Regulation of intestinal permeability: The role of proteases

The gastrointestinal barrier is - with approximately 400 m2 - the human body’s largest surface separating the external environment from the internal milieu. This barrier serves a dual function: permitting the absorption of nutrients, water and electrolytes on the one hand, while limiting host contact with noxious luminal antigens on the other hand. To maintain this selective barrier, junction protein complexes seal the intercellular space between adjacent epithelial cells and regulate the paracellular transport. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with and suggested as a player in the pathophysiology of various gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease and type 1 diabetes. The gastrointestinal tract is exposed to high levels of endogenous and exogenous proteases, both in the lumen and in the mucosa. There is increasing evidence to suggest that a dysregulation of the protease/antiprotease balance in the gut contributes to epithelial damage and increased permeability. Excessive proteolysis leads to direct cleavage of intercellular junction proteins, or to opening of the junction proteins via activation of protease activated receptors. In addition, proteases regulate the activity and availability of cytokines and growth factors, which are also known modulators of intestinal permeability. This review aims at outlining the mechanisms by which proteases alter the intestinal permeability. More knowledge on the role of proteases in mucosal homeostasis and gastrointestinal barrier function will definitely contribute to the identification of new therapeutic targets for permeability-related diseases.

• Publication year

  2017

• Venue

  World Journal of Gastroenterology

• Publication date

  2017-03-28

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3748/wjg.v23.i12.2106PMID 28405139PMCID 5374123
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• The intestinal epithelial barrier: a therapeutic target?

  2017cited by this paper
• Tu1883 The Effect of a Protease Inhibitor in a Chronic Colitis Transfer Model

  2016cited by this paper
• Su1937 Two Serine Protease Inhibitors, Nafamostat Mesylate and the Newly Developed SPIx, Decrease Post-Inflammatory Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rats

  2016cited by this paper
• Visceral hypersensitivity in inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome: The role of proteases

  2016cited by this paper
• Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Regulates Tight Junction Protein Levels.

  2016cited by this paper
• Protease inhibition as new therapeutic strategy for GI diseases

  2016cited by this paper
• Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism

  2016cited by this paper
• Kiwifruit cysteine protease actinidin compromises the intestinal barrier by disrupting tight junctions.

  2016cited by this paper
• Beyond a tumor suppressor: Soluble E‐cadherin promotes the progression of cancer

  2016cited by this paper
• Granzyme M has a critical role in providing innate immune protection in ulcerative colitis

  2016cited by this paper
• N-Arylacyl O-sulfonated aminoglycosides as novel inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase 3.

  2016cited by this paper
• Optimizing Eating Performance for Long-Term Care Residents With Dementia: Testing the Impact of Function-Focused Care for Cognitively Impaired.

  2015cited by this paper
• Enterococcus faecalis Gelatinase Mediates Intestinal Permeability via Protease-Activated Receptor 2

  2015cited by this paper
• Matrix metalloproteinase 9-induced increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction permeability contributes to the severity of experimental DSS colitis.

  2015cited by this paper
• Beneficial effects of protease preparations derived from Aspergillus on the colonic luminal environment in rats consuming a high-fat diet.

  2015cited by this paper
• Inhibition of Matriptase Activity Results in Decreased Intestinal Epithelial Monolayer Integrity In Vitro

  2015cited by this paper
• Reinforced Epithelial Barrier Integrity via Matriptase Induction with Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Did Not Result in Disturbances in Physiological Redox Status

  2015cited by this paper
• Targeting matriptase in breast cancer abrogates tumor progression via impairment of stromal-epithelial growth factor signaling

  2015cited by this paper
• Converging roles of caspases in inflammasome activation, cell death and innate immunity

  2015cited by this paper
• Presence of commensal house dust mite allergen in human gastrointestinal tract: a potential contributor to intestinal barrier dysfunction

  2015cited by this paper
• Intestinal Permeability in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Pathogenesis, Clinical Evaluation, and Therapy of Leaky Gut

  2015cited by this paper
• Matrix Metalloproteinases in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Update

  2015cited by this paper
• Intestinal Permeability Regulation by Tight Junction: Implication on Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

  2015cited by this paper
• Tolerogenic dendritic cells and their applications in transplantation

  2014cited by this paper
• The microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: current status and the future ahead.

