Can everyone become highly intelligent? Cultural differences in and societal consequences of beliefs about the universal potential for intelligence.

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2012

• Venue

  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

• Publication date

  2012-07-16

• Fields of study

  Sociology, Medicine, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1037/a0029263PMID 22800285
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• A Choice Mind-Set Increases the Acceptance and Maintenance of Wealth Inequality

  2012cited by this paper
• Intelligence: new findings and theoretical developments.

  2012cited by this paper
• “It's ok — Not everyone can be good at math”: Instructors with an entity theory comfort (and demotivate) students

  2012cited by this paper
• Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Paying for Positive Group Esteem: How Inequity Frames Affect Whites' Responses to Redistributive Policies

  2011cited by this paper
• Consensus at the Heart of Division: Commentary on Norton and Ariely (2011)

  2011cited by this paper
• Building a Better America—One Wealth Quintile at a Time

  2011cited by this paper
• Cultural differences are not always reducible to individual differences

  2010cited by this paper
• In Blind Pursuit of Racial Equality?

  2010cited by this paper
• Who Confronts Prejudice?

  2010cited by this paper
• Ego Depletion—Is It All in Your Head?

  2010cited by this paper
• Latent Ability

  2009cited by this paper
• Inequality, discrimination, and the power of the status quo: Direct evidence for a motivation to see the way things are as the way they should be.

  2009cited by this paper
• A cultural task analysis of implicit independence: comparing North America, Western Europe, and East Asia.

  2009cited by this paper
• The Nature of Contemporary Prejudice: Insights from Aversive Racism

  2009cited by this paper
• On the malleability of ideology: motivated construals of color blindness.

  2009cited by this paper
• Taking from those that have more and giving to those that have less: How inequity frames affect corrections for inequity

  2009cited by this paper
• The Measurement of Intelligence An Explanation of and a Complete Guide for the Use of the Stanford Revision: and Extension of the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale

  2008cited by this paper
• Defensiveness Versus Remediation: Self-Theories and Modes of Self-Esteem Maintenance

  2008cited by this paper
• Implicit theories of intelligence predict achievement across an adolescent transition: a longitudinal study and an intervention.

  2007cited by this paper
• Priming meritocracy and the psychological justification of inequality

  2007cited by this paper
• White Americans' Genetic Lay Theories of Race Differences and Sexual Orientation: Their Relationship with Prejudice toward Blacks, and Gay Men and Lesbians

  2006cited by this paper
• The Protestant Work Ethic: A Lay Theory with Dual Intergroup Implications

  2006cited by this paper
• In genes we trust: the biological component of psychological essentialism and its relationship to mechanisms of motivated social cognition.

  2005cited by this paper
• THIRTY YEARS OF RESEARCH ON RACE DIFFERENCES IN COGNITIVE ABILITY

  2005cited by this paper
• Violations of implicit theories and the sense of prediction and control: implications for motivated person perception.

  2005cited by this paper
• A Decade of System Justification Theory: Accumulated Evidence of Conscious and Unconscious Bolstering of the Status Quo

  2004cited by this paper
• From Vulnerability to Resilience

  2004cited by this paper
• Culture and intelligence.

  2004cited by this paper
• Culture and agency: implications for psychological theories of motivation and social development.

  2003cited by this paper
• When Prejudice Does Not Pay

  2003cited by this paper
• Handbook of Research on Multicultural Education

  2003cited by this paper
• The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

  2002cited by this paper
• Racialized Politics: The Debate about Racism in America

  2002cited by this paper
• Are essentialist beliefs associated with prejudice?

  2002cited by this paper
• A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition.

  2002cited by this paper
• The regulation of explicit and implicit race bias: the role of motivations to respond without prejudice.

  2002cited by this paper
• Moral credentials and the expression of prejudice.

  2001cited by this paper
• Divergent consequences of success and failure in japan and north america: an investigation of self-improving motivations and malleable selves.

  2001influential reference
• Person theories and attention allocation: preferences for stereotypic versus counterstereotypic information.

  2001cited by this paper
• Static Versus Dynamic Theories and the Perception of Groups: Different Routes to Different Destinations

  2001cited by this paper
• Essentialist beliefs about social categories.

  2000cited by this paper
• Colorblindness as a barrier to inclusion : Assimilation and nonimmigrant minorities

  2000cited by this paper
• Self-theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality and Development. By Carol S. Dweck. Psychology Press, Hove, 1999. pp. 195. £29.95 (hb).

  2000cited by this paper
• Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action: Correlations With Demographic Variables and With Beliefs About Targets, Actions, and Economic Effects

  2000cited by this paper
• When ideology hurts: effects of belief in the protestant ethic and feeling overweight on the psychological well-being of women.

