A changing picture of shigellosis in southern Vietnam: shifting species dominance, antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical presentation

BackgroundShigellosis remains considerable public health problem in some developing countries. The nature of Shigellae suggests that they are highly adaptable when placed under selective pressure in a human population. This is demonstrated by variation and fluctuations in serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profile of organisms circulating in differing setting in endemic locations. Antimicrobial resistance in the genus Shigella is a constant threat, with reports of organisms in Asia being resistant to multiple antimicrobials and new generation therapies.MethodsHere we compare microbiological, clinical and epidemiological data from patients with shigellosis over three different periods in southern Vietnam spanning14 years.ResultsOur data demonstrates a shift in dominant infecting species (S. flexneri to S. sonnei) and resistance profile of the organisms circulating in southern Vietnam. We find that there was no significant variation in the syndromes associated with either S. sonnei or S. flexneri, yet the clinical features of the disease are more severe in later observations.ConclusionsOur findings show a change in clinical presentation of shigellosis in this setting, as the disease may be now more pronounced, this is concurrent with a change in antimicrobial resistance profile. These data highlight the socio-economic development of southern Vietnam and should guide future vaccine development and deployment strategies.Trial RegistrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN55945881

• Publication year

  2009

• Venue

  BMC Infectious Diseases

• Publication date

  2009-12-15

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1186/1471-2334-9-204PMID 20003464PMCID 2803792
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Rapid emergence of third generation cephalosporin resistant Shigella spp. in Southern Vietnam.

  2009cited by this paper
• Global epidemiology of infections due to Shigella, Salmonella serotype Typhi, and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

  2008cited by this paper
• Geographic analysis of shigellosis in Vietnam.

  2008cited by this paper
• Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Eighteenth Informational Supplement

  2008cited by this paper
• Part II. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to Shigella infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005

  2007cited by this paper
• Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli and other causes of childhood diarrhoea: a case-control study in children living in a wastewater-use area in Hanoi, Vietnam.

  2007cited by this paper
• Sex and virulence in Escherichia coli: an evolutionary perspective

  2006cited by this paper
• Complete genome sequence of Shigella flexneri 5b and comparison with Shigella flexneri 2a

  2006cited by this paper
• Characterization of Shigella Strains in Iran by Plasmid Profile Analysis and PCR Amplification of ipa Genes

  2006cited by this paper
• A Multicentre Study of Shigella Diarrhoea in Six Asian Countries: Disease Burden, Clinical Manifestations, and Microbiology

  2006cited by this paper
• Estimating the burden of shigellosis in Thailand: 36-month population-based surveillance study.

  2005cited by this paper
• Occurrence of shigellosis in the young and elderly in rural China: results of a 12-month population-based surveillance study.

  2005cited by this paper
• The burden of diarrhoea, shigellosis, and cholera in North Jakarta, Indonesia: findings from 24 months surveillance

  2005cited by this paper
• Two Studies Evaluating the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Live, Attenuated Shigella flexneri 2a Vaccine (SC602) and Excretion of Vaccine Organisms in North American Volunteers

  2004cited by this paper
• Laboratory-confirmed shigellosis in the United States, 1989-2002: epidemiologic trends and patterns.

  2004influential reference
• Typhoid fever.

  2002cited by this paper
• Shifting serotypes, plasmid profile analysis and antimicrobial resistance pattern of shigellae strains isolated from Kolkata, India during 1995–2000

  2002cited by this paper
• Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Shigella Serogroups Isolated in Israel, 1990–1995

  2000cited by this paper
• Shigella flexneri 2a Strain CVD 1207, with Specific Deletions in virG, sen, set, andguaBA, Is Highly Attenuated in Humans

  2000cited by this paper
• The pathogenesis of Shigella flexneri infection: lessons from in vitro and in vivo studies.

  2000cited by this paper
• Treatment of bacillary dysentery in Vietnamese children: two doses of ofloxacin versus 5-days nalidixic acid.

  2000cited by this paper
• Invasion of Epithelial Cells by Bacterial Pathogens

  2000cited by this paper
• Invasion of epithelial cells by bacterial pathogens the paradigm of Shigella.

  2000cited by this paper
• Global burden of Shigella infections: implications for vaccine development and implementation of control strategies.

