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Microstructural imaging in the spinal cord and validation strategies

J. Cohen-Adad

Published 2018 in NeuroImage

ABSTRACT

Abstract In vivo histology using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a newly emerging research field that aims to non‐invasively characterize tissue microstructure. The implications of in vivo histology are many, from discovering novel biomarkers to studying human development, to providing tools for disease diagnosis and monitoring the effects of novel treatments on tissue. This review focuses on quantitative MRI (qMRI) techniques that are used to map spinal cord microstructure. Opening with a rationale for non‐invasive imaging of the spinal cord, this article continues with a brief overview of the existing MRI techniques for axon and myelin imaging, followed by the specific challenges and potential solutions for acquiring and processing such data. The final part of this review focuses on histological validation, with suggested tissue preparation, acquisition and processing protocols for large‐scale microscopy. Graphical abstract Figure. No caption available. HighlightsCombine contrasts such as diffusion and magnetization transfer to gain specificity.Standardize acquisition protocols to promote reproducibility and multi‐center studies.Standardize analysis methods via templates and open‐source software to minimize bias.Validation of qMRI using simulations, synthetic and ex vivo phantoms is necessary.

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