Microbial degradation of lignin: how a bulky recalcitrant polymer is efficiently recycled in nature and how we can take advantage of this

Lignin is the second most abundant constituent of the cell wall of vascular plants, where it protects cellulose towards hydrolytic attack by saprophytic and pathogenic microbes. Its removal represents a key step for carbon recycling in land ecosystems, as well as a central issue for industrial utilization of plant biomass. The lignin polymer is highly recalcitrant towards chemical and biological degradation due to its molecular architecture, where different non‐phenolic phenylpropanoid units form a complex three‐dimensional network linked by a variety of ether and carbon–carbon bonds. Ligninolytic microbes have developed a unique strategy to handle lignin degradation based on unspecific one‐electron oxidation of the benzenic rings in the different lignin substructures by extracellular haemperoxidases acting synergistically with peroxide‐generating oxidases. These peroxidases posses two outstanding characteristics: (i) they have unusually high redox potential due to haem pocket architecture that enables oxidation of non‐phenolic aromatic rings, and (ii) they are able to generate a protein oxidizer by electron transfer to the haem cofactor forming a catalytic tryptophanyl‐free radical at the protein surface, where it can interact with the bulky lignin polymer. The structure–function information currently available is being used to build tailor‐made peroxidases and other oxidoreductases as industrial biocatalysts.

• Publication year

  2009

• Venue

  Microbial Biotechnology

• Publication date

  2009-02-18

• Fields of study

  Biology, Materials Science, Chemistry, Environmental Science, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1111/j.1751-7915.2008.00078.xPMID 21261911PMCID 3815837
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• Ligninolytic peroxidases generate a catalytic tryptophanyl-free radical at the protein surface through electron transfer to the haem cofactor, enabling interaction with the bulky lignin polymer.

  Confidence 0.92

  All you need is Python (5d7gwfm5zu) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewmexicorea (qjvnbu8xg3) review
• Ligninolytic peroxidases possess unusually high redox potentials enabled by their haem pocket architecture, allowing oxidation of non-phenolic aromatic rings.

  Confidence 0.93

  All you need is Python (5d7gwfm5zu) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewmexicorea (qjvnbu8xg3) review
• Lignin degradation by ligninolytic microbes relies on unspecific one-electron oxidation of benzenic rings by extracellular haemperoxidases acting synergistically with peroxide-generating oxidases.

  Confidence 0.95

  All you need is Python (5d7gwfm5zu) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewmexicorea (qjvnbu8xg3) review

• extracellular haemperoxidases

  enzyme class

  Peroxidases secreted by ligninolytic microbes that catalyze unspecific one-electron oxidation of benzenic rings in lignin substructures via a haem cofactor.

  Aliases: haemperoxidases, peroxidases

  All you need is Python (5d7gwfm5zu) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewmexicorea (qjvnbu8xg3) review
• lignin

  biopolymer

  A highly recalcitrant non-phenolic phenylpropanoid polymer forming a complex three-dimensional network in plant cell walls, linked by ether and carbon–carbon bonds.

  Aliases: lignin polymer

  All you need is Python (5d7gwfm5zu) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewmexicorea (qjvnbu8xg3) review
• lignin degradation

  biological process

  The biological breakdown of lignin by ligninolytic microbes via extracellular oxidative enzyme systems.

  All you need is Python (5d7gwfm5zu) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewmexicorea (qjvnbu8xg3) review
• ligninolytic microbes

  organism group

  Microorganisms that have developed a unique enzymatic strategy for degrading lignin based on extracellular oxidative enzymes.

  All you need is Python (5d7gwfm5zu) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewmexicorea (qjvnbu8xg3) review
• peroxide-generating oxidases

  enzyme class

  Oxidases that produce peroxide and act synergistically with haemperoxidases during lignin degradation.

  All you need is Python (5d7gwfm5zu) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewmexicorea (qjvnbu8xg3) review
• redox potential

  molecular property

  The oxidation-reduction potential of ligninolytic peroxidases, which is unusually high due to haem pocket architecture.

