Macrophages are innate immune cells that adopt diverse activation states in response to their microenvironment. Editing macrophage activation to dampen inflammatory diseases by promoting the repolarization of inflammatory (M1) macrophages to anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages is of high interest. Here, we find that mouse and human M1 macrophages fail to convert into M2 cells upon IL-4 exposure in vitro and in vivo. In sharp contrast, M2 macrophages are more plastic and readily repolarized into an inflammatory M1 state. We identify M1-associated inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as the factor responsible for preventing M1→M2 repolarization. Inhibiting nitric oxide production, a key effector molecule in M1 cells, dampens the decline in mitochondrial function to improve metabolic and phenotypic reprogramming to M2 macrophages. Thus, inflammatory macrophage activation blunts oxidative phosphorylation, thereby preventing repolarization. Therapeutically restoring mitochondrial function might be useful to improve the reprogramming of inflammatory macrophages into anti-inflammatory cells to control disease.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Prevents Repolarization of Inflammatory Macrophages.
J. van den Bossche,J. Baardman,N. A. Otto,Saskia van der Velden,A. Neele,S. M. van den Berg,Rosario Luque-Martin,Hung-Jen Chen,Marieke C. S. Boshuizen,Mohamed Ahmed,M. Hoeksema,A. D. de Vos,M. D. de Winther
Published 2016 in Cell Reports
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PUBLICATION RECORD
- Publication year
2016
- Venue
Cell Reports
- Publication date
2016-10-11
- Fields of study
Biology, Medicine
- Identifiers
- External record
- Source metadata
Semantic Scholar, PubMed
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