  1999cited by this paper
• Self-Theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality, and Development. Essays in Social Psychology.

  1999cited by this paper
• Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test.

  1998cited by this paper
• The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures.

  1998cited by this paper
• Stereotype formation and endorsement: The role of implicit theories.

  1998cited by this paper
• Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice

  1998cited by this paper
• A threat in the air. How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance.

  1997cited by this paper
• Equity and adequacy in school funding.

  1997cited by this paper
• Lay dispositionism and implicit theories of personality.

  1997cited by this paper
• The "big three" of morality (autonomy, community, divinity) and the "big three" explanations of suffering.

  1997cited by this paper
• Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns.

  1996cited by this paper
• The g factor

  1996cited by this paper
• Race and Sex Differences in Line Managers' Reactions to Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action Interventions

  1995cited by this paper
• The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life.

  1995cited by this paper
• Are Racial Stereotypes Really Fading? The Princeton Trilogy Revisited

  1995influential reference
• Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes.

  1994cited by this paper
• Children's implicit personality theories as predictors of their social judgments.

  1993cited by this paper
• The Learning Gap: Why our Schools are Failing and What We can Learn from Japanese and Chinese Education.

  1993cited by this paper
• India Through Hindu Categories

  1993cited by this paper
• Culture and moral judgment: how are conflicts between justice and interpersonal responsibilities resolved?

  1992cited by this paper
• Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.

  1991cited by this paper
• Perceptions of social responsibilities in India and in the United States: moral imperatives or personal decisions?

  1990cited by this paper
• A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality

  1988cited by this paper
• The measurement of social class in epidemiology.

  1988cited by this paper
• Beliefs About Inequality: American's Views of What Is and What Ought To Be

  1987cited by this paper
• Symbolic Racism: Problems of Motive Attribution in Political Analysis

  1986cited by this paper
• Motivational processes affecting learning.

  1986cited by this paper
• Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations

  1985cited by this paper
• Cultural Conceptions of Mental Health and Therapy

  1982cited by this paper
• The Mismeasure of Man

  1981influential reference
• On the Nature of Anthropological Understanding

  1975cited by this paper
• A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology.

  1960cited by this paper
• Crania Americana; Or, a Comparative View of the Skulls of Various Aboriginal Nations of North and South America: To Which Is Prefixed, an Essay on the Varieties of the Human Species

  year unknowncited by this paper
• Inequality, Discrimination, and the Power of the Status Quo: Direct Evidence for a Motivation to See the Way Things Are as the Way They Should Be

  year unknowncited by this paper
• PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Research Article Ironic Effects of Racial Bias During Interracial Interactions

  year unknowncited by this paper

• Characterizing the Content and Mechanisms of Instructor Messages that Communicate Instructor Beliefs About Ability to Undergraduates.

  2026cites this paper
• What does genius look like? Investigating brilliance bias in AI-generated images

  2025cites this paper
• Social context and daily fluctuations in adolescents’ mindset: the role of parental beliefs, appraisal of increasing marks, and feedback

  2025cites this paper
• Children's ability concepts: Their development, content, and consequences.

  2025cites this paper
• How early beliefs about brilliance shape gender gaps.

  2025cites this paper
• Changing perspectives: The development of preservice teachers' field‐specific ability beliefs across academic disciplines

  2025cites this paper
• The Brilliance–Belonging Model: How Cultural Beliefs About Intellectual Ability Undermine Educational Equity

  2025cites this paper
• Mindset profiles and their relationship with self-regulated learning strategy use and English learning achievement: The predictive role of environmental factors

  2025cites this paper
• Variations in Student Approaches to Problem Solving in Undergraduate Biology Education

  2024cites this paper
• A Q methodological study into pre-service Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) teachers’ mindsets about teaching competencies

  2024cites this paper
• The Impact of Norm- and Criterion-Referenced Grading Systems on Students’ Course-Related Expectations

  2024cites this paper
• Investigating the relationships between language mindsets, attributions, and learning engagement of L2 writers

  2024cites this paper
• AI and culture: Culturally dependent responses to AI systems.

