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Carbon capture and storage at the end of a lost decade

Emma Martin-Roberts,V. Scott,S. Flude,G. Johnson,R. Haszeldine,S. Gilfillan

Published 2021 in One Earth

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY Following the landmark 2015 United Nations Paris Agreement, a growing number of countries are committing to the transition to net-zero emissions. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been consistently heralded to directly address emissions from the energy and industrial sectors and forms a significant component of plans to reach net-zero. However, despite the critical importance of the technology and substantial research and development to date, CCS deployment has been slow. This review examines deployment efforts over the last decade. We reveal that facility deployment must increase dramatically from current levels, and much work remains to maximize storage of CO 2 in vast subsurface reserves. Using current rates of deployment, CO 2 storage capacity by 2050 is projected to be around 700 million tons per year, just 10% of what is required. Meeting the net-zero targets via CCS ambitions seems unlikely unless worldwide coordinated efforts and rapid changes in policy take place. of current projects are in the upstream sector, predominantly natural gas-processing plants. This clearly shows that deployment in other sectors is urgently required if CCS is to mitigate the effects from the power and industry sectors, as is intended in the various IPCC scenarios. CCS. The initial optimism of the IEA Blue-Map scenario in 2009 (stage 2) was closely followed by a period of disillusionment (between 2009 and 2021) where CCS project and facility deployment was not asforthcomingas predicted. Today,in2021, weare in a period of new orientation (stage 4) where in- vestment and momentum seem to be building toward the deployment of multi-industry hubs and clusters utilizing shared facilities and CO 2 transport networks, and new technology deployment such as hydrogen production, DAC, and BECCS.

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