Medical Image Analysis using Convolutional Neural Networks: A Review

The science of solving clinical problems by analyzing images generated in clinical practice is known as medical image analysis. The aim is to extract information in an affective and efficient manner for improved clinical diagnosis. The recent advances in the field of biomedical engineering have made medical image analysis one of the top research and development area. One of the reasons for this advancement is the application of machine learning techniques for the analysis of medical images. Deep learning is successfully used as a tool for machine learning, where a neural network is capable of automatically learning features. This is in contrast to those methods where traditionally hand crafted features are used. The selection and calculation of these features is a challenging task. Among deep learning techniques, deep convolutional networks are actively used for the purpose of medical image analysis. This includes application areas such as segmentation, abnormality detection, disease classification, computer aided diagnosis and retrieval. In this study, a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art in medical image analysis using deep convolutional networks is presented. The challenges and potential of these techniques are also highlighted.

• Publication year

  2017

• Venue

  Journal of medical systems

• Publication date

  2017-09-04

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Computer Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1007/s10916-018-1088-1arXiv 1709.02250PMID 30298337
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Retrieval

  2020cited by this paper
• Hello World Deep Learning in Medical Imaging

  2018cited by this paper
• Capsules for Object Segmentation

  2018cited by this paper
• Deep Learning Tutorial

  2018cited by this paper
• W-net: Bridged U-net for 2D Medical Image Segmentation

  2018cited by this paper
• Brain tumor segmentation on Multimodal MRI scans using EMAP Algorithm

  2018cited by this paper
• UNet++: A Nested U-Net Architecture for Medical Image Segmentation

  2018cited by this paper
• A computational framework for the detection of subcortical brain dysmaturation in neonatal MRI using 3D Convolutional Neural Networks

  2018cited by this paper
• Artery and vein segmentation of the cerebral vasculature in 4D CT using a 3D fully convolutional neural network

  2018cited by this paper
• A Computer-Aided Decision Support System for Detection and Localization of Cutaneous Vasculature in Dermoscopy Images Via Deep Feature Learning

  2018cited by this paper
• Multi-class Alzheimer's disease classification using image and clinical features

  2018cited by this paper
• Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Eight-Layer Convolutional Neural Network with Leaky Rectified Linear Unit and Max Pooling

  2018cited by this paper
• Medical Image Retrieval with Compact Binary Codes Generated in Frequency Domain Using Highly Reactive Convolutional Features

  2018cited by this paper
• A deep CNN based multi-class classification of Alzheimer's disease using MRI

  2017cited by this paper
• Joint Sequence Learning and Cross-Modality Convolution for 3D Biomedical Segmentation

  2017cited by this paper
• Enhancing deep convolutional neural network scheme for breast cancer diagnosis with unlabeled data

  2017cited by this paper
• VoxResNet: Deep voxelwise residual networks for brain segmentation from 3D MR images

  2017cited by this paper
• Large scale deep learning for computer aided detection of mammographic lesions

  2017cited by this paper
• MRI segmentation fusion for brain tumor detection

  2017cited by this paper
• Geometric Convolutional Neural Network for Analyzing Surface-Based Neuroimaging Data

  2017cited by this paper
• Segmentation of Glioma Tumors in Brain Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network

  2017cited by this paper
• A hybrid edge-based segmentation approach for ultrasound medical images

  2017cited by this paper
• Adaptive latent fingerprint segmentation using feature selection and random decision forest classification

  2017cited by this paper
• Artificial intelligence based smart diagnosis of alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment

  2017cited by this paper
• A pre‐trained convolutional neural network based method for thyroid nodule diagnosis

  2017cited by this paper
• Image Retrieval Based on Local Mesh Vector Co-occurrence Pattern for Medical Diagnosis from MRI Brain Images

  2017cited by this paper
• Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks

  2017cited by this paper
• Medical image retrieval using deep convolutional neural network