  2024cites this paper
• Pneumonia diagnosis performance in the emergency department: a mixed-methods study about clinicians’ experiences and exploration of individual differences and response to diagnostic performance feedback

  2024cites this paper
• Managers Can Support Employees in Working-Class Contexts by Promoting Growth Mindsets

  2024cites this paper
• Undergraduates’ reactions to errors mediates the association between growth mindset and study strategies

  2024cites this paper
• Predictors of second language willingness to communicate among US undergraduate students: Classroom social climate, emotions, and language mindset

  2024cites this paper
• Undergraduate Lay Theories of Abilities: Mindset, universality, and brilliance beliefs uniquely predict undergraduate educational outcomes

  2023cites this paper
• Exploring independent learning (IL) and its relationship to mindset, motivated strategies for learning and academic performance

  2023cites this paper
• Fixed intelligence mindsets predict system legitimization in educational contexts

  2023influential citation
• Why is Math Difficult? : Beliefs That Affecting Students' Mathematics Skills

  2023cites this paper
• You’re an Engineer? You Must Be Really Smart! A Theoretical Discussion of the Need to Integrate “Smart” into Engineering Identity Research

  2023cites this paper
• Implicit Theories of Happiness: When Happiness Is Viewed as Changeable, Happy People Are Perceived Much More Positively Than Unhappy People

  2023cites this paper
• Who gets to see themselves as talented? Biased self-concepts contribute to first-generation students' disadvantage in talent-focused environments

  2023cites this paper
• “What Does It Take to Succeed Here?”: The Belief That Success Requires Brilliance Is an Obstacle to Diversity

  2023cites this paper
• Understanding emotion-regulation strategies among foreign language teachers in response to classroom stressors: Findings from a Q methodology study

  2023cites this paper
• Constructing Smartness and Intelligence: A Content Analysis of Postsecondary Disability Literature

  2023influential citation
• La influencia de la autocompasión en el desempeño laboral: el rol mediador de la mentalidad de crecimiento

  2023cites this paper
• How Do Teachers Mindsets Impact Students Learning Motivation in Chinese Public Schools and International Schools?

  2023cites this paper
• Opinions on intelligence: An Arab perspective

  2023cites this paper
• The trouble with talent: Semantic ambiguity in the workplace

  2023cites this paper
• The breadth of normative standards: Antecedents and consequences for individuals and organizations

  2022cites this paper
• A deep learning model identifies emphasis on hard work as an important predictor of income inequality

  2022cites this paper
• How Can We Reap Learning Benefits for Individuals With Growth and Fixed Mindsets?: Understanding Self-Reflection and Self-Compassion as the Psychological Pathways to Maximize Positive Learning Outcomes

  2022cites this paper
• Smartness in engineering: Beliefs of undergraduate engineering students

  2022cites this paper
• How Should Educators and Publishers Eliminate Racial Essentialism?

  2022cites this paper
• An Emphasis on Brilliance Fosters Masculinity-Contest Cultures

  2022cites this paper
• The stereotype that girls lack talent: A worldwide investigation

  2022cites this paper
• Developing growth mindsets in engineering students: a systematic literature review of interventions

  2021cites this paper
• Beyond students: how teacher psychology shapes educational inequality.

  2021cites this paper
• Who is Smart? High School Science and Engineering Students’ Beliefs about Smartness

  2021cites this paper
• LBS Research Online

  2021influential citation
• Is Difficulty Mostly About Impossibility? What Difficulty Implies May Be Culturally Variant

  2021cites this paper
• ‘Intelligence is not just good grades’: re-examining the mindset revolution in Indian classrooms

  2021cites this paper
• Building Structural Empathy to Marshal Critical Education into Compassionate Practice: Evaluation of a Medical School Critical Race Theory Course

  2021cites this paper
• Corrigendum: Are There Advantages to Believing in Fate? The Belief in Negotiating With Fate When Faced With Constraints

  2020cites this paper
• Metacognitive Monitoring in Test-taking Situations: A Cross-cultural Comparison of College Students

  2020cites this paper
• Does everyone have the potential to achieve their ideal body weight? Lay theories about body weight and support for price discrimination policies

  2020influential citation
• Manager-as-coach: stimulating engagement via learning orientation

  2020cites this paper
• Adults and children implicitly associate brilliance with men more than women

  2020cites this paper
• The Science of Wisdom in a Polarized World: Knowns and Unknowns

  2020cites this paper
• What Is There to Be Learned and How? Learning Through the Lens of the Self

  2020cites this paper
• Cultural Stereotypes and Sense of Belonging Contribute to Gender Gaps in STEM.

