Origin, dynamics, and implications of extracellular DNA pools in marine sediments.

In marine sediments, DNA occurs both inside and outside living organisms. DNA not enclosed in living cells may account for the largest fraction of total DNA, and include molecules locked within dead cells, organic and inorganic aggregates, adsorbed onto mineral matrices, and viral DNA. This DNA comprises genetic material released in situ from sediment microbial communities, as well as DNA of pelagic and terrestrial origin deposited to the seafloor. DNA not enclosed in living cells undermines the assumption of a direct link between the overall DNA pool and the local, currently living microbial assemblages, in terms of both microbial cell abundance and diversity. At the same time, the extracellular DNA may provide an integrated view of the biodiversity and ecological processes occurring on land, in marine water columns, and sediments themselves, thereby acting as an archive of genetic information which can be used to reconstruct past changes in source environments. In this review, we identify and discuss DNA pools in marine sediments, with special focus on DNA not enclosed in living cells, its origin, dynamics, and ecological and methodological implications. Achievements in deciphering the genetic information held within each DNA pool are presented along with still-standing challenges and major gaps in current knowledge.

• Publication year

  2015

• Venue

  Marine Genomics

• Publication date

  2015-12-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.margen.2015.08.007PMID 26452301
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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