Advances in dissecting mosquito innate immune responses to arbovirus infection.

Arthropod-borne viruses - arboviruses - are a significant threat to public health. Whilst there is considerable knowledge about arbovirus interactions with vertebrate immunity, relatively little is known about how vectors such as mosquitoes control arbovirus infections. In this review, we discuss novel findings in the field of mosquito antiviral responses to arboviruses, in particular RNA interference, the up-and-coming field of general immune-signalling pathways, and cell death/apoptosis.

• Publication year

  2009

• Venue

  Journal of General Virology

• Publication date

  2009-09-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1099/vir.0.013201-0PMID 19570957
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Cell-to-Cell Spread of the RNA Interference Response Suppresses Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) Infection of Mosquito Cell Cultures and Cannot Be Antagonized by SFV

  2009influential reference
• Antiviral immunity in Drosophila requires systemic RNA interference spread

  2009cited by this paper
• A haemocyte tropism for an arbovirus.

  2009cited by this paper
• Mode of transmission and the evolution of arbovirus virulence in mosquito vectors

  2009cited by this paper
• Antiviral immunity in Drosophila requires systemic RNAi spread

  2009cited by this paper
• Origins of alphavirus-derived small RNAs in mosquitoes

  2009influential reference
• Stable Introduction of a Life-Shortening Wolbachia Infection into the Mosquito Aedes aegypti

  2009cited by this paper
• Dicing of viral replication intermediates during silencing of latent Drosophila viruses

  2009influential reference
• Natural and engineered mosquito immunity

  2009cited by this paper
• Antiviral immunity in drosophila.

  2009influential reference
• RNA recognition and signal transduction by RIG‐I‐like receptors

  2009cited by this paper
• Small RNAs and the control of transposons and viruses in Drosophila.

  2009cited by this paper
• Suppression of RNA interference increases alphavirus replication and virus-associated mortality in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

  2009influential reference
• Dengue Virus Type 2 Infections of Aedes aegypti Are Modulated by the Mosquito's RNA Interference Pathway

  2009influential reference
• Autophagy is an essential component of Drosophila immunity against vesicular stomatitis virus.

  2009cited by this paper
• Aedes aegypti uses RNA interference in defense against Sindbis virus infection

  2008influential reference
• The Aedes aegypti Toll Pathway Controls Dengue Virus Infection

  2008influential reference
• Alphavirus-derived small RNAs modulate pathogenesis in disease vector mosquitoes

  2008influential reference
• Comparative genomics of small RNA regulatory pathway components in vector mosquitoes

  2008influential reference
• A Mechanism Regulating the Onset of Sox2 Expression in the Embryonic Neural Plate

  2008cited by this paper
• Mechanism of induction and suppression of antiviral immunity directed by virus-derived small RNAs in Drosophila.

  2008cited by this paper
• Semliki Forest virus strongly reduces mosquito host defence signaling

  2008influential reference
• Dengue virus-mosquito interactions.

  2008cited by this paper
• Global spread and persistence of dengue.

  2008cited by this paper
• The Bacterial Symbiont Wolbachia Induces Resistance to RNA Viral Infections in Drosophila melanogaster

  2008cited by this paper
• Wolbachia and Virus Protection in Insects

  2008cited by this paper
• The DExD/H-box helicase Dicer-2 mediates the induction of antiviral activity in drosophila

  2008influential reference
• Chikungunya‐Wolbachia interplay in Aedes albopictus

  2008cited by this paper
• Ex vivo promoter analysis of antiviral heat shock cognate 70B gene in Anopheles gambiae

  2008influential reference
• Interferons and viruses: an interplay between induction, signalling, antiviral responses and virus countermeasures.

  2008cited by this paper
• West Nile virus infection of Drosophila melanogaster induces a protective RNAi response.

  2008influential reference
• Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Capsid Protein Inhibits Nuclear Import in Mammalian but Not in Mosquito Cells

  2008cited by this paper
• Induction of host defence responses by Drosophila C virus.