  2017cited by this paper
• Endoscopic Image Classification and Retrieval using Clustered Convolutional Features

  2017cited by this paper
• A multi-scale 3D Otsu thresholding algorithm for medical image segmentation

  2017cited by this paper
• Adversarial Discriminative Domain Adaptation

  2017cited by this paper
• Brain tumor segmentation using cascaded deep convolutional neural network

  2017cited by this paper
• The Effectiveness of Data Augmentation in Image Classification using Deep Learning

  2017cited by this paper
• Fast wavelet based image characterization for content based medical image retrieval

  2017influential reference
• The adaptive computer‐aided diagnosis system based on tumor sizes for the classification of breast tumors detected at screening ultrasound

  2017cited by this paper
• Benchmarking State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Software Tools

  2016cited by this paper
• Efficient multi‐scale 3D CNN with fully connected CRF for accurate brain lesion segmentation

  2016cited by this paper
• Convolutional Neural Networks for Diabetic Retinopathy

  2016cited by this paper
• CASDES: A Computer-Aided System to Support Dry Eye Diagnosis Based on Tear Film Maps

  2016cited by this paper
• Deep Learning

  2016cited by this paper
• Machine Learning Methods for Binary and Multiclass Classification of Melanoma Thickness From Dermoscopic Images

  2016cited by this paper
• 3D U-Net: Learning Dense Volumetric Segmentation from Sparse Annotation

  2016cited by this paper
• Deep 3D Convolutional Encoder Networks With Shortcuts for Multiscale Feature Integration Applied to Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation

  2016cited by this paper
• Convolutional Neural Networks for Medical Image Analysis: Full Training or Fine Tuning?

  2016cited by this paper
• Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Computer-Aided Detection: CNN Architectures, Dataset Characteristics and Transfer Learning

  2016cited by this paper
• Deep Learning in Medical Imaging: Overview and Future Promise of an Exciting New Technique

  2016cited by this paper
• Automatic Segmentation of MR Brain Images With a Convolutional Neural Network

  2016cited by this paper
• Predicting brain age with deep learning from raw imaging data results in a reliable and heritable biomarker

  2016cited by this paper
• A Perspective on Deep Imaging

  2016cited by this paper
• An efficient radiographic Image Retrieval system using Convolutional Neural Network

  2016influential reference
• A CAD System for the Detection of Abnormalities in the Mammograms Using the Metaheuristic Algorithm Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

  2016cited by this paper
• Comparative Local Quality Assessment of 3D Medical Image Segmentations with Focus on Statistical Shape Model-Based Algorithms

  2016cited by this paper
• Deep Learning for Multi-Task Medical Image Segmentation in Multiple Modalities

  2016cited by this paper
• Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostics by a Deeply Supervised Adaptable 3D Convolutional Network

  2016cited by this paper
• Multi stage classification and segmentation of brain tumor

  2016cited by this paper
• Combining Generative and Discriminative Representation Learning for Lung CT Analysis With Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machines

  2016cited by this paper
• Computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer using cytological images: A systematic review.

  2016cited by this paper
• Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Convolutional Neural Networks in MRI Images

  2016cited by this paper
• Deep learning for digital pathology image analysis: A comprehensive tutorial with selected use cases

  2016cited by this paper
• Pulmonary Nodule Detection in CT Images: False Positive Reduction Using Multi-View Convolutional Networks

  2016cited by this paper
• Regional deep learning model for visual tracking

  2016cited by this paper
• VoxResNet: Deep Voxelwise Residual Networks for Volumetric Brain Segmentation

  2016cited by this paper
• Locality Sensitive Deep Learning for Detection and Classification of Nuclei in Routine Colon Cancer Histology Images

  2016cited by this paper
• AggNet: Deep Learning From Crowds for Mitosis Detection in Breast Cancer Histology Images

  2016cited by this paper
• 3D convolutional neural networks for brain tumor segmentation

