Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Does the Type of Diabetes Matter?

In recent years, type 2 diabetes mellitus has evolved as a rapidly increasing epidemic that parallels the increased prevalence of obesity and which markedly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease across the globe. While ischemic heart disease represents the major cause of death in diabetic subjects, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) summarizes adverse effects of diabetes mellitus on the heart that are independent of coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension. DC increases the risk of heart failure (HF) and may lead to both heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed to underlie DC that partially overlap with mechanisms believed to contribute to heart failure. Nevertheless, the existence of DC remains a topic of controversy, although the clinical relevance of DC is increasingly recognized by scientists and clinicians. In addition, relatively little attention has been attributed to the fact that both underlying mechanisms and clinical features of DC may be partially distinct in type 1 versus type 2 diabetes. In the following review, we will discuss clinical and preclinical literature on the existence of human DC in the context of the two different types of diabetes mellitus.

• Publication year

  2016

• Venue

  International Journal of Molecular Sciences

• Publication date

  2016-12-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3390/ijms17122136PMID 27999359PMCID 5187936
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Lipotoxicity in obesity and diabetes-related cardiac dysfunction.

  2016cited by this paper
• Early reduced myocardial diastolic function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus a population-based study

  2016cited by this paper
• Hyperglycemia-Induced Hypovolemia Is Involved in Early Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Alterations in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice: A Comparison with Furosemide-Induced Hypovolemia

  2016cited by this paper
• Clinical diabetic cardiomyopathy: a two-faced disease with restrictive and dilated phenotypes.

  2015cited by this paper
• Diastolic dysfunction in the diabetic continuum: association with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes

  2015cited by this paper
• Long-term excess risk of heart failure in people with type 1 diabetes: a prospective case-control study.

  2015cited by this paper
• Coronary microvascular function is independently associated with left ventricular filling pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

  2015cited by this paper
• Longitudinal left ventricular strain impairment in type 1 diabetes children and adolescents: a 2D speckle strain imaging study.

  2014cited by this paper
• Molecular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy

  2014cited by this paper
• Myocardial dysfunction and chronic heart failure in patients with long-lasting type 1 diabetes: a 7-year prospective cohort study

  2013influential reference
• Diabetes and the Heart: Is There Objective Evidence of a Human Diabetic Cardiomyopathy?

  2013cited by this paper
• Genetic loss of insulin receptors worsens cardiac efficiency in diabetes.

  2012influential reference
• Insulin resistance: metabolic mechanisms and consequences in the heart.

  2012cited by this paper
• Na+/Ca2+ exchanger-1 protects against systolic failure in the Akitains2 model of diabetic cardiomyopathy via a CXCR4/NF-κB pathway.

  2012cited by this paper
• Glycaemic control and incidence of heart failure in 20,985 patients with type 1 diabetes: an observational study.

  2011cited by this paper
• Association of glucose metabolism with diastolic function along the diabetic continuum

  2010influential reference
• Coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: A review.

  2010cited by this paper
• Changes in metabolic syndrome parameters in patients with schizoaffective disorder who participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of topiramate.

  2009cited by this paper
• Rodent models of diabetic cardiomyopathy

  2009cited by this paper
• Association between diabetes mellitus and left ventricular hypertrophy in a multiethnic population.

  2008cited by this paper
• Novel MRI method to detect altered left ventricular ejection and filling patterns in rodent models of disease

  2008cited by this paper
• Type 1 Diabetic Akita Mouse Hearts Are Insulin Sensitive but Manifest Structurally Abnormal Mitochondria That Remain Coupled Despite Increased Uncoupling Protein 3

  2008cited by this paper
• Mechanisms of impaired calcium handling underlying subclinical diastolic dysfunction in diabetes.

  2007cited by this paper
• Left ventricular function in normotensive young adults with well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus.

  2007cited by this paper
• MicroRNAs are aberrantly expressed in hypertrophic heart: do they play a role in cardiac hypertrophy?

  2007cited by this paper
• Decreased complex II respiration and HNE-modified SDH subunit in diabetic heart.

  2006cited by this paper
• Reduced cardiac efficiency and altered substrate metabolism precedes the onset of hyperglycemia and contractile dysfunction in two mouse models of insulin resistance and obesity.

  2005cited by this paper
• Impaired cardiac efficiency and increased fatty acid oxidation in insulin-resistant ob/ob mouse hearts.

  2004cited by this paper
• The incidence of congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes: an update.