  1999cited by this paper
• Vaccination against Shigellosis with Attenuated Shigella flexneri 2a Strain SC602

  1999cited by this paper
• Generic protocol to estimate the burden of Shigella diarrhoea and dysenteric mortality. Field test version May 1999.

  1999cited by this paper
• Black Holes

  1998cited by this paper
• "Black holes" and bacterial pathogenicity: a large genomic deletion that enhances the virulence of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli.

  1998cited by this paper
• Evaluation of the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in healthy adults of four doses of live oral hybrid Escherichia coli-Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine strain EcSf2a-2.

  1995cited by this paper
• A modified Shigella volunteer challenge model in which the inoculum is administered with bicarbonate buffer: clinical experience and implications for Shigella infectivity.

  1995cited by this paper
• Epidemiologic patterns of acute diarrhea and endemic Shigella infections in children in a poor periurban setting in Santiago, Chile.

  1991cited by this paper

• Emerging Ceftriaxone Resistance in Paediatric Shigella sonnei: A 10-Year Retrospective Study.

  2026cites this paper
• Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri: Epidemiology supporting development of cross-protective vaccines

  2026cites this paper
• Development of a Novel mRNA Vaccine Against Shigella Pathotypes Causing Widespread Shigellosis Endemic: An In-Silico Immunoinformatic Approach

  2025cites this paper
• Increased Severity of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Infections in People Experiencing Homelessness

  2024cites this paper
• IgG Serum Antibodies to Shigella sonnei Lipopolysaccharide Are Inversely Associated with the Incidence of Culture-Proven S. sonnei Shigellosis in Israeli Children and Adolescents

  2024cites this paper
• Shigella sonnei: epidemiology, evolution, pathogenesis, resistance and host interactions

  2024cites this paper
• Antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence gene analysis of Shigella species causing dysentery in Iranian children: Implications for fluroquinolone resistance

  2024cites this paper
• Epidemiological analysis and prevention strategies in response to a shigellosis cluster outbreak: a retrospective case series in an alternative school in the Republic of Korea, 2023

  2024cites this paper
• Recent advances in modelling Shigella infection.

  2024cites this paper
• Shigella sonnei utilises colicins during inter-bacterial competition

  2024cites this paper
• Antibiotic resistance and serotype distribution of Shigella strains in Bangladesh over the period of 2014–2022: evidence from a nationwide hospital-based surveillance for cholera and other diarrheal diseases

  2024cites this paper
• Shigellosis in Southeast Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

  2023cites this paper
• Toward a Shigella Vaccine: Opportunities and Challenges to Fight an Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogen

  2023cites this paper
• A Review on the Antibiotic Resistance of Shigella Strains in Iran.

  2023cites this paper
• Characterization of Shigella flexneri in northern Vietnam in 2012–2016

  2023cites this paper
• Virulence genes expression profiling of different Shigella flexneri serotypes in response to sub-inhibitory concentrations of azithromycin and ciprofloxacin

  2022cites this paper
• A systematic review and meta-analysis of integrated studies on antimicrobial resistance in Vietnam, with a focus on Enterobacteriaceae, from a One Health perspective

  2022cites this paper
• A Comprehensive Computational Investigation into the Conserved Virulent Proteins of Shigella species Unveils Potential Small-Interfering RNA Candidates as a New Therapeutic Strategy against Shigellosis

  2022cites this paper
• Evaluation of a Live Attenuated S. sonnei Vaccine Strain in the Human Enteroid Model

  2021cites this paper
• Evolutionary histories and antimicrobial resistance in Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei in Southeast Asia

  2021cites this paper
• Subclinical Characteristics and Treatment Results of Shigella in the Pediatric Department, Vietnam – Cuba Dong Hoi Friendship Hospital, 2019

  2020cites this paper
• Contamination of Currency Notes with Kanamycin Resistant Shigella flexneri

  2020cites this paper
• Pathogens in Milk: Shigella spp.

  2020cites this paper
• Effect of Psidium guajava (guava) L. Leaf Decoction on Antibiotic-resistant Clinical Diarrhoeagenic Isolates of Shigella spp.