  2016cited by this paper
• A Review of Computer Vision Methods for Purpose on Computer-Aided Diagnosis

  2016cited by this paper
• An unsupervised learning method with a clustering approach for tumor identification and tissue segmentation in magnetic resonance brain images

  2016cited by this paper
• V-Net: Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentation

  2016cited by this paper
• Multi-Instance Deep Learning: Discover Discriminative Local Anatomies for Bodypart Recognition

  2016cited by this paper
• Lung Pattern Classification for Interstitial Lung Diseases Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network

  2016cited by this paper
• Novel Approaches for Diagnosing Melanoma Skin Lesions Through Supervised and Deep Learning Algorithms

  2016cited by this paper
• Deep multi-scale location-aware 3D convolutional neural networks for automated detection of lacunes of presumed vascular origin

  2016cited by this paper
• Detection of Left Ventricular Regional Dysfunction and Myocardial Abnormalities Using Complementary Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis without Cardiac Symptoms: A Pilot Study.

  2016cited by this paper
• Brain tumor segmentation with Deep Neural Networks

  2015cited by this paper
• A novel fast image segmentation algorithm for large topographic maps

  2015cited by this paper
• Multimodal Segmentation of Optic Disc and Cup From SD-OCT and Color Fundus Photographs Using a Machine-Learning Graph-Based Approach

  2015cited by this paper
• Modified artificial bee colony based computationally efficient multilevel thresholding for satellite image segmentation using Kapur's, Otsu and Tsallis functions

  2015cited by this paper
• Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift

  2015cited by this paper
• Medical image segmentation on GPUs - A comprehensive review

  2015cited by this paper
• Deep convolutional neural networks for multi-modality isointense infant brain image segmentation

  2015cited by this paper
• Complex wavelet algorithm for computer-aided diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

  2015cited by this paper
• Computer-Aided Prostate Cancer Diagnosis From Digitized Histopathology: A Review on Texture-Based Systems

  2015cited by this paper
• Improving Computer-Aided Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Random View Aggregation

  2015cited by this paper
• Fuzzy image segmentation based upon hierarchical clustering

  2015cited by this paper
• Multiple instance learning for computer aided detection and diagnosis of gastric cancer with dual-energy CT imaging

  2015cited by this paper
• Deep Learning

  2015cited by this paper
• Content Based Image Retrieval using Line Edge Singular Value Pattern (LESVP): A Review Paper

  2015cited by this paper
• Predicting Alzheimer's disease: a neuroimaging study with 3D convolutional neural networks

  2015cited by this paper
• A Computer-Aided Diagnosis Scheme For Detection Of Fatty Liver In Vivo Based On Ultrasound Kurtosis Imaging

  2015cited by this paper
• Optic disc localization using local vessel based features and support vector machine

  2015cited by this paper
• Autoencoding the retrieval relevance of medical images

  2015cited by this paper
• Deep feature learning with relative distance comparison for person re-identification

  2015cited by this paper
• Supervised Variational Model With Statistical Inference and Its Application in Medical Image Segmentation

  2015cited by this paper
• A multilevel color image thresholding scheme based on minimum cross entropy and differential evolution

  2015cited by this paper
• Autonomous Glaucoma detection from fundus image using cup to disc ratio and hybrid features

  2015cited by this paper
• Content-based image retrieval in dermatology using intelligent technique

  2015cited by this paper
• Tsallis entropy based multilevel thresholding for colored satellite image segmentation using evolutionary algorithms

  2015cited by this paper
• Deep Learning: Methods and Applications

  2014cited by this paper
• Incremental Learning With Selective Memory (ILSM): Towards Fast Prostate Localization for Image Guided Radiotherapy

  2014cited by this paper
• Deep Learning for Content-Based Image Retrieval: A Comprehensive Study

  2014cited by this paper

• Deep Learning-Based Detection of Carotid Artery Atheromas in Panoramic Radiographs

  2026cites this paper
• The application of convolutional neural networks for brain age prediction: A systematic review

  2026cites this paper
• Enhancing cross-dataset generalization with quasi-multimodal training and the diamond hybrid backbone

  2026cites this paper
• Masked autoencoding, generalizable pretraining, and integrated experts for enhanced glioma segmentation

  2026cites this paper
• AACNN-ViT: Adaptive Attention-Augmented Convolutional and Vision Transformer Fusion for Lung Cancer Detection.