  All you need is Python (5d7gwfm5zu) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewmexicorea (qjvnbu8xg3) review
• tryptophanyl-free radical

  molecular species

  A catalytic radical formed at the surface of ligninolytic peroxidases through electron transfer to the haem cofactor, serving as a protein oxidizer that can interact with bulky lignin.

  All you need is Python (5d7gwfm5zu) extraction뀨 (7c402c1b98) reviewq (76h6bfydm6) reviewmexicorea (qjvnbu8xg3) review

• Microbial and Enzymatic Degradation of Wood and Wood Components

  2012cited by this paper
• Genome, transcriptome, and secretome analysis of wood decay fungus Postia placenta supports unique mechanisms of lignocellulose conversion

  2009cited by this paper
• Effect of culture temperature on the heterologous expression of Pleurotus eryngii versatile peroxidase in Aspergillus hosts

  2009cited by this paper
• Molecular Evolution and Diversity of Lignin Degrading Heme Peroxidases in the Agaricomycetes

  2008cited by this paper
• Functionality improvement of fungal lignin peroxidase by DNA shuffling for 2,4-dichlorophenol degradability and H2O2 stability.

  2008cited by this paper
• Lignins: Major Sources, Structure and Properties

  2008cited by this paper
• A Novel Heme Peroxidase from Raphanus sativus Intrinsically Resistant to Hydrogen Peroxide

  2008cited by this paper
• Monolignol acylation and lignin structure in some nonwoody plants: a 2D NMR study.

  2008influential reference
• Site-directed mutagenesis of the catalytic tryptophan environment in Pleurotus eryngii versatile peroxidase.

  2008cited by this paper
• Role of Tyr residues on the protein surface of cationic cell-wall-peroxidase (CWPO-C) from poplar: potential oxidation sites for oxidative polymerization of lignin.

  2008cited by this paper
• Mechanism for Oxidation of High-Molecular-Weight Substrates by a Fungal Versatile Peroxidase, MnP2

  2008cited by this paper
• Laccase applications in the forest products industry : A review

  2008cited by this paper
• Role of fungal peroxidases in biological ligninolysis.

  2008cited by this paper
• Manganese oxidation site in Pleurotus eryngii versatile peroxidase: a site-directed mutagenesis, kinetic, and crystallographic study.

  2007cited by this paper
• Extracellular oxidative systems of the lignin-degrading Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

  2007cited by this paper
• Paper pulp delignification using laccase and natural mediators

  2007cited by this paper
• Removal of lipophilic extractives from paper pulp by laccase and lignin-derived phenols as natural mediators.

  2007cited by this paper
• Bacterial laccases

  2007cited by this paper
• Transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by laccase is strongly enhanced by phenolic compounds present in soil.

  2007cited by this paper
• Occurrence of naturally acetylated lignin units.

  2007cited by this paper
• Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials for efficient bioethanol production.

  2007cited by this paper
• Role of oxidizing mediators and tryptophan 172 in the decoloration of industrial dyes by the versatile peroxidase from Bjerkandera adusta

  2007cited by this paper
• Fungal laccases - occurrence and properties.

  2006cited by this paper
• Polymer blends and composites from renewable resources

  2006cited by this paper
• Handbook of Pulp

  2006cited by this paper
• NMR Studies on the Occurrence of Spirodienone Structures in Lignins

  2006influential reference
• Mechanism of versatile peroxidase inactivation by Ca(2+) depletion.

  2006cited by this paper
• A Tryptophan Neutral Radical in the Oxidized State of Versatile Peroxidase from Pleurotus eryngii

  2006cited by this paper
• Laccases: blue enzymes for green chemistry.

  2006cited by this paper
• Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Lignin Peroxidase from the White-rot Basidiomycete Trametes cervina

  2006cited by this paper
• Transformation of halogenated pesticides by versatile peroxidase from Bjerkandera adusta

  2005cited by this paper
• Biodegradation of lignocellulosics: microbial, chemical, and enzymatic aspects of the fungal attack of lignin.

  2005cited by this paper
• Lignin-Derived Compounds as Efficient Laccase Mediators for Decolorization of Different Types of Recalcitrant Dyes

  2005cited by this paper
• Versatile peroxidase oxidation of high redox potential aromatic compounds: site-directed mutagenesis, spectroscopic and crystallographic investigation of three long-range electron transfer pathways.

