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Impact of ploidy changes on secondary metabolites productions in plants

Sanjay Kumar

Published 2021 in Unknown venue

ABSTRACT

Abstract Polyploidization has an important and a key role in plant breeding and crop improvement. Its potential to augment biomass and yield is well illustrated, but unfortunately, the effect of polyploidization on biomass composition, yield and metabolic activity has largely remained unexplored. Moreover, lack of superior varieties and species could be attributed to the time taking process for adjustment, adaptation and evolution after the genomic shock induced by polyploidization as well as it is fact that an optimum ploidy level for each species may be crucial. The polyploids either natural or induced artificially exhibit (i) improved primary metabolism (ii) enhanced secondary metabolism, i.e., terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and alkaloids content, and (iii) increased bioactive constituents to enable polyploids to counteract against environmental challenges in a more efficient approach. Plants are well known for producing a broad diversity of natural compounds and several strategies have been proposed to enhance their production. To utilize the induced polyploidy approach as a rapid means to attain enhanced production of secondary metabolites may be required to achieve genetic stability and reproductive success of the induced polyploids as genome doubling not necessarily always, confer a fitness advantage and may be the extent of alterations induced by polyploidization depends on the background of the donor genotype. Also, somatic chromosome doubling may represent an effective and inexpensive method for induction of polyploidy and a promising breeding strategy to further modify the crops for metabolites production in plants.

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