  2026cites this paper
• Optical logic convolutional neural network.

  2026cites this paper
• Explainable artificial intelligence system using a convolutional neural network for designing major connectors of removable partial denture framework.

  2026cites this paper
• Adjusting inspiratory rise time alters mechanical power in acute respiratory distress syndrome: opposing effects in pressure-controlled and volume-controlled ventilation modes.

  2026cites this paper
• GPTNeXt: Biomedical Image Classification Investigations.

  2026cites this paper
• Clinical validation of lightweight CNN architectures for reliable multi-class classification of lung cancer using histopathological imaging techniques

  2026cites this paper
• Impact of magnification on deep learning approaches through comprehensive comparative study of histopathological breast cancer classification

  2026cites this paper
• Adaptive Label Error Detection: A Bayesian Approach to Mislabeled Data Detection

  2026cites this paper
• SynSAM: a hybrid synchronous learning framework with knowledge retention for prostate zonal segmentation leveraging the segment anything model.

  2026cites this paper
• MRID: Modeling Radiological Image Differences for Disease Progression Reasoning via Multi-Task Self-Supervision

  2026cites this paper
• Smart Models and Medical Imaging Technologies: Analyzing Their Impact on Diagnosis and Treatment

  2026cites this paper
• Artificial Intelligence in Animal Anatomy: Exploring the technologies, applications, Benefits, and challenges.

  2026cites this paper
• Accuracy enhancement in melanoma diagnosis: A comparative study of residual networks and visual geometry group architectures

  2026cites this paper
• Deep learning and high-resolution magnetic resonance vascular wall imaging: current challenges and future perspectives.

  2026cites this paper
• AG-VAS: Anchor-Guided Zero-Shot Visual Anomaly Segmentation with Large Multimodal Models

  2026cites this paper
• CRC-Former: frequency-domain adaptive swin-transformer for colorectal cancer histopathology classification

  2026cites this paper
• Advances in Medical Image Processing for Early Breast Cancer Detection: Classical Techniques and Deep Learning Perspectives

  2026cites this paper
• Hyperuniformity of weighted particle systems

  2026cites this paper
• Deep Learning in Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering: A Review on Current Advances and Future Perspectives

  2026cites this paper
• From task-specific to foundation models: A paradigm shift in medical vision-language analysis

  2026cites this paper
• General CNN model for biomedical image classification via genetic algorithm-based hyperparameter optimization

  2026cites this paper
• Early detection of pressure injuries via infrared thermography and ConvNeXt

  2026cites this paper
• Artificial Intelligence Models for the Detection and Quantification of Orthodontically Induced Root Resorption Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

  2026cites this paper
• Edge extraction using Canny, Roberts and Log operators considering decomposition of medical RGB-images into separate color spaces: A case of non-repetitive use of such operators

  2026cites this paper
• Evaluating deep learning models for pancreatic cancer diagnosis.

