Hyperuniformity of weighted particle systems

Hyperuniform particle arrangements are characterized by a local number variance that grows more slowly than the volume of the observation window. We generalize this concept to describe particle systems in which particles carry weights: internal degrees of freedom such as scalars, vectors, pseudovectors, directors, tensors, or extrinsic local attributes. Our generalization extends hyperuniformity from fluctuations in particle positions to fluctuations in the spatial distribution of weights. We derive generalized weighted pair correlation, autocovariance, and spectral functions, and show their relation to the local variance in weighted many-particle systems. Applying this formalism to bond-orientational ordered phases, dipolar liquid water, Voronoi-cell volumes, and certain ionic liquids, we demonstrate that hyperuniformity in the particle system does not necessarily translate to hyperuniformity of the weighted system. In fact, cases exist where a hyperuniform particle system becomes antihyperuniform when weighted, and others where nonhyperuniform or antihyperuniform particle systems yield hyperuniform weighted systems. This theoretical framework provides a road map for quantifying large-scale fluctuations in weighted many-particle systems, offering a powerful tool for identifying systems with novel physical properties.

• Publication year

  2026

• Venue

  Physical Review X

• Publication date

  2026-01-30

• Fields of study

  Physics

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1103/fr99-qh7harXiv 2603.02521
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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