Short‐term biomarkers of apple consumption

Scope: Urinary biomarkers are used to estimate the nutritional intake of humans. The aim of this study was to distinguish between low, medium, and high apple consumption by quantifying possible intake biomarkers in urine samples after apple consumption by HPLC‐MS/MS. Apples were chosen as they are the most consumed fruits in Germany. Methods and Results: Thirty subjects took part in 7‐day study. They abstained from apples and apple products except for one weighed apple portion resembling one, two, or four apples. Before apple consumption and during the following days spot urine samples were collected. These urine samples were incubated with β‐glucuronidase, diluted, and directly measured by HPLC‐MS/MS. Phloretin, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and quercetin were detected in urine using Scheduled MRMTM mode. Phloretin was confirmed as a urinary biomarker of apple intake and had the ability to discriminate between low or medium (one or two apples) and high apple consumption (four apples). The groups also differ in the excretion of epicatechin and procyanidin B2. Conclusion: Apple consumption can be monitored by urinary biomarkers for a period of at least 12 h after consumption. Furthermore the amount of apples consumed can be estimated by the concentration of certain biomarkers.

• Publication year

  2016

• Venue

  Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

• Publication date

  2016-12-20

• Fields of study

  Agricultural and Food Sciences, Medicine, Biology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1002/mnfr.201600629PMID 27794196PMCID 6120132
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• LC-MS

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