  2026cites this paper
• Graph-Based Learning for Ophthalmic Image Analysis: Models, Methodologies, and Future Directions

  2026cites this paper
• Real-world readiness: Evaluating AI model performance in degraded photographic imaging for cancer detection

  2026cites this paper
• Quantifying central canal stenosis prediction uncertainty in SpineNet with conformal prediction

  2026cites this paper
• MDA-UNet: A multi-dimensional attention model to enhance fuzzy boundary segmentation in MRI of liver metastases

  2026cites this paper
• A medical image watermarking method based on the combination of DTCWT and PSO optimization

  2026cites this paper
• The Influence of Preoperative Skeletal Muscle Quantification on Prognosis in Patients With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

  2026cites this paper
• GAFR-Net: A Graph Attention and Fuzzy-Rule Network for Interpretable Breast Cancer Image Classification

  2026cites this paper
• Effect of contrast change on image analysis of megaloblastic anemia cells based on wavelet ideology for different color spaces

  2026cites this paper
• Formal Verification of Neural Certificates Done Dynamically

  2025cites this paper
• An Efficient Deep Learning Model for Content Based Medical Image Retrieval

  2025cites this paper
• An Automatic Arrival Time Parametric Imaging Method for the Classification of Blood Perfusion Direction of Lymph Nodes in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Videos.

  2025cites this paper
• SkinFLNet: A Federated Learning Approach for Skin Cancer Detection Utilizing Skin Dermoscopy Images

  2025cites this paper
• Retrieval-based adaptive fusion strategy for medical report generation

  2025cites this paper
• Carotid artery dissection recanalization: imaging modalities, influencing factors, and therapeutic perspectives.

  2025cites this paper
• Advancements in computer-aided breast cancer diagnosis utilizing deep learning and medical imaging

  2025cites this paper
• Detection and classification of enhanced periapical lesion images with YOLO algorithms

  2025cites this paper
• Fair Contribution Evaluation in Federated Learning for Medical Image Analysis Using the Banzhaf Index

  2025cites this paper
• Review: Intrauterine growth restriction, diagnosis and physiological characterisation in pigs.

  2025cites this paper
• Random Satisfiability Logic-Driven Approach in the Hopfield Neural Networks with Application to COVID-19 Datasets

  2025cites this paper
• PET Neuroimaging Enhancements for Improved Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection

  2025cites this paper
• Multi-Objective Evolutionary Optimization Boosted Deep Neural Networks for Few-Shot Medical Segmentation With Noisy Labels

  2025influential citation
• Machine Learning (ML) Algorithms for Diagnosing Blood Cancer in Blood Smear Images

  2025cites this paper
• From Data-Driven to Purpose-Driven Artificial Intelligence: Systems Thinking for Data-Analytic Automation of Patient Care

  2025cites this paper
• Artificial intelligence - based approaches based on random forest algorithm for signal analysis: Potential applications in detection of chemico - biological interactions.

  2025cites this paper
• CNN-Meth: A Tool to Accurately Predict Lysine Methylation Sites Using Evolutionary Information-Based Protein Modeling.

  2025cites this paper
• A Review of Deep Learning Approaches with CMR Images in the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases

  2025cites this paper
• Explainable AI Approach for Cardiac Involvement Detection in Anderson-Fabry Disease

  2025cites this paper
• Optical Image Processing and Applications Empowered by Vision-Language Models

  2025cites this paper
• See-in-Pairs: Reference Image-Guided Comparative Vision-Language Models for Medical Diagnosis

  2025cites this paper
• Diagnostic Accuracy and Agreement Between AI and Clinicians in Orthodontic 3D Model Analysis

  2025cites this paper
• Convolutional neural networks for tumor segmentation by cancer type and imaging modality: a systematic review

  2025cites this paper
• Leveraging Deep Learning Models for Retinoblastoma Detection

  2025cites this paper
• Dual-Stream Contrastive Learning for Medical Visual Representations Using Synthetic Images Generated by Latent Diffusion Model

  2025cites this paper
• Evaluation of an AI facial recognition system for Turner Syndrome screening and facial complexity: a prospective cohort

  2025cites this paper
• Malaria detection using advanced U-net deep learning model

  2025cites this paper
• AirSeg: Learnable Interconnected Attention Framework for Robust Airway Segmentation

  2025cites this paper
• Advancing respiratory disease diagnosis: A deep learning and vision transformer-based approach with a novel X-ray dataset

  2025cites this paper
• A ground-based cloud image classification method for photovoltaic power prediction based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Vision Transformer

  2025cites this paper
• Knowledge Regularized Negative Feature Tuning of Vision-Language Models for Out-of-Distribution Detection

  2025cites this paper
• Deep-Learning Classifiers for Small Data Orthopedic Radiology

  2025cites this paper
• Integrating Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Predicting Non-Surgical Root Canal Treatment Outcomes Using Two-Dimensional Periapical Radiographs

  2025cites this paper
• Comparing three neural networks to predict depression treatment outcomes in psychological therapies.