  2008cited by this paper
• Effects of inducing or inhibiting apoptosis on Sindbis virus replication in mosquito cells.

  2008influential reference
• Viral subversion of apoptotic enzymes: escape from death row.

  2008cited by this paper
• Viral evasion and subversion of pattern-recognition receptor signalling

  2008cited by this paper
• Capsid Protein of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Inhibits Host Cell Gene Expression

  2007cited by this paper
• Antiviral immunity directed by small RNAs.

  2007cited by this paper
• Anopheles gambiae heat shock protein cognate 70B impedes o'nyong-nyong virus replication

  2007influential reference
• RNAi for insect-proof plants

  2007cited by this paper
• The Drosophila systemic immune response: sensing and signalling during bacterial and fungal infections

  2007cited by this paper
• La Crosse Bunyavirus Nonstructural Protein NSs Serves To Suppress the Type I Interferon System of Mammalian Hosts

  2007influential reference
• The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster.

  2007influential reference
• Genome Sequence of Aedes aegypti, a Major Arbovirus Vector

  2007cited by this paper
• A Structured Viroid RNA Serves as a Substrate for Dicer-Like Cleavage To Produce Biologically Active Small RNAs but Is Resistant to RNA-Induced Silencing Complex-Mediated Degradation

  2007cited by this paper
• Changing patterns of chikungunya virus: re-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus.

  2007cited by this paper
• Analysis of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Capsid Protein Function in the Inhibition of Cellular Transcription

  2007cited by this paper
• Evolutionary Dynamics of Immune-Related Genes and Pathways in Disease-Vector Mosquitoes

  2007cited by this paper
• Semliki Forest Virus Nonstructural Protein 2 Is Involved in Suppression of the Type I Interferon Response

  2007cited by this paper
• Bluetongue outbreak in the UK

  2007cited by this paper
• Salivary gland morphology and virus transmission during long-term cytopathologic West Nile virus infection in Culex mosquitoes.

  2007cited by this paper
• An outbreak of chikungunya fever in the province of Ravenna, Italy.

  2007cited by this paper
• Double-stranded RNA and antiviral immunity in marine shrimp: inducible host mechanisms and evidence for the evolution of viral counter-responses.

  2007cited by this paper
• The Old World and New World Alphaviruses Use Different Virus-Specific Proteins for Induction of Transcriptional Shutoff

  2006cited by this paper
• Virus counterdefense: diverse strategies for evading the RNA-silencing immunity.

  2006cited by this paper
• Blocking of Interferon-Induced Jak-Stat Signaling by Japanese Encephalitis Virus NS5 through a Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-Mediated Mechanism

  2006cited by this paper
• Mosquito midguts and malaria: cell biology, compartmentalization and immunology

  2006cited by this paper
• Sindbis Virus Nonstructural Protein nsP2 Is Cytotoxic and Inhibits Cellular Transcription

  2006cited by this paper
• Evolutionary Influences in Arboviral Disease

  2006cited by this paper
• Systemic antiviral silencing in plants.

  2006cited by this paper
• Essential function in vivo for Dicer-2 in host defense against RNA viruses in drosophila

  2006cited by this paper
• The RNA silencing endonuclease Argonaute 2 mediates specific antiviral immunity in Drosophila melanogaster.

  2006cited by this paper
• Natural selection drives extremely rapid evolution in antiviral RNAi genes.

  2006cited by this paper
• Small RNA viruses of insects: expression in plants and RNA silencing.

  2006cited by this paper
• Viral suppressors of RNA interference impair RNA silencing induced by a Semliki Forest virus replicon in tick cells.

  2006cited by this paper
• Apoptosis in mosquito midgut epithelia associated with West Nile virus infection

  2006cited by this paper
• Engineering RNA interference-based resistance to dengue virus type 2 in genetically modified Aedes aegypti.