  2014cited by this paper
• Novel Role of the Serine Protease Inhibitor Elafin in Gluten-Related Disorders

  2014cited by this paper
• The effect of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) cysteine protease actinidin on the occludin tight junction network in T84 intestinal epithelial cells.

  2014cited by this paper
• Microbial-induced meprin β cleavage in MUC2 mucin and a functional CFTR channel are required to release anchored small intestinal mucus

  2014cited by this paper
• Mucus Enhances Gut Homeostasis and Oral Tolerance by Delivering Immunoregulatory Signals

  2013cited by this paper
• Mast Cell Tryptase Reduces Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A (JAM-A) Expression in Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Implications for the Mechanisms of Barrier Dysfunction in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

  2013cited by this paper
• Cleavage of transmembrane junction proteins and their role in regulating epithelial homeostasis

  2013cited by this paper
• TNF-a Modulation of Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier Is Regulated by ERK1/2 Activation of Elk-1

  2013cited by this paper
• Missing the target: matrix metalloproteinase antitargets in inflammation and cancer.

  2013cited by this paper
• Central Role of the Gut Epithelial Barrier in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Intestinal Inflammation: Lessons Learned from Animal Models and Human Genetics

  2013cited by this paper
• Myosin Light Chain Kinase Signaling in Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction

  2013cited by this paper
• Constitutive expression of MMP9 in intestinal epithelium worsens murine acute colitis and is associated with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokine Kc.

  2013cited by this paper
• Intestinal permeability defects: is it time to treat?

  2013cited by this paper
• Chymase-mediated intestinal epithelial permeability is regulated by a protease-activating receptor/matrix metalloproteinase-2-dependent mechanism.

  2013cited by this paper
• The EhCPADH112 Complex of Entamoeba histolytica Interacts with Tight Junction Proteins Occludin and Claudin-1 to Produce Epithelial Damage

  2013cited by this paper
• Entamoeba histolytica exacerbates epithelial tight junction permeability and proinflammatory responses in Muc2(-/-) mice.

  2013cited by this paper
• TNF-α modulation of intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier is regulated by ERK1/2 activation of Elk-1.

  2013cited by this paper
• Regulation of intestinal epithelial permeability by tight junctions

  2012cited by this paper
• Matriptase Protects Against Experimental Colitis and Promotes Intestinal Barrier Recovery

  2012cited by this paper
• Occludin is required for apoptosis when claudin–claudin interactions are disrupted

  2012cited by this paper
• Zonulin, regulation of tight junctions, and autoimmune diseases

  2012cited by this paper
• Myosin light chain kinase: pulling the strings of epithelial tight junction function

  2012cited by this paper
• From prediction to experimental validation: desmoglein 2 is a functionally relevant substrate of matriptase in epithelial cells and their reciprocal relationship is important for cell adhesion.

  2012cited by this paper
• Oral tolerance to food protein

  2012cited by this paper
• Degradation of the extracellular matrix components by bacterial‐derived metalloproteases: Implications for inflammatory bowel diseases

  2011cited by this paper
• Gut permeability and food allergies

  2011cited by this paper
• Enterococcus faecalis metalloprotease compromises epithelial barrier and contributes to intestinal inflammation.

  2011cited by this paper
• Increased intestinal permeability in inflammatory bowel diseases assessed by iohexol test.

  2011cited by this paper
• Protease-activated receptor 2 signaling in inflammation

  2011cited by this paper
• Proteases/Antiproteases in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

  2011cited by this paper
• Regulation of tight junction permeability by intestinal bacteria and dietary components.

  2011cited by this paper
• Proteases and their receptors in inflammation

  2011cited by this paper
• Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Food Hypersensitivity

  2011cited by this paper
• A protease inhibitor against acute stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity and paracellular permeability in rats.

  2011cited by this paper
• Zonulin and its regulation of intestinal barrier function: the biological door to inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer.

  2011cited by this paper
• Bacterial proteases in IBD and IBS

  2011cited by this paper
• Expression profiles of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in colonic inflammation related to pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

  2010cited by this paper
• Subjects with Diarrhea-Predominant IBS Have Increased Rectal Permeability Responsive to Tryptase

  2010cited by this paper
• Signal transduction by protease‐activated receptors

  2010cited by this paper
• Matrix metalloproteinases.