  2025cites this paper
• A hybrid CNN-SVM model optimized with PSO for accurate and non-invasive brain tumor classification

  2025cites this paper
• A critical assessment of artificial intelligence in magnetic resonance imaging of cancer

  2025cites this paper
• Predicting the efficacy of microwave ablation of benign thyroid nodules from ultrasound images using deep convolutional neural networks

  2025cites this paper
• An Improved Ensemble Method With Data Resampling for Credit Risk Prediction

  2025cites this paper
• COVID-19 Severity Classification Using Hybrid Feature Extraction: Integrating Persistent Homology, Convolutional Neural Networks and Vision Transformers

  2025cites this paper
• From Diagnosis to Treatment: A Review of AI Applications in Psoriasis Management

  2025cites this paper
• A vision transformer-convolutional neural network framework for decision-transparent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry recommendations using chest low-dose CT

  2025cites this paper
• Bayesian Prompt Flow Learning for Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection

  2025cites this paper
• Deep learning based on ultrasound images predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in postoperative patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

  2025cites this paper
• Evaluation of CNN Architectures for Brain Tumor Identification and Classification

  2025cites this paper
• Models to Identify Small Brain White Matter Hyperintensity Lesions

  2025cites this paper
• Histopathology image classification based on semantic correlation clustering domain adaptation

  2025cites this paper
• On the application of Physically-Guided Neural Networks with Internal Variables to Continuum Problems

  2025cites this paper
• Brain tumor segmentation using multi-scale attention U-Net with EfficientNetB4 encoder for enhanced MRI analysis

  2025cites this paper
• How can artificial intelligence models advance placental biology?

  2025cites this paper
• A Neural Network Model for Intelligent Classification of Distal Radius Fractures Using Statistical Shape Model Extraction Features

  2025cites this paper
• UKBOB: One Billion MRI Labeled Masks for Generalizable 3D Medical Image Segmentation

  2025cites this paper
• Mitosis detection and classification for breast cancer diagnosis: What we know and what is next

  2025cites this paper
• A case study of scientific computing with limited precision numbers: Applying rescaling and baseline shifting techniques to a spectral Vlasov–Maxwell code

  2025cites this paper
• Automated quality evaluation of dental panoramic radiographs using deep learning

  2025cites this paper
• Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Medical Image Analysis: A Chest X-Ray Case Study

  2025cites this paper
• One‐Dimensional Deep Convolutional Neural Network‐Based Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method for Bearings Under Unbalanced Health and High‐Class Health States

  2025cites this paper
• Unbiased Sample Selection and Label Improvement for Mitigating Noisy Labels in Class-Imbalanced Datasets

  2025cites this paper
• A Mobile Platform for AI-Powered Underwater Image Processing

  2025cites this paper
• Pseudo Label-Guided Data Fusion and output consistency for semi-supervised medical image segmentation

  2025cites this paper
• Challenges in Using Deep Neural Networks Across Multiple Readers in Delineating Prostate Gland Anatomy

  2025cites this paper
• Brain-wide 3D neuron detection and mapping with deep learning

  2025cites this paper
• XLLC-Net: A lightweight and explainable CNN for accurate lung cancer classification using histopathological images

  2025cites this paper
• The value of radiomics and deep learning based on PET/CT in predicting perineural nerve invasion in rectal cancer

  2025cites this paper