beta-agonist therapy.

  1999cited by this paper
• Continuous dose furosemide as a therapeutic approach to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

  1999cited by this paper
• Immunosuppressive and cytotoxic effects of furosemide on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

  1999cited by this paper
• Effect of prolonged methylprednisolone therapy in unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

  1998cited by this paper
• Prophylactic synthetic surfactant for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.

  1998cited by this paper
• The acute respiratory distress syndrome: fibrosis in the fast lane

  1998cited by this paper
• Partial Liquid Ventilation with Perflubron in Premature Infants with Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome

  1997cited by this paper
• Prophylactic animal derived surfactant extract for preventing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants

  1997cited by this paper
• Bovine surfactant therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

  1997cited by this paper
• Randomized clinical trial of pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation and extracorporeal CO2 removal for adult respiratory distress syndrome.

  1997cited by this paper
• Calf's lung surfactant extract in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in children.

  1996cited by this paper
• Initial experience with partial liquid ventilation in pediatric patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

  1996cited by this paper
• Partial liquid ventilation with perflubron in premature infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome. The LiquiVent Study Group.

  1996cited by this paper
• Aerosolized Surfactant in Adults with Sepsis-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

  1996cited by this paper
• Aerosolized surfactant in adults with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Exosurf Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Sepsis Study Group.

  1996cited by this paper
• The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination.

  1994cited by this paper
• Randomized clinical trial of pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation and extracorporeal CO2 removal for adult respiratory distress syndrome.

  1994cited by this paper

• Oxycodone attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury by regulating mitophagy via the HO-1 pathway

  2025cites this paper
• Xuanfei Baidu Decoction Alleviated Sepsis-Induced ALI by Modulating Gut Microbial Homeostasis and Promoting Inflammation Resolution: Bioinformatics and Experimental Study

  2025cites this paper
• Role of ATF3 triggering M2 macrophage polarization to protect against the inflammatory injury of sepsis through ILF3/NEAT1 axis

  2024cites this paper
• iRhom2 deficiency reduces sepsis-induced mortality associated with the attenuation of lung macrophages in mice

  2024cites this paper
• USP7 upregulated by TGF-β1 promotes ferroptosis via inhibiting LATS1-YAP axis in sepsis-induced acute lung injury

  2024cites this paper
• Bojungikgi-tang Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Macrophages and C57BL/6 Mice

  2023cites this paper
• Aquaporin Expression and Regulation in Clinical and Experimental Sepsis

  2023cites this paper
• Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of betaine protect against sepsis-induced acute lung injury: CT and histological evidence

  2023cites this paper
• CircEXOC5 aggravates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by promoting ferroptosis through the IGF2BP2/ATF3 axis.

  2023cites this paper
• Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Acute and Chronic Lung Injuries

  2023cites this paper
• CircEXOC5 promotes ferroptosis by enhancing ACSL4 mRNA stability via binding to PTBP1 in sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

  2022cites this paper
• Cyclic helix B peptide ameliorated the sepsis-induced injury in human HPMEC cells through regulating NF-κB.

  2022cites this paper
• Rhamnetin, a Natural Flavonoid, Ameliorates Organ Damage in a Mouse Model of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-Induced Sepsis

  2022cites this paper
• Dekspantenol, Sıçanlarda LPS'nin Neden Olduğu Akut Akciğer Hasarında Artan VCAM-1 ve Kaspaz-3 Ekspresyonlarını Azaltarak İnflamasyonu ve Apoptozu İnhibe Eder

  2022cites this paper
• Exogenous ketone ester administration attenuates systemic inflammation and reduces organ damage in a lipopolysaccharide model of sepsis.

  2022cites this paper
• Fucoxanthin decreases lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute lung injury through the inhibition of RhoA activation and the NF‐κB pathway

  2022cites this paper
• Design and synthesis of adamantyl-substituted flavonoid derivatives as anti-inflammatory Nur77 modulators: Compound B7 targets Nur77 and improves LPS-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo.

  2022cites this paper
• Anti-inflammatory Effects of Statins in Lung Vascular Pathology: From Basic Science to Clinical Trials.

  2021cites this paper
• Seabuckthorn Berries Extract Attenuates Pulmonary Vascular Hyperpermeability in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice

  2021influential citation
• Long non-coding RNA LINC01194 promotes the inflammatory response and apoptosis of LPS-treated MLE 12 cells through the miR-203a-3p /MIP-2 axis.