  2020cites this paper
• Not All Scientists Are Equal: Role Aspirants Influence Role Modeling Outcomes in STEM

  2020cites this paper
• An Investigation of First-time College Freshmen and Relationships Among Mathematical Mindset, Identity, Self-efficacy, and Use of Self-regulated Learning Strategies

  2019cites this paper
• Gendered genetics: How reading about the genetic basis of sex differences in biology textbooks could affect beliefs associated with science gender disparities

  2019cites this paper
• Adult Learning Across USA, Canada, and New Zealand: A Cross-Cultural Study of PIAAC

  2019cites this paper
• How lay theories (or mindsets) shape the confrontation of prejudice

  2019cites this paper
• Impulsivity in Science: Students' beliefs in their science abilities with and without ADHD symptomology

  2019cites this paper
• Opposing effects of impulsivity and mindset on sources of science self-efficacy and STEM interest in adolescents

  2019cites this paper
• Medical student well-being and lifelong learning: A motivational perspective

  2019cites this paper
• Promoting growth in foreign and second language education: A research agenda for mindsets in language learning and teaching

  2019cites this paper
• Religiosity, Mindset, and Math Achievement

  2019cites this paper
• Percepciones del Profesorado acerca de la Etiología de la Inteligencia y las Dificultades de Aprendizaje

  2019cites this paper
• Are There Advantages to Believing in Fate? The Belief in Negotiating With Fate When Faced With Constraints

  2019influential citation
• Faculty Beliefs about the Nature of Intelligence

  2019cites this paper
• Comparing the apple of my eye: Parental reactions to academic social comparisons of their elementary school‐aged children

  2019cites this paper
• Intelligence and Smartness in Engineering: Gatekeepers to Diversity and Inclusion

  2019cites this paper
• International Journal of Instruction

  2019cites this paper
• Grit, Self-Regulated Learning, Self-Determination Theory and Academic Performance of Generation-Z

  2019cites this paper
• Personal and organizational mindsets at work

  2019cites this paper
• Smartness in Engineering Culture: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue

  2019cites this paper
• Opposing Effects of Impulsivity and Mindset on Sources of Science Self- 5 Efficacy and STEM Interest in Adolescents

  2019cites this paper
• Opposing effects of impulsivity and mindset on sources of science selfefficacy and STEM interest in adolescents

  2018cites this paper
• The Myth That Only Brilliant People Are Good at Math and Its Implications for Diversity

  2018cites this paper
• Teacher Math Anxiety Relates to Adolescent Students’ Math Achievement

  2018cites this paper
• Do attitudes toward societal structure predict beliefs about free will and achievement? Evidence from the Indian caste system.

  2018cites this paper
• PERCEIVED INTELLIGENCE AND LONG-TERM STIGMATIZATION OF DIRTY WORKERS

  2018cites this paper
• Beyond Teacher Knowledge: Connections Between Content Knowledge, Mindset For Learning, And Teaching In Two-Year College Mathematics Faculty

  2018cites this paper
• Contrôlerons-nous les intelligences artificielles ?

  2018cites this paper
• Mindset and Mathematics in an All-Girls Secondary School

  2018cites this paper
• Validity And Reliability Of The Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices And The Test Of Non-Verbal Intelligence Among Malaysian Children

  2018cites this paper
• Messages about brilliance undermine women's interest in educational and professional opportunities

  2018cites this paper
• Evidence of Bias Against Girls and Women in Contexts That Emphasize Intellectual Ability

  2018cites this paper
• “My math lessons are all about learning from your mistakes”: how mixed-attainment mathematics grouping affects the way students experience mathematics

  2018cites this paper
• Contextual and personal determinants of preferring success attributed to natural talent or striving

  2018cites this paper
• Teachers’ perception about genes and behavior

  2018cites this paper
• Prejudiced Places: How Contexts Shape Inequality and How Policy Can Change Them

  2018cites this paper
• Meta-Lay Theories of Scientific Potential Drive Underrepresented Students’ Sense of Belonging to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

  2018cites this paper
• Ettevõtlusprogrammide mõju-uuring GRETE ARRO, ELINA MALLEUS, JUTA JAANI, ANU OLVIK

  2018cites this paper
• The Ambassador Effect: a Pre-Commitment Technique to Increase Consumer Prosocial Behavior and Loyalty

  2017cites this paper
• Understanding intergroup relations through the lens of implicit theories (mindsets) of malleability

  2017cites this paper
• Decremental mindsets and prevention-focused motivation: An extended framework of implicit theories of intelligence

  2017cites this paper
• Is Education a Fundamental Right? People’s Lay Theories About Intellectual Potential Drive Their Positions on Education

  2017influential citation
• Mindful Instruction: Metacognitive Activities in the Developmental College Reading Classroom

  2017cites this paper
• The Science of Lay Theories

  2017cites this paper
• Reverse Ego-Depletion: Acts of Self-Control Can Improve Subsequent Performance in Indian Cultural Contexts

  2017cites this paper
• The Motivated Fluidity of Lay Theories of Change

  2017cites this paper
• Mindsets about malleability and intergroup relations

  2017cites this paper
• The Origins of Children's Growth and Fixed Mindsets: New Research and a New Proposal.

  2017cites this paper