Diagnostic and prognostic potential of extracellular vesicles in peripheral blood.

PURPOSE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-enclosed entities released from cells in many different biological systems. These vesicles play an important role in cellular communication by virtue of their protein, RNA, and lipid content, which can be transferred among cells. The complement of biomolecules reflects the parent cell, and their characterization may provide information about the presence of an aberrant process. Peripheral blood is a rich source of circulating EVs, which are easily accessible through a blood sample. An analysis of EVs in peripheral blood could provide access to unparalleled amounts of biomarkers of great diagnostic and prognostic value. The objectives of this review are to briefly present the current knowledge about EVs and to introduce a toolbox of selected techniques, which can be used to rapidly characterize clinically relevant properties of EVs from peripheral blood. METHODS Several techniques exist to characterize the different features of EVs, including size, enumeration, RNA cargo, and protein phenotype. Each technique has a number of advantages and pitfalls. However, with the techniques presented in this review, a possible platform for EV characterization in a clinical setting is outlined. FINDINGS Although EVs have great diagnostic and prognostic potential, a lack of standardization regarding EV analysis hampers the full use of this potential. Nevertheless, the analysis of EVs in peripheral blood has several advantages compared with traditional analyses of many soluble molecules in blood. IMPLICATIONS Overall, the use of EV analysis as a diagnostic and prognostic tool has prodigious clinical potential.

• Publication year

  2014

• Venue

  Clinical Therapeutics

• Publication date

  2014-06-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.05.008PMID 24952934
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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