  2005cited by this paper
• Comparison of different fungal enzymes for bleaching high-quality paper pulps.

  2005cited by this paper
• Effect of pH on the stability of Pleurotus eryngii versatile peroxidase during heterologous production in Emericella nidulans

  2004cited by this paper
• Degradation of phenolic and non-phenolic aromatic pollutants by four Pleurotus species: the role of laccase and versatile peroxidase

  2004cited by this paper
• Biological Bleaching of Chemical Pulps

  2004cited by this paper
• Lignins: Natural polymers from oxidative coupling of 4-hydroxyphenyl- propanoids

  2004influential reference
• Genome sequence of the lignocellulose degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78

  2004cited by this paper
• Heterologous expression of lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in Pichia methanolica

  2004cited by this paper
• Laccases: structure, reactions, distribution.

  2004cited by this paper
• Resonance Raman spectroscopy of cytochrome c peroxidase variants that mimic manganese peroxidase

  2003cited by this paper
• Improvement of H2O2 stability of manganese peroxidase by combinatorial mutagenesis and high-throughput screening using in vitro expression with protein disulfide isomerase.

  2003cited by this paper
• Expression of a Phanerochaete chrysosporium Manganese Peroxidase Gene in the Yeast Pichia pastoris

  2003cited by this paper
• Manganese-lignin peroxidase hybrid from Bjerkandera adusta oxidizes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons more actively in the absence of manganese.

  2003cited by this paper
• NMR study of manganese(II) binding by a new versatile peroxidase from the white-rot fungus Pleurotus eryngii

  2003cited by this paper
• Molecular biology and structure-function of lignin-degrading heme peroxidases

  2002cited by this paper
• The catalytic pathway of horseradish peroxidase at high resolution

  2002influential reference
• Suicide inactivation of peroxidases and the challenge of engineering more robust enzymes.

  2002cited by this paper
• Calnexin Overexpression Increases Manganese Peroxidase Production in Aspergillus niger

  2002cited by this paper
• Mechanisms of compound I formation in heme peroxidases.

  2002cited by this paper
• Engineering of the H2O2‐binding pocket region of a recombinant manganese peroxidase to be resistant to H2O2

  2001cited by this paper
• Engineering of a manganese-binding site in lignin peroxidase isozyme H8 from Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

  2001cited by this paper
• Engineering the active site of ascorbate peroxidase.

  2001cited by this paper
• Compositional changes of wheat lignin by a fungal peroxidase analyzed by pyrolysis-GC-MS

  2001cited by this paper
• Oxidation of a Tetrameric Nonphenolic Lignin Model Compound by Lignin Peroxidase*

  2001cited by this paper
• Engineering the active site of ascorbate peroxidase.

  2001cited by this paper
• Production of hydroxyl radical by the synergistic action of fungal laccase and aryl alcohol oxidase.

  2000cited by this paper
• Manganese peroxidase.

  2000cited by this paper
• Studies on the Production of Fungal Peroxidases inAspergillus niger

  2000cited by this paper
• Engineering a Disulfide Bond in Recombinant Manganese Peroxidase Results in Increased Thermostability

  2000cited by this paper
• Reversible alkaline inactivation of lignin peroxidase involves the release of both the distal and proximal site calcium ions and bishistidine co-ordination of the haem.

  1999cited by this paper
• Direct interaction of lignin and lignin peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

  1999cited by this paper
• Evidence from spin-trapping for a transient radical on tryptophan residue 171 of lignin peroxidase.

  1999cited by this paper
• Directed evolution of a fungal peroxidase

  1999cited by this paper
• Substrate binding and catalysis in heme peroxidases.

  1998influential reference
• Transformation of Industrial Dyes by Manganese Peroxidases from Bjerkandera adusta and Pleurotus eryngii in a Manganese-Independent Reaction

  1998cited by this paper
• A study on reducing substrates of manganese‐oxidizing peroxidases from Pleurotus eryngii and Bjerkandera adusta

  1998cited by this paper
• Two substrate interaction sites in lignin peroxidase revealed by site-directed mutagenesis.