  2006cited by this paper
• RNAi is an antiviral immune response against a dsRNA virus in Drosophila melanogaster

  2006cited by this paper
• A simplified method for cloning of short interfering RNAs from Brassica juncea infected with Turnip mosaic potyvirus and Turnip crinkle carmovirus.

  2006cited by this paper
• Potential Arbovirus Emergence and Implications for the United Kingdom

  2006cited by this paper
• The Tombusvirus-encoded P19: from irrelevance to elegance

  2006cited by this paper
• La Crosse Virus Nonstructural Protein NSs Counteracts the Effects of Short Interfering RNA

  2005cited by this paper
• Non‐cell autonomous RNA silencing

  2005cited by this paper
• The Jak-STAT signaling pathway is required but not sufficient for the antiviral response of drosophila

  2005influential reference
• Plant Virus-Derived Small Interfering RNAs Originate Predominantly from Highly Structured Single-Stranded Viral RNAs

  2005cited by this paper
• The Toll pathway is important for an antiviral response in Drosophila.

  2005cited by this paper
• Sindbis virus induces transport processes and alters expression of innate immunity pathway genes in the midgut of the disease vector, Aedes aegypti.

  2005influential reference
• Double-Stranded RNA Induces Sequence-Specific Antiviral Silencing in Addition to Nonspecific Immunity in a Marine Shrimp: Convergence of RNAInterference and Innate Immunity in the Invertebrate Antiviral Response?

  2005cited by this paper
• Biological Transmission of Arboviruses: Reexamination of and New Insights into Components, Mechanisms, and Unique Traits as Well as Their Evolutionary Trends

  2005cited by this paper
• REL1, a Homologue of Drosophila Dorsal, Regulates Toll Antifungal Immune Pathway in the Female Mosquito Aedes aegypti*

  2005cited by this paper
• Ultrastructural Study of West Nile Virus Pathogenesis in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

  2005cited by this paper
• Nairovirus RNA Sequences Expressed by a Semliki Forest Virus Replicon Induce RNA Interference in Tick Cells

  2005influential reference
• Actively replicating West Nile virus is resistant to cytoplasmic delivery of siRNA

  2005cited by this paper
• Immune signaling pathways regulating bacterial and malaria parasite infection of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae.

  2005cited by this paper
• Transgenic alteration of Toll immune pathway in the female mosquito Aedes aegypti.

  2005cited by this paper
• Plasmodium–mosquito interactions: a tale of dangerous liaisons

  2005cited by this paper
• Modulation of Anopheles gambiae gene expression in response to o’nyong‐nyong virus infection

  2005cited by this paper
• Antiviral silencing in animals

  2005cited by this paper
• Induction of Antiviral Immunity by Double-Stranded RNA in a Marine Invertebrate

  2004cited by this paper
• Characterization of Two Mosquito STATs, AaSTAT and CtSTAT

  2004cited by this paper
• Baculovirus and dsRNA induce Hemolin, but no antibacterial activity, in Antheraea pernyi

  2004influential reference
• Innate immunity in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae: comparative and functional genomics

  2004cited by this paper
• Transmission cycles, host range, evolution and emergence of arboviral disease

  2004cited by this paper
• A Systemic Small RNA Signaling System in Plants

  2004cited by this paper
• Comparative and functional genomics of the innate immune system in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae

  2004cited by this paper
• RNA interference, arthropod-borne viruses, and mosquitoes.

  2004cited by this paper
• The Plant Virus Tomato Spotted Wilt Tospovirus Activates the Immune System of Its Main Insect Vector, Frankliniella occidentalis

  2004cited by this paper
• Interferon antagonist proteins of influenza and vaccinia viruses are suppressors of RNA silencing.

  2004cited by this paper
• RNA interference acts as a natural antiviral response to O'nyong-nyong virus (Alphavirus; Togaviridae) infection of Anopheles gambiae.