  2020cites this paper
• Laboratory-based surveillance of Shigella spp. from human clinical cases in Colombia, 1997-2018

  2020cites this paper
• Global population structure and genotyping framework for genomic surveillance of the major dysentery pathogen, Shigella sonnei

  2020cites this paper
• Factors Associated With Mortality in Toxic Encephalopathy Due to Shigellosis in Children

  2020cites this paper
• LSHTM Research Online

  2019cites this paper
• No clinical benefit of empirical antimicrobial therapyfor pediatric diarrhea in a high-usage, high-resistance setting

  2019influential citation
• Burden and risk factors of Shigella sonnei shigellosis among children aged 0-59 months in hyperendemic communities in Israel.

  2019cites this paper
• Relation of childhood diarrheal morbidity with the type of tube well used and associated factors of Shigella sonnei diarrhea in rural Bangladesh site of the Global Enteric Multicenter Study

  2019cites this paper
• Foodborne-associated Shigella sonnei , India , 2009 and 2010

  2019cites this paper
• Dissecting the molecular evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella sonnei

  2019cites this paper
• 1 Azithromycin resistance in Shigella spp . in Southeast Asia 1 2

  2018cites this paper
• Enteropathogens and antibiotics.

  2018cites this paper
• Shigella sonnei Does Not Use Amoebae as Protective Hosts

  2018cites this paper
• Azithromycin Resistance in Shigella spp. in Southeast Asia

  2018cites this paper
• Out of Asia: the independent rise and global spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella

  2018cites this paper
• Shigella infection in children under 5 years old in western French Guiana

  2018cites this paper
• Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Shigella isolates in a tertiary healthcare center

  2018cites this paper
• Recent insights into Shigella: a major contributor to the global diarrhoeal disease burden

  2018cites this paper
• Closed Genome and Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis of the Clinical Multidrug Resistant Shigella sonnei Strain 866

  2018cites this paper
• Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Bacillary Dysentery from 2005 to 2017 in Zhejiang Province, China

  2018cites this paper
• Action of Colloidal Bismuth Hydroxide Gel and its Commercial Cream on Enteropathogens and Colonizers of the Gastrointestinal Tract

  2018cites this paper
• Enteropathogens and antibiotics.

  2018cites this paper
• Invasion of HEp-2 cells by Shigella spp. isolated from acute pediatric diarrhea

  2017cites this paper
• Enteric Pathogens and Potential Risk Factors for Acute Bloody Diarrhoea in Nairobi West and Kilifi Sub Counties. A Case Control Study

  2017cites this paper
• Shigella sonnei Encodes a Functional T6SS Used for Interbacterial Competition and Niche Occupancy.

  2017cites this paper
• A 10-year surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Shigella sonnei isolates circulating in Jiangsu Province, China

  2017cites this paper
• No Clinical Benefit of Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy for Pediatric Diarrhea in a High-Usage, High-Resistance Setting

  2017influential citation
• Food Borne Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Due to Shigella sonnei in North - West Region of Rajasthan, India

  2017cites this paper
• Dynamics of insertion sequences in bacterial genomes

  2017cites this paper
• Molecular Characterization of Shigella sonnei: An Increasingly Prevalent Etiologic Agent of Shigellosis in Guizhou Province, Southwest of China

  2016cites this paper
• The genomic signatures of Shigella evolution, adaptation and geographical spread

  2016cites this paper
• Patterns of Bacillary Dysentery in China, 2005–2010

  2016cites this paper
• Distribution of Enteroinvasive and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Across Space and Time in Northwestern Ecuador.

  2016cites this paper
• Travel- and Community-Based Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Lineage among International Orthodox Jewish Communities

  2016cites this paper
• Deletion of toxin–antitoxin systems in the evolution of Shigella sonnei as a host-adapted pathogen

  2016cites this paper
• Molecular characterisation of quinolone-resistant Shigella strains isolated in Tehran, Iran.

  2016cites this paper
• Molecular and phenotypic characterization of strains of Shigella sonnei isolated over 31 years suggests the circulation of two prevalent subtypes in São Paulo State, Brazil.