  2021cites this paper
• Design, synthesis, and SAR study of novel 4,5-dihydropyrazole-Thiazole derivatives with anti-inflammatory activities for the treatment of sepsis.

  2021cites this paper
• Inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 ameliorates acute lung injury in mice

  2021cites this paper
• Hydrogen alleviates cell damage and acute lung injury in sepsis via PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy

  2021cites this paper
• Loganin alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by regulating macrophage polarization and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

  2021cites this paper
• Narciclasine improves outcome in sepsis among neonatal rats via inhibition of calprotectin and alleviating inflammatory responses

  2020cites this paper
• Citrullinated Histone H3 as a Therapeutic Target for Endotoxic Shock in Mice

  2020cites this paper
• Immunomodulatory Effect of Doxycycline Ameliorates Systemic and Pulmonary Inflammation in a Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis Model

  2020cites this paper
• Verification of the Effects of Red Light-emitting Diode Therapy on Acute Lung Injury in a Sepsis Model in Rats

  2020cites this paper
• Seabuckthorn Berries Attenuate Pulmonary Vascular Hyperpermeability in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice

  2020cites this paper
• Protective Effect of Hesperidin Against Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury by Inducing the Heat-Stable Protein 70 (Hsp70)/Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/ Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88 (MyD88) Pathway

  2019cites this paper
• L-Lysine protects against sepsis-induced chronic lung injury in male albino rats.

  2019cites this paper
• Transcriptome Meta-Analysis Deciphers a Dysregulation in Immune Response-Associated Gene Signatures during Sepsis

  2019cites this paper
• Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase by A769662 Ameliorates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Adult Mice.

  2019influential citation
• Protective Effect of Tubastatin A in CLP-Induced Lethal Sepsis

  2018cites this paper
• Inducible nitric oxide synthase during the late phase of sepsis is associated with hypothermia and immune cell migration

  2018cites this paper
• Small-for-Size Syndrome: Bridging the Gap Between Liver Transplantation and Graft Recovery

  2017cites this paper
• Investigating implications and mechanisms of diet induced obesity for multi organ function in a murine model of early sepsis

  2017cites this paper
• Post-screening characterisation and in vivo evaluation of an anti-inflammatory polysaccharide fraction from Eucommia ulmoides.

  2017cites this paper
• Rutin improves endotoxin‐induced acute lung injury via inhibition of iNOS and VCAM‐1 expression

  2016cites this paper
• Lipopolysaccharide Cross-Tolerance Delays Platelet-Activating Factor-Induced Sudden Death in Swiss Albino Mice: Involvement of Cyclooxygenase in Cross-Tolerance

  2016cites this paper
• Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Novel Indole-2-carboxamide Derivatives as Anti-inflammatory Agents for the Treatment of Sepsis.

  2016cites this paper
• CGRP 8-37 enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury and regulating aquaporin 1 and 5 expressions in rats

  2016cites this paper
• Atorvastatin along with imipenem attenuates acute lung injury in sepsis through decrease in inflammatory mediators and bacterial load.

  2015cites this paper
• Development of a Murine Model of Early Sepsis in Diet-Induced Obesity

  2014cites this paper
• Experimental models of acute respiratory distress syndrome

  2014cites this paper
• Experimental models of acute respiratory distress syndrome

  2014cites this paper
• Protective effect of rutin on LPS-induced acute lung injury via down-regulation of MIP-2 expression and MMP-9 activation through inhibition of Akt phosphorylation.

  2014cites this paper
• Experimental Models of Acute Lung Injury

  2014cites this paper
• Key roles for the small leucine-rich proteoglycans in renal and pulmonary pathophysiology.

  2014cites this paper
• Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in intensive care septic patients based on the KDIGO guidelines

  2014cites this paper
• Protective effect of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract, EGb761, on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury via a JNK- and Akt-dependent NFκB pathway.

  2014cites this paper
• Role of iNOS in septic pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell activation

  2013influential citation
• Therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on pulmonary impact injury complicated with endotoxemia in rats.

  2013cites this paper
• Involvement of the Rho kinases in mediating sepsis.

  2011cites this paper
• Vanilloid Type 1 Channel Activation Injury via Transient Receptor Potential Metabolite in Sepsis-Evoked Acute Lung Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin E Hydrogen Sulfide Upregulates

  2011influential citation
• Hydrogen Sulfide Upregulates Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostaglandin E Metabolite in Sepsis-Evoked Acute Lung Injury via Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 Channel Activation

  2011influential citation