  2004influential reference
• Using RNA interference to develop dengue virus resistance in genetically modified Aedes aegypti.

  2004cited by this paper

• Identification of ISG homologous genes in silkworm and revelation of BmNFIL3 inhibition of BmNPV proliferation through regulation of BmRelish transcription.

  2025cites this paper
• Stress in dipteran insects mass‐reared for sterile insect technique applications

  2025cites this paper
• A tangled threesome: understanding arbovirus infection in Aedes spp. and the effect of the mosquito microbiota

  2024cites this paper
• The Role of Anti-Viral Effector Molecules in Mollusc Hemolymph

  2022cites this paper
• Transcriptional Response of Wolbachia to Dengue Virus Infection in Cells of the Mosquito Aedes aegypti

  2021cites this paper
• Biological traits of wild-caught populations of Aedes aegypti in dengue endemic and non-endemic regions of Kenya

  2021cites this paper
• Contributions of Ubiquitin and Ubiquitination to Flaviviral Antagonism of Type I IFN

  2021cites this paper
• Insights Into Insect Vector Transmission and Epidemiology of Plant-Infecting Fijiviruses

  2021cites this paper
• Transcriptional Response ofWolbachia to Dengue Virus Infection in Cells of the Mosquito Aedes aegypti

  2021cites this paper
• Biological traits of wild-caught populations of Aedes aegypti in dengue endemic and non-endemic regions of Kenya

  2021cites this paper
• The Role of Temperature in Shaping Mosquito-Borne Viruses Transmission

  2020cites this paper
• Immune Control of Herpesvirus Infection in Molluscs

  2020cites this paper
• Arboviruses and the Challenge to Establish Systemic and Persistent Infections in Competent Mosquito Vectors: The Interaction With the RNAi Mechanism

  2019cites this paper
• Assessing the Potential Interactions between Cellular miRNA and Arboviral Genomic RNA in the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

  2019cites this paper
• Transcriptome analysis of responses to bluetongue virus infection in Aedes albopictus cells

  2019cites this paper
• Aedes aegypti microRNA, miR-2944b-5p interacts with 3'UTR of chikungunya virus and cellular target vps-13 to regulate viral replication

  2019cites this paper
• Endogenous non-retroviral elements in genomes of Aedes mosquitoes and vector competence

  2019cites this paper
• Aedes aegypti HPX8C modulates immune responses against viral infection

  2019cites this paper
• Apoptosis as a primary defense mechanism in response to viral infection in invasive fire ant Solenopsis invicta.

  2019cites this paper
• Gut-associated bacteria invade the midgut epithelium of Aedes aegypti and stimulate innate immunity and suppress Zika virus infection in cells

  2019cites this paper
• Detection, infection dynamics and small RNA response against Culex Y virus in mosquito-derived cells.

  2018cites this paper
• Group B Wolbachia Strain-Dependent Inhibition of Arboviruses

  2018cites this paper
• Mosquito Transmission of HIV: Rare or Not Possible?

  2018cites this paper
• Antiviral Mechanism of Serine Protease in Various Insects

  2018cites this paper
• miRNAs in Insects Infected by Animal and Plant Viruses

  2018cites this paper
• Explorer Noncoding Flavivirus RNA Displays RNA Interference Suppressor Activity in Insect and Mammalian Cells

  2017cites this paper
• RNA interference in mosquito: understanding immune responses, double‐stranded RNA delivery systems and potential applications in vector control

  2017cites this paper
• Patchy DNA forms of the Zika virus RNA genome are generated following infection in mosquito cell cultures and in mosquitoes.

  2017cites this paper
• Interaction of Flavivirus with their mosquito vectors and their impact on the human health in the Americas.

  2017cites this paper
• West Nile virus and its vectors.

  2017cites this paper
• Dengue-1 virus and vector competence of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from New Caledonia

  2017cites this paper
• Transcriptome analysis of Aedes aegypti in response to mono-infections and co-infections of dengue virus-2 and chikungunya virus.

