Epigenetic‐based control of flowering and seed development in plants: A review

Plants grown at different latitudes perceive and interpret seasonal variations in day length (photoperiod) and exposure to cold winter temperatures (vernalization). These factors control the expression of various genes involved in flowering, depending on the variations in photoperiod and vernalization. Epigenetic regulatory systems have evolved in plants to process environmental signals. Gene expression is modified through chromatin remodelling and small RNAs in response to seasonal changes in both annual and perennial plants. Key regulators of flowering, such as FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), interact with other floral regulatory factors and undergo chromatin remodelling in response to seasonal cues. The Polycomb repressive complex (PRC) controls the expression of flowering‐related genes in photoperiodic flowering regulation. FLC acts as a potent suppressor by down‐regulating the expression of genes that promote flowering. Methylation, particularly in the context of CHG, CG and CHH, plays a critical role in embryogenesis. This review briefly explores and describes the regulation of flowering mechanisms in response to day‐length variations, cold exposure (vernalization) and seed development in plants.

• Publication year

  2023

• Venue

  Plant Breeding

• Publication date

  2023-10-09

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1111/pbr.13148
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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