  1998cited by this paper
• Structural properties of peroxidases.

  1997cited by this paper
• Recent advances on the molecular genetics of ligninolytic fungi.

  1997cited by this paper
• Crystal structure of horseradish peroxidase C at 2.15 Å resolution

  1997cited by this paper
• Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Wood

  1997cited by this paper
• Stabilization of the veratryl alcohol cation radical by lignin peroxidase.

  1996cited by this paper
• Efficient expression of a Phanerochaete chrysosporium manganese peroxidase gene in Aspergillus oryzae

  1996cited by this paper
• The effects of calcium on the thermal stability and activity of manganese peroxidase.

  1996cited by this paper
• The importance of fungi in shaping the paleoecosystem

  1996cited by this paper
• Oxidative bleaching enzymes: a review

  1995cited by this paper
• Dibenzodioxocins; a novel type of linkage in softwood lignins

  1995cited by this paper
• Lifetime and Reactivity of the Veratryl Alcohol Radical Cation.

  1995cited by this paper
• Factoring of the Hyperfine Shifts in the Cyanide Adduct of Lignin Peroxidase from P. chrysosporium

  1995cited by this paper
• Structural variation in heme enzymes: a comparative analysis of peroxidase and P450 crystal structures.

  1994cited by this paper
• Do carbohydrates play a role in the lignin peroxidase cycle? Redox catalysis in the endergonic region of the driving force.

  1994cited by this paper
• Oxidative degradation of non‐phenolic lignin during lipid peroxidation by fungal manganese peroxidase

  1994cited by this paper
• Progress in biopulping of non-woody materials: Chemical, enzymatic and ultrastructural aspects of wheat straw delignification with ligninolytic fungi from the genus Pleurotus

  1994cited by this paper
• Anisaldehyde and Veratraldehyde Acting as Redox Cycling Agents for H2O2 Production by Pleurotus eryngii

  1994influential reference
• Anisaldehyde production and aryl-alcohol oxidase and dehydrogenase activities in ligninolytic fungi of the genus Pleurotus

  1994cited by this paper
• Crystallographic refinement of lignin peroxidase at 2 A.

  1993cited by this paper
• Low pH crystal structure of glycosylated lignin peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium at 2.5 Å resolution

  1993influential reference
• Homology modeling of a heme protein, lignin peroxidase, from the crystal structure of cytochrome c peroxidase.

  1992cited by this paper
• Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Wood Components

  1992cited by this paper
• Proton NMR investigation into the basis for the relatively high redox potential of lignin peroxidase.

  1991cited by this paper
• Oxidation of non‐phenolic substrates

  1990cited by this paper
• Oxidation-reduction potentials and ionization states of extracellular peroxidases from the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

  1989cited by this paper
• Enzymatic "combustion": the microbial degradation of lignin.

  1987influential reference
• Veratryl alcohol as a mediator and the role of radical cations in lignin biodegradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium

  1986cited by this paper
• Chemistry of lignin biodegradation

  1985cited by this paper
• Lignin-Degrading Enzyme from the Hymenomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds

  1983cited by this paper
• An extracellular H2O2-requiring enzyme preparation involved in lignin biodegradation by the white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

  1983cited by this paper

• A critical role of heterotrophic bacteria in early diagenesis of carbonates through exopolymer degradation and calcium release

  2026cites this paper
• Enhancing Resource Efficiency: Utilizing Maize Stalk in Ganoderma lingzhi Substrates: Formula Optimization and Degradation Mechanism

  2026cites this paper
• Structural and functional wood anatomical adaptations in the Mangrove genus Avicennia L. and their role in blue carbon storage

  2026cites this paper
• Evaluating the impact of boiling and roasting on the properties of cashew nutshells (Anacardium occidentale L.) for biomass valorization.

  2026cites this paper
• From waste to wealth: effects of nine agroforestry wastes on Stropharia’s traits & yield

  2026cites this paper
• Adaptive evolution of Agaricomycetes laccases follows wood lignin diversification in plants

  2026cites this paper
• Stable Carbon Isotope Values of Bacteria‐Specific Fatty Acids to Assess the Reactivity of Sedimentary Organic Matter in the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf

  2026cites this paper
• Fungi in global hydrocarbon bioremediation: biodiversity, enzymatic pathways and technological innovations

  2026cites this paper
• Synergistic degradation of lignocellulose by two primary pests of masson pine.