  2017cites this paper
• Impact of transmission cycles and vector competence on global expansion and emergence of arboviruses

  2017cites this paper
• Aedes aegypti microRNA miR-2b regulates ubiquitin-related modifier to control chikungunya virus replication

  2017cites this paper
• Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response.

  2017cites this paper
• Amélioration des connaissances sur les épidémies d’arboviroses en Nouvelle-Calédonie et dans la région Pacifique : importance du vecteur régional Aedes aegypti.

  2017cites this paper
• Transgenic mosquitoes for controlling transmission of arboviruses

  2017cites this paper
• Vector competence of European mosquitoes for West Nile virus

  2017cites this paper
• Aedes aegypti Molecular Responses to Zika Virus: Modulation of Infection by the Toll and Jak/Stat Immune Pathways and Virus Host Factors

  2017cites this paper
• Explorer Gene silencing in tick cell lines using small interfering or long double-stranded RNA

  2017cites this paper
• Analysis of chikungunya virus proteins reveals that non-structural proteins nsP2 and nsP3 exhibit RNA interference (RNAi) suppressor activity

  2016cites this paper
• Influences of the Mosquito Microbiota on Vector Competence

  2016cites this paper
• Small interfering RNA pathway modulates persistent infection of a plant virus in its insect vector

  2016cites this paper
• DNA forms of arboviral RNA genomes are generated following infection in mosquito cell cultures.

  2016cites this paper
• Genome Investigations of Vector Competence in Aedes aegypti to Inform Novel Arbovirus Disease Control Approaches

  2016cites this paper
• The evolving world of small RNAs from RNA viruses

  2016cites this paper
• The Effect of West Nile Virus Infection on the Midgut Gene Expression of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

  2016cites this paper
• Responses in Immunity and Virus-Specific Inducible Mediated Antiviral - Broad RNA Interference

  2016cites this paper
• Effects of Entomopathogenic Chromobacterium (Csp_P) Exposure on the Microbiota and Fitness of Anopheles gambiae

  2016cites this paper
• The potential role of Wolbachia in controlling the transmission of emerging human arboviral infections

  2016cites this paper
• Cullin4 Is Pro-Viral during West Nile Virus Infection of Culex Mosquitoes

  2015cites this paper
• Small Interfering RNA Pathway Modulates Initial Viral Infection in Midgut Epithelium of Insect after Ingestion of Virus

  2015cites this paper
• Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes ricinus tick cell lines respond to infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus: transcriptomic and proteomic analysis

  2015cites this paper
• Exposure to West Nile Virus Increases Bacterial Diversity and Immune Gene Expression in Culex pipiens

  2015cites this paper
• Fighting Arbovirus Transmission: Natural and Engineered Control of Vector Competence in Aedes Mosquitoes

  2015influential citation
• Molecular interactions and immune responses between Maize fine streak virus and the leafhopper vector Graminella nigrifrons through differential expression and RNA interference

  2015cites this paper
• Mercadeo Virus: A Novel Mosquito-Specific Flavivirus from Panama.

  2015cites this paper
• Impact of climate and mosquito vector abundance on sylvatic arbovirus circulation dynamics in Senegal.

  2015cites this paper
• OsHV-1 countermeasures to the Pacific oyster's anti-viral response.

  2015cites this paper
• Development of molecular tools to enhance understanding of antiviral RNAi in mosquitoes

  2015cites this paper
• Drosophila CG4572 protein and the spread of the RNAi antiviral immune signal

  2015cites this paper
• Persistence and Retention of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

  2015cites this paper
• Dicer-2-Dependent Activation of Culex Vago Occurs via the TRAF-Rel2 Signaling Pathway

  2014cites this paper
• Can Horton Hear the Whos? The Importance of Scale in Mosquito-Borne Disease

  2014cites this paper
• Understanding the Wolbachia-mediated inhibition of arboviruses in mosquitoes: progress and challenges.