  2004cited by this paper
• Impact of Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance on Cardiac Structure and Function: Sex-Related Differences in the Framingham Heart Study

  2003cited by this paper
• Left ventricular diastolic filling in young persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

  2003cited by this paper
• Metallothionein prevents diabetes-induced deficits in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production.

  2003cited by this paper
• Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function in diabetic db/db and transgenic db/db-hGLUT4 mice.

  2002cited by this paper
• Insulin signaling coordinately regulates cardiac size, metabolism, and contractile protein isoform expression.

  2002cited by this paper
• Overexpression of Apolipoprotein B in the Heart Impedes Cardiac Triglyceride Accumulation and Development of Cardiac Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice*

  2002cited by this paper
• Overexpression of metallothionein reduces diabetic cardiomyopathy.

  2002cited by this paper
• Genotoxicity of streptozotocin.

  2002cited by this paper
• Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction as an Early Manifestation of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

  2002cited by this paper
• IGF-1 overexpression inhibits the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and angiotensin II-mediated oxidative stress.

  2001cited by this paper
• Heart failure in the general population of men--morbidity, risk factors and prognosis.

  2001cited by this paper
• Glycemic Control and Heart Failure Among Adult Patients With Diabetes

  2001cited by this paper
• Impact of diabetes on cardiac structure and function: the strong heart study.

  2000cited by this paper
• Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study

  2000cited by this paper
• No evidence for systolic or diastolic left ventricular dysfunction at rest in selected patients with long‐term Type I diabetes mellitus

  1999cited by this paper
• Increased left ventricular systolic function in insulin dependent diabetic patients with normal albumin excretion.

  1998cited by this paper
• Myocardial dysfunction and adrenergic cardiac innervation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

  1998cited by this paper
• Reduced myocardial flow reserve in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

  1997cited by this paper
• Massive xanthomatosis and atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed low density lipoprotein receptor-negative mice.

  1994cited by this paper
• Which Left Ventricular Function Is Impaired Earlier in the Evolution of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy?: An echocardiographic study of young type I diabetic patients

  1994cited by this paper
• Residual Left Ventricular Pump Function After Acute Myocardial Infarction in NIDDM Patients

  1992cited by this paper
• Echocardiographic evidence for the existence of a distinct diabetic cardiomyopathy (the Framingham Heart Study).

  1991cited by this paper
• Diastolic abnormalities in young asymptomatic diabetic patients assessed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

  1988cited by this paper
• Exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction in young men with asymptomatic diabetes mellitus (diabetic cardiomyopathy).

  1984cited by this paper
• Increased congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction of modest extent in patients with diabetes mellitus.

  1984cited by this paper
• Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The Framingham study.

  1979cited by this paper
• Role of diabetes in congestive heart failure: the Framingham study.

  1974cited by this paper
• New type of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetic glomerulosclerosis.

  1972cited by this paper

• NLRP3 inflammasomes pathway: a key target for Metformin

  2025cites this paper
• Heart Rate Variability, Microvascular Dysfunction, and Inflammation: Exploring the Potential of taVNS in Managing Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

  2025cites this paper
• Cardioprotective Effects of Dapagliflozin and Trimetazidine on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Rats via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

  2025cites this paper
• Effects of exercise intensity and diet on cardiac tissue structure and FGF21/β-Klotho signaling in type 2 diabetic mice: a comparative study of HFD and HFD + STZ induced type 2 diabetes models in mice

  2025cites this paper
• Cardiac Energy Metabolism in Diabetes: Emerging Therapeutic Targets and Clinical Implications.

  2025cites this paper
• Potential Significance of Targeting Ferroptosis for Intervention of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

  2025cites this paper
• Exerkines: Potential Regulators of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

  2025cites this paper
• Metabolic Modulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Glucose Oxidationin Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Pathways, Perspectives, and Potentials.

  2025cites this paper
• Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Mechanistic insights on molecular pathways and emerging therapeutic approaches

  2025cites this paper
• The Contribution of Echocardiography to the Diagnosis and Prognosis Stratification of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

  2025cites this paper
• Mitochondrial homeostasis collapse to cardiac remodeling: From mechanisms to novel targeted therapeutic avenues.

  2025cites this paper
• Epicardial Fat and Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes: Metabolism, Imaging and Novel Biomarkers—A Translational Perspective

  2025cites this paper
• Is early use of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) necessary even in diabetic patients without cardiovascular disease: a prospective study regarding the effect of SGLT2i on left ventricular diastolic function

  2025cites this paper
• Mitochondrial energy metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy: Physiological adaption, pathogenesis, and therapeutic targets

  2024cites this paper
• Lipoxin A4 improves cardiac remodeling and function in diabetes-associated cardiac dysfunction

  2024cites this paper
• Preparation, characterization, and determination of the therapeutic effects of copper nanoparticles green-formulated by Pistacia atlantica in diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rat

  2024cites this paper
• [The relevance of diastolic reserve of the left ventricle in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (literature review).]