  2026cites this paper
• Ligninolytic peroxidases: A guide for their heterologous expression in E. coli and protocols to evaluate their activity on lignin.

  2025cites this paper
• Microbial responses to ocean deoxygenation: Revisiting the impacts on organic carbon cycling

  2025influential citation
• The Role of Ligninolytic Enzymes in Sustainable Agriculture: Applications and Challenges

  2025cites this paper
• Mr-lac3 and Mr-lcc2 in Metarhizium robertsii Regulate Conidiation and Maturation, Enhancing Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses and Pathogenicity

  2025cites this paper
• Biogas Production from Olive Oil Mill Byproducts: A Comparative Study of Two Treatments for Pursuing a Biorefinery Approach

  2025cites this paper
• The role of hydrogen in lignin pyrolysis: A density functional theory and reactive force field molecular dynamic study on a model compound

  2025cites this paper
• From lignocellulosic biomass to nanolignin: Sustainable solutions for a greener future

  2025cites this paper
• Cutting-edge innovations in lignin-based nanoparticles: A review of synthesis techniques, characterization, and diverse applications.

  2025cites this paper
• Fingerprinting of Bulk and Water-Extractable Soil Organic Matter of Chernozems Under Different Tillage Practices for Twelve Years: A Case Study

  2025cites this paper
• AaAO, AaPDE, and AaABC proteins promote Alternaria alternate f. sp. mali ALT7 invasion in apple leaves

  2025cites this paper
• Natural engineering approaches for the removal of Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances from aquatic environment: A Review

  2025cites this paper
• Lignin-based asphalt pavements can create permanent carbon storage and substantial climate benefits

  2025cites this paper
• Nanocellulose Extraction from Biomass Waste: Unlocking Sustainable Pathways for Biomedical Applications

  2025cites this paper
• A novel lignin peroxidase-mimicking by CoO-Co2VO4/C nanocomposite and its application in sensing fungal metabolite veratryl alcohol.

  2025cites this paper
• Co-feeding phenolic acids with fatty acids for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthesis in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 using continuous culture conditions.

  2025cites this paper
• Decomposition of Litter and Root Residues From Perennial Intermediate Wheatgrass Governed by the Soil Microbiome and Different Earthworm Species

  2025cites this paper
• Tropical Fungi and LULUCF: Synergies for Climate Mitigation Through Nature-Based Culture (NbC)

  2025cites this paper
• Microplastic and nanoplastic pollution: Assessing translocation, impact, and mitigation strategies in marine ecosystems

  2025cites this paper
• Cloning and expression of a short manganese peroxidase from Lentinus squarrosulus and its potential in enhancing the digestibility of crop residues.

  2025cites this paper
• Biomass-derived Lignin Nanoparticles for the Sustained Delivery of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C

  2025cites this paper
• Reforestation significantly enriches soil microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling genes but simplifies their co-occurrence network

  2025cites this paper
• The role of lignin in enhancing adhesion performance and reducing formaldehyde emissions of phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde resin adhesives.

  2025cites this paper
• Optimization of crop residue management practice to improve soil aggregation and mineral-associated organic carbon in a clay soil of Bangladesh

  2025cites this paper
• Characterization of the Podospora anserina (Rabenh.) Niessl Peroxidase Gene Family

  2024cites this paper
• Chemical composition of soil humin in an organic soil profile

  2024cites this paper
• Sequential Treatment by Ozonation and Biodegradation of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater to Eliminate Organic Contaminants

  2024cites this paper
• p-Toluenesulfonic acid enhanced neutral deep eutectic solvent pretreatment of soybean straw for efficient lignin removal and enzymatic hydrolysis.

  2024cites this paper
• Enhancing Bioethanol Production from Rice Straw through Environmentally Friendly Delignification Using Versatile Peroxidase.

  2024cites this paper
• Unlocking the potential of biochar in the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals for sustainable agriculture.