  2014cites this paper
• Perspectives of antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) pathway of insects with special reference to mosquito in the context of dengue infection: a review

  2014cites this paper
• Aphid small RNAs and viruses

  2014cites this paper
• Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of arbovirus-infected tick cells

  2014cites this paper
• Alphavirus and flavivirus infection of Ixodes tick cell lines: an insight into tick antiviral immunity

  2014influential citation
• Induction and suppression of tick cell antiviral RNAi responses by tick-borne flaviviruses

  2014cites this paper
• Flavivirus RNAi suppression: decoding non-coding RNA.

  2014cites this paper
• Arboviral Bottlenecks and Challenges to Maintaining Diversity and Fitness during Mosquito Transmission

  2014cites this paper
• Noncoding Subgenomic Flavivirus RNA: Multiple Functions in West Nile Virus Pathogenesis and Modulation of Host Responses

  2014cites this paper
• Antiviral responses of arthropod vectors: an update on recent advances

  2014cites this paper
• The Insect Microbiome Modulates Vector Competence for Arboviruses

  2014cites this paper
• Effect of dengue-2 virus infection on protein expression in the salivary glands of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

  2014cites this paper
• Mosquito cell lines: history, isolation, availability and application to assess the threat of arboviral transmission in the United Kingdom

  2014cites this paper
• Characterization of Aedes aegypti Innate-Immune Pathways that Limit Chikungunya Virus Replication

  2014cites this paper
• RNAi and antiviral defense in Drosophila: setting up a systemic immune response.

  2014cites this paper
• The evolution of virulence of West Nile virus in a mosquito vector: implications for arbovirus adaptation and evolution

  2013cites this paper
• High Efficiency of Temperate Aedes albopictus to Transmit Chikungunya and Dengue Viruses in the Southeast of France

  2013cites this paper
• Vector competence for arboviruses in relation to the larval environment of mosquitoes

  2013cites this paper
• Differential Expression of Apoptosis Related Genes in Selected Strains of Aedes aegypti with Different Susceptibilities to Dengue Virus

  2013cites this paper
• THE HOST DEFENSE OF INSECTS : A PARADIGM FOR INNATE IMMUNITY

  2013cites this paper
• Vector-Virus Interactions and Transmission Dynamics of West Nile Virus

  2013cites this paper
• Nature, Nurture and Evolution of Intra-Species Variation in Mosquito Arbovirus Transmission Competence

  2013cites this paper
• The Role of RNAi in Mammalian Cells in Response to Sindbis virus infection

  2013cites this paper
• Studies on the Semliki Forest virus replicase protein nsP1

  2013cites this paper
• Replication in Culicoides Cells RNA Interference Targets Arbovirus

  2013cites this paper
• Ecology of parasite-vector interactions

  2013cites this paper
• The role of Culex pipiens mosquitoes in transmission of West Nile virus in Europe

  2013cites this paper
• Effect of larval density and Sindbis virus infection on immune responses in Aedes aegypti.

  2013cites this paper
• Broad RNA Interference–Mediated Antiviral Immunity and Virus-Specific Inducible Responses in Drosophila

  2013cites this paper
• Arthropod viruses and small RNAs.

  2013cites this paper
• RNA Interference Targets Arbovirus Replication in Culicoides Cells

  2012cites this paper
• Phenoloxidase Activity Acts as a Mosquito Innate Immune Response against Infection with Semliki Forest Virus

  2012cites this paper
• and Mammalian Cells Interference Suppressor Activity in Insect Noncoding Flavivirus RNA Displays RNA

  2012cites this paper
• The role and mechanism of apoptosis as an innate immune response against viral infection in insects

  2012cites this paper
• Gene silencing in tick cell lines using small interfering or long double-stranded RNA

  2012cites this paper
• Tick Cell Lines for Study of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Other Arboviruses

  2012influential citation