  2024cites this paper
• Dialogue between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum-potential therapeutic targets for age-related cardiovascular diseases

  2024cites this paper
• Extracellular Vesicles in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy—State of the Art and Future Perspectives

  2024cites this paper
• Mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency exacerbates lipotoxic cardiomyopathy

  2024cites this paper
• Pathophysiological aspects of morphological changes in the structure of atrioventricular valves leafl ets in diabetes mellitus

  2024cites this paper
• NF-ĸB axis in diabetic neuropathy, cardiomyopathy and nephropathy: A roadmap from molecular intervention to therapeutic strategies

  2024cites this paper
• Diabetic Cardiomyopathy—From Basics through Diagnosis to Treatment

  2024cites this paper
• Harnessing the Synergy of SGLT2 Inhibitors and Continuous Ketone Monitoring (CKM) in Managing Heart Failure among Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

  2024cites this paper
• LncRNA and mRNA expression characteristic and bioinformatic analysis in myocardium of diabetic cardiomyopathy mice

  2024cites this paper
• Chitosan Versus Dapagliflozin in a Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Mouse Model

  2024cites this paper
• Role of pyroptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy: an updated review

  2024cites this paper
• Gasdermin D-Mediated Pyroptosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Molecular Mechanisms and Pharmacological Implications

  2023cites this paper
• Beyond the Beat: A Pioneering Investigation into Exercise Modalities for Alleviating Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Enhancing Cardiac Health.

  2023cites this paper
• mTORC1 and SGLT2 Inhibitors—A Therapeutic Perspective for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

  2023influential citation
• Urine-derived stem cell therapy for diabetes mellitus and its complications: progress and challenges

  2023cites this paper
• A Detailed Review on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

  2023influential citation
• The Role of Renin–Angiotensin System in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Narrative Review

  2023cites this paper
• Iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation: implication of ferroptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy

  2023cites this paper
• SIRT6: A potential therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy

  2023cites this paper
• EFEKAT METABOLIČKOG SINDROMA NA INCIDENCU I STEPEN HIPERTROFIJE MIOKARDA LEVE KOMORE KOD HIPERTENZIVNIH PACIJENATA

  2023influential citation
• Diabetic cardiomyopathy: an educational review.

  2023cites this paper
• The role of m6A and m6Am RNA modifications in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus

  2023cites this paper
• Rapid kidney function decline and increased risk of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes: findings from the ACCORD cohort

  2023cites this paper
• An insight into the pathogenesis of Diabetic cardiomyopathy along with the novel potential therapeutic approaches.

  2023cites this paper
• Insights into SGLT2 inhibitor treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy: focus on the mechanisms

  2023influential citation
• Diabetic cardiomyopathy: The role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs

  2023cites this paper
• Organosulfur Compounds in Aged Garlic Extract Ameliorate Glucose Induced Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Attenuating Oxidative Stress, Cardiac Fibrosis, and Cardiac Apoptosis.

  2023cites this paper
• Role of Echocardiography in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Mechanisms to Clinical Practice

  2023cites this paper
• Efficacy of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the treatment of chronic micro‐ and macrovascular complications of diabetes

  2023cites this paper
• Understanding One Half of the Sex Difference Equation: The Modulatory Effects of Testosterone on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

  2023cites this paper
• Network Pharmacology Study of Huangqi-Huangjing in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

  2023cites this paper
• Plin5, a New Target in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

  2022cites this paper
• Empagliflozin Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Improving Mitochondrial Function

  2022cites this paper
• Non-Invasive Local Acoustic Therapy Ameliorates Diabetic Heart Fibrosis by Suppressing ACE-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiac Fibroblasts

  2022cites this paper
• Case Fatality of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes After Myocardial Infarction

  2022cites this paper
• Signaling Pathways Related to Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

  2022influential citation
• Bibliometric analysis of the inflammation in diabetic cardiomyopathy

  2022cites this paper
• Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Clinical phenotype and practice

  2022cites this paper
• Diabetic cardiomyopathy: a brief summary on lipid toxicity

  2022cites this paper
• Changes of plasma aldosterone and angiotensin II levels in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy combined with Type-2 diabetes mellitus and their clinical significance

  2022cites this paper
• Modelling Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Using Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes to Complement Animal Models

  2022cites this paper
• Preparation, chemical characterization and determination of the antioxidant, cytotoxicity and therapeutic effects of gold nanoparticles green-synthesized by Calendula officinalis flower extract in diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction in rat

  2022cites this paper
• Potential Role of SUMO and SUMOylation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus.