  2024cites this paper
• From 13C-lignin to 13C-mycelium: Agaricus bisporus uses polymeric lignin as a carbon source

  2024cites this paper
• Catalyst development for electrochemical hydrogenation of biomass-derived platform molecules

  2024cites this paper
• Fungi as biotechnological allies: Exploring contributions of edible and medicinal mushrooms.

  2024cites this paper
• Characterization of municipal solid waste with the perspective of biofuels and bioproducts recovery in Northeast Mexico

  2024cites this paper
• The Gut Microbiome and Lignocellulose Digestion in Constrictotermes cyphergaster (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae): A Termite Incorporating Lichen into Its Diet

  2024cites this paper
• Enzymatic Degradation of PFAS: Current Status and Ongoing Challenges

  2024cites this paper
• Synthesis of triangular lignin photonic crystal nanoparticles: Investigating solvent effects and dialysis optimization.

  2024cites this paper
• Tools for genetic engineering and gene expression control in Novosphingobium aromaticivorans and Rhodobacter sphaeroides

  2024cites this paper
• Structure–function characterization of two enzymes from novel subfamilies of manganese peroxidases secreted by the lignocellulose-degrading Agaricales fungi Agrocybe pediades and Cyathus striatus

  2024cites this paper
• Disproportionate Carbon Dioxide Efflux in Bacterial Metabolic Pathways for Different Organic Substrates Leads to Variable Contribution to Carbon-Use Efficiency

  2024cites this paper
• Augmenting the stability of soil aggregate carbon with nutrient management in worldwide croplands

  2024cites this paper
• Organic materials quality to control soil aggregation: A meta-analysis

  2024cites this paper
• Valorization of diverse waste-derived nanocellulose for multifaceted applications: A review.

  2024cites this paper
• Impact of future scenarios of climate change on lignin dynamics in soil: A case study in a Mediterranean savannah.

  2024cites this paper
• Fungal Ligninolytic Enzymes and Their Application in Biomass Lignin Pretreatment

  2023cites this paper
• Bioremediation of industrial dye waste effluents aided by GIS applications: a comprehensive review

  2023cites this paper
• Bioprocessing of Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Wastes into Value-Added Products

  2023cites this paper
• Soil depth gradients of organic carbon-13 – A review on drivers and processes

  2023cites this paper
• Reduced Recalcitrance and Improved Pulp Properties in Eucalypt Woods Pretreated with White-Rot Fungi and Mild Alkali

  2023cites this paper
• Preparation of a High-Performance Catalyst Derived from Modified Lignin Carbon for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Electrolyzed Water

  2023cites this paper
• Relative contribution of photodegradation to litter breakdown in Australian grasslands

  2023cites this paper
• Spotlight on overlooked lignin monomers: Hydroxycinnamaldehydes

  2023cites this paper
• Facile synthesis of lignin Schiff base-copper complex as a catalyst for methylene blue and 4-nitrophenol removal

  2023cites this paper
• Tools for Genetic Engineering and Gene Expression Control in Novosphingobium aromaticivorans and Rhodobacter sphaeroides

  2023cites this paper
• Improving methane production from palm leaflets waste with thermal and ultrasound pre-treatment

  2023cites this paper
• Lignins as Promising Renewable Biopolymers and Bioactive Compounds for High-Performance Materials

  2023cites this paper
• Pig slurry organic matter transformation and methanogenesis at ambient storage temperatures.

  2023cites this paper
• Evidence for the formation of fused aromatic ring structures in an organic soil profile in the early diagenesis

  2023cites this paper
• Oxidation-driven lignin removal by Agaricus bisporus from wheat straw based compost at industrial scale.

  2023cites this paper
• Structural insights, biocatalytic characteristics, and application prospects of lignin-modifying enzymes for sustainable biotechnology-A review.

  2023cites this paper
• Effects of Biotic and Abiotic Aging Techniques on Physiochemical and Molecular Characteristics of Biochar and Their Impacts on Environment and Agriculture: A Review

  2023cites this paper
• Functional differentiation of two autochthonous cohabiting strains of Pleurotus ostreatus and Cyclocybe aegerita from Serbia in lignin compound degradation

  2023cites this paper
• Oxidative Machinery of basidiomycetes as potential enhancers in lignocellulosic biorefineries: A lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases approach.