  2010cited by this paper
• A Key Role for E-cadherin in Intestinal Homeostasis and Paneth Cell Maturation

  2010cited by this paper
• Modifying the protease, antiprotease pattern by elafin overexpression protects mice from colitis.

  2010cited by this paper
• Myosin light chain kinase in microvascular endothelial barrier function.

  2010cited by this paper
• Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cell Biology Epithelial Integrity Is Maintained by a Matriptase-Dependent Proteolytic Pathway

  2010cited by this paper
• Cellular sources of MMP-7, MMP-13 and MMP-28 in ulcerative colitis

  2010cited by this paper
• Membrane-anchored serine protease matriptase regulates epithelial barrier formation and permeability in the intestine

  2010cited by this paper
• Matrix metalloproteinases: what do they not do? New substrates and biological roles identified by murine models and proteomics.

  2010cited by this paper
• Protease-activated receptors as drug targets in inflammation and pain.

  2009cited by this paper
• Serine proteases

  2009cited by this paper
• Cytokine regulation of tight junctions.

  2009cited by this paper
• TACE inhibition amplifies TNF-alpha-mediated colonic epithelial barrier disruption.

  2009cited by this paper
• Polymorphisms in E-cadherin (CDH1) result in a mis-localised cytoplasmic protein that is associated with Crohn’s disease

  2009cited by this paper
• Physiology and function of the tight junction.

  2009cited by this paper
• Spontaneous and cytokine induced expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases in human colonic epithelium

  2009cited by this paper
• Mechanism of cytokine modulation of epithelial tight junction barrier.

  2009cited by this paper
• Intestinal barrier function: molecular regulation and disease pathogenesis.

  2009cited by this paper
• Luminal cathepsin g and protease-activated receptor 4: a duet involved in alterations of the colonic epithelial barrier in ulcerative colitis.

  2009cited by this paper
• Epithelial integrity is maintained by a matriptase-dependent proteolytic pathway.

  2009cited by this paper
• Neutrophil-mediated Activation of Epithelial Protease-Activated Receptors-1 and -2 Regulates Barrier Function and Transepithelial Migration1

  2008cited by this paper
• Reducing small intestinal permeability attenuates colitis in the IL10 gene-deficient mouse

  2008cited by this paper
• Serine peptidases: Classification, structure and function

  2008cited by this paper
• Role of Chymase-Dependent Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activation in Mice with Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis

  2008cited by this paper
• Adherens and tight junctions: structure, function and connections to the actin cytoskeleton.

  2008cited by this paper
• Mice deficient in the CXCR2 ligand, CXCL1 (KC/GRO-α), exhibit increased susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis

  2008cited by this paper
• Opposing regulation of the tight junction protein claudin-2 by interferon-gamma and interleukin-4.

  2008cited by this paper
• Leaking gut in type 1 diabetes

  2008cited by this paper
• Opposing Regulation of the Tight Junction Protein Claudin-2 by Interferon-γ and Interleukin-4

  2008cited by this paper
• Matriptase-dependent cell surface proteolysis in epithelial development and pathogenesis.

  2007cited by this paper
• Intestinal permeability and irritable bowel syndrome

  2007cited by this paper
• Commensal bacteria and epithelial cross talk in the developing intestine

  2007cited by this paper
• Attenuated induction of epithelial and leukocyte serine antiproteases elafin and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in Crohn’s disease

  2007cited by this paper
• Colonic luminal proteases activate colonocyte proteinase‐activated receptor‐2 and regulate paracellular permeability in mice

  2007cited by this paper
• The Biochemical, Biological, and Pathological Kaleidoscope of Cell Surface Substrates Processed by Matrix Metalloproteinases

  2007cited by this paper
• Matrix metalloproteinase-9 regulates MUC-2 expression through its effect on goblet cell differentiation.