  2016cites this paper
• Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from childhood diarrhea in Beijing, China (2010–2014)

  2016cites this paper
• South Asia as a Reservoir for the Global Spread of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei: A Cross-Sectional Study

  2016cites this paper
• Recent Outbreaks of Shigellosis in California Caused by Two Distinct Populations of Shigella sonnei with either Increased Virulence or Fluoroquinolone Resistance

  2016cites this paper
• Development of a Live Attenuated Bivalent Oral Vaccine Against Shigella sonnei Shigellosis and Typhoid Fever.

  2016cites this paper
• Prevalence, resistance patterns, and characterization of integrons of Shigella flexneri isolated from Jiangsu Province in China, 2001–2011

  2016cites this paper
• The epidemiology of paediatric diarrhoeal disease and Shigella infections in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

  2016cites this paper
• The transfer and decay of maternal antibody against Shigella sonnei in a longitudinal cohort of Vietnamese infants

  2016influential citation
• The Emergence of Quinolone Resistant Shigella sonnei, Pondicherry, India

  2016cites this paper
• Shigella Vaccine Development : The Model Matters

  2016influential citation
• Outbreak of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei Associated with Travel to Vietnam, Republic of Korea

  2015cites this paper
• The Rising Dominance of Shigella sonnei: An Intercontinental Shift in the Etiology of Bacillary Dysentery

  2015cites this paper
• Shigellosis in Subjects with Traveler's Diarrhea Versus Domestically Acquired Diarrhea: Implications for Antimicrobial Therapy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Surveillance.

  2015cites this paper
• An O Antigen Capsule Modulates Bacterial Pathogenesis in Shigella sonnei

  2015cites this paper
• A Prospective Multi-Center Observational Study of Children Hospitalized with Diarrhea in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

  2015influential citation
• Introduction and establishment of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella sonnei into Bhutan

  2015influential citation
• Antimicrobial Resistance in Shigella Species

  2015cites this paper
• Comparison of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Shigella between Europe-America and Asia-Africa from 1998 to 2012

  2015cites this paper
• The epidemiology and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infancy in southern Vietnam: a birth cohort study

  2015cites this paper
• Salmonella, Shigella, and yersinia.

  2015cites this paper
• Production of a Shigella sonnei Vaccine Based on Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMA), 1790GAHB

  2015cites this paper
• Enteric Bacterial Pathogens in Children with Diarrhea in Niger: Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance

  2015cites this paper
• Treatment of drug-resistant Shigella infections

  2015cites this paper
• [Molecular characterization of Shigella sonnei isolates recovered by the Laboratory Surveillance Program for Acute Diarrheal Disease in Colombia].

  2015cites this paper
• Species-wide whole genome sequencing reveals historical global spread and recent local persistence in Shigella flexneri

  2015cites this paper
• Clinical implications of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in paediatric Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri infections

  2015cites this paper
• Epidemiological trends and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of Shigella spp. isolated from stool cultures in two different populations in Southern Israel.

  2014influential citation
• Antimicrobial resistance of Shigella spp. from humans in Shanghai, China, 2004-2011.

  2014cites this paper
• A cohort study to define the age-specific incidence and risk factors of Shigella diarrhoeal infections in Vietnamese children: a study protocol

  2014influential citation
• Shigella: A Highly Virulent and Elusive Pathogen

  2014cites this paper
• Recent trends in the epidemiology of shigellosis in Israel

  2014cites this paper
• Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as the major cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients at an infectious disease hospital in southern Vietnam

  2014cites this paper
• Clinical and Microbiological Profiles of Shigellosis in Children

  2014cites this paper
• Epidemic and virulence characteristic of Shigella spp. with extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China

  2014cites this paper
• Changing trends and serotype distribution of Shigella species in Beijing from 1994 to 2010

  2013influential citation
• Hospital management of children with acute gastroenteritis

  2013cites this paper
• Clinical response to antibiotics among children with bloody diarrhea

  2013cites this paper
• Progress and pitfalls in Shigella vaccine research

  2013cites this paper
• The dynamics of GII.4 Norovirus in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

  2013cites this paper
• Incidence, clinical presentation, and antimicrobial resistance trends in Salmonella and Shigella infections from children in Yucatan, Mexico

  2013cites this paper
• Tracking the establishment of local endemic populations of an emergent enteric pathogen

  2013influential citation