  2023cites this paper
• Active site determination of novel plant versatile peroxidase extracted from Citrus sinensis and bioconversion of β-naphthol

  2023cites this paper
• Click Synthesis of Triazole Polymers Based on Lignin-Derived Metabolic Intermediate and Their Strong Adhesive Properties to Cu Plate

  2023cites this paper
• Elucidating the composition of organic matter in water-repellent forest soils using analytical pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS)

  2023cites this paper
• Identification of a strain of Auricularia and Taguchi optimization of petroleum-polluted soil mycoremediation

  2023cites this paper
• Origin, Selection, and Succession of Coastal Intertidal Zone-Derived Bacterial Communities Associated with the Degradation of Various Lignocellulose Substrates

  2023cites this paper
• Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Microfibers from Colombian Cocoa Pod Husk via Chemical Treatment with Pressure Effects

  2023cites this paper
• Isolation and Screening of Dye Degrading Lignocellulolytic Bacteria from Sundarban Mangrove Ecosystem, West Bengal, India

  2023cites this paper
• Lignin-Modifying Enzymes in Scedosporium Species

  2023cites this paper
• The Bacterial Degradation of Lignin—A Review

  2023cites this paper
• Modeling the microbial pretreatment of camelina straw and switchgrass by Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium via solid-state fermentation process: A growth kinetic sub-model in the context of biomass-based biorefineries

  2023cites this paper
• Biocatalysis for biorefineries: The case of dye-decolorizing peroxidases.

  2023cites this paper
• Conifer Defences against Pathogens and Pests — Mechanisms, Breeding, and Management

  2023cites this paper
• Influence of fiber-rich co-products on nutrient and energy digestibility and utilization in sows.

  2023cites this paper
• THE POTENTIAL OF PLASTIC DEGRADATION AS SOIL REMEDIATOR FOR PLANTS: A REVIEW

  2023cites this paper
• Ability of Three Pleurotus Species for Effective use of Giant Grass Compost

  2022cites this paper
• Looking into the world’s largest elephant population in search of ligninolytic microorganisms for biorefineries: a mini-review

  2022cites this paper
• Peroxidase Activity of Myoglobin Variants Reconstituted with Artificial Cofactors

  2022cites this paper
• Revisiting Theoretical Tools and Approaches for the Valorization of Recalcitrant Lignocellulosic Biomass to Value-Added Chemicals

  2022cites this paper
• Effects of organic matter characteristics on soil aggregate turnover using rare earth oxides as tracers in a red clay soil

  2022cites this paper
• Comparative genome analysis among Variovorax species and genome guided aromatic compound degradation analysis emphasizing 4-hydroxybenzoate degradation in Variovorax sp. PAMC26660

  2022cites this paper
• Integrated Bioprocess for Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Wheat Straw: New Ternary Deep-Eutectic-Solvent Pretreatment, Enzymatic Saccharification, and Fermentation

  2022cites this paper
• Lessons From Insect Fungiculture: From Microbial Ecology to Plastics Degradation

  2022influential citation
• Could termites be hiding a goldmine of obscure yet promising yeasts for energy crisis solutions based on aromatic wastes? A critical state-of-the-art review

  2022cites this paper
• De Novo Metagenomic Analysis of Microbial Community Contributing in Lignocellulose Degradation in Humus Samples Harvested from Cuc Phuong Tropical Forest in Vietnam

  2022cites this paper
• Degradation of Plastic Waste in the Marine Environment

  2022cites this paper
• Enzymatic Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass: An Overview

  2022cites this paper
• Highly efficient and selective modification of lignin towards optically designable and multifunctional lignocellulose nanopaper for green light-management applications.

  2022cites this paper
• Basidiomycota Fungi and ROS: Genomic Perspective on Key Enzymes Involved in Generation and Mitigation of Reactive Oxygen Species

  2022cites this paper
• Removal of Lignin from Wastewater Using an Industrial Waste as Adsorbent: A Statistical and Kinetic Modeling Approach

  2022cites this paper