  2007cited by this paper
• Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors as therapy for inflammatory and vascular diseases

  2007cited by this paper
• Regulation of Oxidant-Induced Intestinal Permeability by Metalloprotease-Dependent Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling

  2007cited by this paper

• Antioxidant silymarin alleviated fumonisin B1-induced growth suppression and intestinal integrity damage in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

  2026cites this paper
• Clinical Implications of Gut-Lung Axis in Systemic Chemotherapy for Lung Cancer

  2026cites this paper
• Proinflammatory cytokines modify Ca2+ signaling and induce an apoptotic lipidome in murine small intestinal organoids.

  2026cites this paper
• TUDCA Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in APP/PS1 Mice by Modulating the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis

  2026cites this paper
• A Bacteroides fragilis protease activates host PAR2 to induce intestinal pain and inflammation.

  2025cites this paper
• Alterations of the Intestinal Barrier and Inflammatory Response, Caused by Chronic Ozone Exposure in a Rat Model

  2025cites this paper
• Narrative review on bacteria-derived metabolites in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis

  2025cites this paper
• Neurokinin B is a potential target for treating disruption of intestinal mucosal barrier in acute mechanical intestinal obstruction.

  2025cites this paper
• Causal association between periodontitis and oral cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

  2025cites this paper
• Love in the Time of COVID: Psychiatric Outcomes Related to Oxytocin and the “Endocrine Organ”

  2025cites this paper
• Local aquatic microflora as a potential source of probionts in biofloc technology for whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei

  2025cites this paper
• Dietary phytic acid damages the intestinal mucus barrier and structural integrity in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

  2025cites this paper
• Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis Role and Bacterial Translocation as a Factor for Septic Risk

  2025cites this paper
• HDAC inhibitors and IBD: Charting new approaches in disease management.

  2025cites this paper
• Ingested house dust mite favors sensitization to egg white in mice independently of its proteinase activity

  2025cites this paper
• Long-term crowding stress disrupts intestinal homeostasis in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

  2025cites this paper
• Resist or degrade? In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and health impact of legume-derived bioactive peptides

  2025cites this paper
• Identification of a secreted protease from Bacteroides fragilis that induces intestinal pain and inflammation by cleavage of PAR2

  2025cites this paper
• The Gut Microbiota: Emerging Evidence in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases

  2025cites this paper
• Distinct Fecal Proteolytic Activity in Zoo Animals with Different Feeding Strategies

  2025cites this paper
• Proteases in intestinal health and disease

  2025cites this paper
• Exogenous autoinducer-2 alleviates intestinal damage in necrotizing enterocolitis via PAR2/MMP3 signaling pathway.

  2024cites this paper
• Jianpi Huoxue Decoction Ameliorates Alcohol-associated Liver Disease by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function in Rats

  2024cites this paper
• Preliminary In Vitro Assessment of Whey Protein Isolate Hydrogel with Cannabidiol as a Potential Hydrophobic Oral Drug Delivery System for Colorectal Cancer Therapy

  2024cites this paper
• Unraveling the intricacies of neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory bowel disease: Pathways, biomarkers, and promising therapies.

  2024cites this paper
• Proteomic analysis across aged tissues reveals distinct signatures and the crucial involvement of midgut barrier function in the regulation of aging

  2024cites this paper
• Organic Trace Minerals Enhance the Gut Health of British Shorthair Cats by Regulating the Structure of Intestinal Microbiota

  2024cites this paper
• PROTEOMIC BIOMARKERS IN SERUM PREDICT VILLOUS ATROPHY DEVELOPMENT IN ASYMPTOMATIC POTENTIAL CELIAC DISEASE CHILDREN AT TIME OF DIAGNOSIS.

  2024cites this paper
• Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects bovine ruminal epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory damage by activating autophagy

  2024cites this paper
• Intestinal barrier permeability: the influence of gut microbiota, nutrition, and exercise

  2024cites this paper
• Association of Serum Proteases and Acute Phase Factors Levels with Survival Outcomes in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

  2024cites this paper
• Ileum Proteomics Identifies Distinct Pathways Associated with Different Dietary Doses of Copper–Fructose Interactions: Implications for the Gut–Liver Axis and MASLD

  2024cites this paper
• The covalent immobilization of β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae and alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis on amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in milk

  2024cites this paper
• Gastrointestinal digestion of food proteins: Anticancer, antihypertensive, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory mechanisms of the derived peptides.