  2022cites this paper
• involvement in diabetes mellitus patients (Literature review)

  2022cites this paper
• Heart Involvement in Diabetes mellitus Patients

  2022cites this paper
• Role of histone deacetylase inhibitors in diabetic cardiomyopathy in experimental models (Review)

  2022cites this paper
• Diabetes and restenosis

  2022cites this paper
• Glycemic Control and the Heart: The Tale of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Continues

  2022cites this paper
• Ranolazine Inhibits Pyroptosis via Regulation of miR-135b in the Treatment of Diabetic Cardiac Fibrosis

  2022cites this paper
• Pyroptosis-Related Inflammasome Pathway: A New Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

  2022influential citation
• STK35 Gene Therapy Attenuates Endothelial Dysfunction and Improves Cardiac Function in Diabetes

  2022cites this paper
• New insights into the role of melatonin in diabetic cardiomyopathy

  2022cites this paper
• Mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy: molecular abnormalities and phenotypical variants

  2022cites this paper
• Ca2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction: a converging road to prediabetic and diabetic cardiomyopathy

  2022cites this paper
• Echocardiographic evaluation in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

  2021cites this paper
• The role of miR-320 in glucose and lipid metabolism disorder-associated diseases

  2021cites this paper
• Novel insights in the relationship of gut microbiota and coronary artery diseases

  2021cites this paper
• Antioxidant Sirt1/Akt axis expression in resveratrol pretreated adipose‐derived stem cells increases regenerative capability in a rat model with cardiomyopathy induced by diabetes mellitus

  2021cites this paper
• Metformin impairs homing ability and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac repair in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats.

  2021cites this paper
• Effects of D-pinitol on myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis in streptozocin-induced aging-accelerated mice.

  2021cites this paper
• Effects of Apocynin on Heart Muscle Oxidative Stress of Rats with Experimental Diabetes: Implications for Mitochondria

  2021cites this paper
• Mitochondrial Redox and TCA Cycle Metabolite Signaling in the Heart.

  2021cites this paper
• A Novel ALDH2 Activator AD-9308 Improves Diastolic and Systolic Myocardial Functions in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

  2021cites this paper
• Role of dietary modifications in the management of type 2 diabetic complications.

  2021cites this paper
• Research progress on the mechanism of action of reactive oxygen species in diabetic cardiomyopathy

  2021influential citation
• A Inibição do Metabolismo da Glicose por miR-34a e miR-125b Protege contra a Morte Celular de Cardiomiócitos Causada por Hiperglicemia

  2021influential citation
• The MEK inhibitor U0126 ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by restricting XBP1's phosphorylation dependent SUMOylation

  2021cites this paper
• Ryanodine receptor and immune‐related molecules in diabetic cardiomyopathy

  2021cites this paper
• Role of novel biomarkers in diabetic cardiomyopathy

  2021cites this paper
• The Goto Kakizaki rat: Impact of age upon changes in cardiac and renal structure, function

  2021cites this paper
• Cellular mechanisms and recommended drug-based therapeutic options in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

  2021cites this paper
• The Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Contributing Pathophysiological Mechanisms

  2021cites this paper
• SIRT1: a promising therapeutic target in type 2 diabetes mellitus

  2021cites this paper
• Heart Failure in Type 1 Diabetes: A Complication of Concern? A Narrative Review

  2021cites this paper
• Replacement of Lost Substance P Reduces Fibrosis in the Diabetic Heart by Preventing Adverse Fibroblast and Macrophage Phenotype Changes

  2021cites this paper
• The use of echocardiography in type 1 diabetes.

  2021cites this paper
• Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: pathophysiology and treatment options

  2021cites this paper
• Analysis of circRNA regulatory network in myocardial tissue of type 1 diabetic mice.

  2021cites this paper
• Novel Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Pharmacological Strategies

  2021cites this paper
• Research Progress on Epigenetics of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Type 2 Diabetes

  2021cites this paper
• The Comparison of the effect of High Intensity Interval and Progressive Resistance Training on Activated Transcription Factor 3 myocardial gene expression in male Diabetic Rats

  2021cites this paper
• Fat reducing effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract in overweight patients

  2021cites this paper
• Mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential therapeutic strategies: preclinical and clinical evidence

  2020cites this paper
• Mitochondrial ROS Formation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

  2020influential citation