  2024cites this paper
• Current understanding of the interplay between extracellular matrix remodelling and gut permeability in health and disease

  2024cites this paper
• Time-dependent effects of tumor necrosis factor α on Ca2+-dependent secretion in murine small intestinal organoids

  2024cites this paper
• Periodontitis increases the risk of gastrointestinal dysfunction: an update on the plausible pathogenic molecular mechanisms

  2024cites this paper
• An isotonic protein solution favorably modulated the porcine intestinal immune response and cellular adhesion markers and reduced PEDV shedding in vivo.

  2024cites this paper
• Active nanoparticle targeting of MUC5AC ameliorates therapeutic outcome in experimental colitis.

  2024cites this paper
• Beyond allergic progression: From molecules to microbes as barrier modulators in the gut-lung axis functionality

  2023cites this paper
• Efficacy of a Kiwifruit Extract (PhenActiv^TM) on Gastrointestinal Tract Function: A Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

  2023cites this paper
• Role of Stress on Driving the Intestinal Paracellular Permeability

  2023cites this paper
• Diet and Lifestyle Impact on Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review

  2023cites this paper
• Effects of reduced-protein diets with protease supplementation on growth, carcass yield, intestinal morphology, organ development, nutrient digestibility, and blood biochemical of broiler chickens

  2023cites this paper
• Oral vancomycin treatment suppresses gut trypsin activity and preserves intestinal barrier function during EAE

  2023cites this paper
• Harnessing actinobacteria potential for cancer prevention and treatment.

  2023cites this paper
• Effects of a Macroporous Resin Extract of Dendrobium officinale Leaves in Rats with Hyperuricemia Induced by Anthropomorphic Unhealthy Lifestyle

  2023cites this paper
• Research progress on the neutrophil components and their interactions with immune cells in the development of psoriasis

  2023cites this paper
• AflatoxinB1 (AFB1) and its toxic effect on the broilers intestine: A review

  2023cites this paper
• Crohn’s disease proteolytic microbiota enhances inflammation through PAR2 pathway in gnotobiotic mice

  2023cites this paper
• Imbalance of Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cell-Expression of Metalloproteinases and Their Endogenous Inhibitors Promotes Septic Barrier Dysfunction

  2023cites this paper
• Oligosaccharides of Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis and regulates the gut microbiota.

  2023cites this paper
• Antibiotic Resistance Diagnosis in ESKAPE Pathogens—A Review on Proteomic Perspective

  2023cites this paper
• Optimized extraction and large-scale proteomics of pig jejunum brush border membranes for use in in vitro digestion models.

  2022cites this paper
• Protective effect of Surface-layer proteins from four Lactobacillus strains on TNF-α-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.

  2022cites this paper
• Adalimumab Decorated Nanoparticles Enhance Antibody Stability and Therapeutic Outcome in Epithelial Colitis Targeting

  2022cites this paper
• The regulative effect and repercussion of probiotics and prebiotics on osteoporosis: involvement of brain-gut-bone axis

  2022cites this paper
• Long-Read Genome Sequencing Provides Molecular Insights into Scavenging and Societal Complexity in Spotted Hyena Crocuta crocuta

  2022cites this paper
• Alterations of lung microbiota in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

  2022cites this paper
• Food as Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

  2022cites this paper
• Effect of TRAF6 in acute pancreatitis-induced intestinal barrier injury via TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway.

  2022cites this paper
• A comprehensive review of recent advances and considerations for the selection of cell-based in-vitro techniques for the assessment of permeability.

  2022cites this paper
• Is type 2 diabetes mellitus another intercellular junction-related disorder?

  2022cites this paper
• Intestinal homeostasis and inflammation: Gut microbiota at the crossroads of pancreas–intestinal barrier axis

  2022cites this paper
• Engineered Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 with urate oxidase and an oxygen-recycling system for hyperuricemia treatment

  2022cites this paper
• Taxonomical and functional changes in COVID‐19 faecal microbiome could be related to SARS‐CoV‐2 faecal load

  2022cites this paper
• Altered epithelial barrier functions in the colon of patients with spina bifida

  2022cites this paper
• Probiotics Function as Immunomodulators in the Intestine in C57Bl/6 Male Mice Exposed to Inhaled Diesel Exhaust Particles on a High-Fat Diet

  2022cites this paper
• Inhibition of Serine Proteases as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Abdominal Pain in IBS

  2022cites this paper
• Purification, characterization and antioxidant efficacy testing of trypsin inhibitor protein from Anonna squamosa seeds

  2022cites this paper
• Relationship of zinc level with pathogenetically significant homeostasis disorders in severely burned patients.

  2022cites this paper
• Long-read genome sequencing provides molecular insights into 2 scavenging and societal complexity in spotted hyena Crocuta 3 4

  2022influential citation
• Changes of physico-chemical properties of nano-biomaterials by digestion fluids affect the physiological properties of epithelial intestinal cells and barrier models

  2022cites this paper
• Protease-Activated Receptors in Health and Disease.

  2022cites this paper
• Microbiota and Oral Cancer as A Complex and Dynamic Microenvironment: A Narrative Review from Etiology to Prognosis

  2022cites this paper
• Parkinson's Disease: A Multisystem Disorder

  2022cites this paper
• Neuroprotective Effects of Sodium Butyrate and Monomethyl Fumarate Treatment through GPR109A Modulation and Intestinal Barrier Restoration on PD Mice

  2022cites this paper
• Gut microbes in cerebrovascular diseases: Gut flora imbalance, potential impact mechanisms and promising treatment strategies

  2022cites this paper
• Comparison of the Effects of Acute Appendicitis and Chronic Cholecystitis on Intestinal Mucosal Function During Surgery

  2022cites this paper
• Fecal microbiota transplantation as a promising treatment option for osteoporosis

  2022cites this paper
• Serpin-positive Bifidobacterium breve CNCM I-5644 improves intestinal permeability in two models of irritable bowel syndrome

  2022cites this paper
• Challenges and Strategies to Enhance the Systemic Absorption of Inhaled Peptides and Proteins

  2022cites this paper
• Impact of Biometric Patient Data, Probiotic Supplementation, and Selected Gut Microorganisms on Calprotectin, Zonulin, and sIgA Concentrations in the Stool of Adults Aged 18–74 Years

  2022cites this paper
• MicroRNA-1297 participates in the repair of intestinal barrier injury in patients with HIV/AIDS via negative regulation of PLCβ1

  2022cites this paper
• Alterations of gut microbiota and cytokines in elevated serum diamine oxidase disorder

  2022cites this paper
• Therapeutic effects of Bombax ceiba flower aqueous extracts against loperamide-induced constipation in mice

  2022cites this paper
• Can increased intestinal permeability and low-grade endotoxemia be the triggering pathogenesis in isolated coronary artery ectasia?

  2022cites this paper
• Ingestion of Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates colitis via intestinal epithelial barrier disruption in mice.

  2021cites this paper
• Multi-omics analyses of the Ulcerative Colitis gut microbiome link Bacteroides vulgatus proteases with disease severity

  2021cites this paper
• The Influence of Diet and Probiotics on the Response of Solid Tumours to Immunotherapy: Present and Future Perspectives

  2021cites this paper
• Fecal Metabolomics Reveals Products of Dysregulated Proteolysis and Altered Microbial Metabolism in Obesity-Related Osteoarthritis.

  2021cites this paper
• The Effect of Bacterial Infections, Probiotics and Zonulin on Intestinal Barrier Integrity

  2021cites this paper
• Targeting Probiotics in Rheumatoid Arthritis

  2021cites this paper
• SP-1, a Serine Protease from the Gut Microbiota, Influences Colitis and Drives Intestinal Dysbiosis in Mice

  2021cites this paper
• Chlorogenic acid improves intestinal barrier function by downregulating CD14 to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway

  2021cites this paper
• Paraprobiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Protects Intestinal Damage in an Experimental Murine Model of Mucositis

  2021cites this paper
• Upregulation of gut cathepsin L during Eimeria tenella infection.

  2021cites this paper
• Taxonomical and functional changes in COVID-19 faecal microbiome are related to SARS-CoV-2 faecal load

  2021cites this paper
• Interplay between Extracellular Matrix and Neutrophils in Diseases

  2021cites this paper
• Constipation induced gut microbiota dysbiosis exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice

  2021cites this paper