Strategic localization of heart mitochondrial NOS: a review of the evidence.

Heart mitochondria play a central role in cell energy provision and in signaling. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical with primary regulatory functions in the heart and involved in a broad array of key processes in cardiac metabolism. Specific NO synthase (NOS) isoforms are confined to distinct locations in cardiomyocytes. The present article reviews the chemical reactions through which NO interacts with biomolecules and exerts some of its crucial roles. Specifically, the article discusses the reactions of NO with mitochondrial targets and the subcellular localization of NOS within the myocardium and analyzes the available data about heart mitochondrial NOS activity and identity. The article also describes the regulation of heart mtNOS by the distinctive mitochondrial environment by showing the effects of Ca(2+), O(2), l-arginine, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and the metabolic states on heart mitochondrial NO production. The article depicts the effects of NO on heart function and highlights the relevance of NO production within mitochondria. Finally, the evidence on the functional implications of heart mitochondrial NOS is delineated with emphasis on chronic hypoxia and ischemia-reperfusion studies.

• Publication year

  2012

• Venue

  American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology

• Publication date

  2012-12-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.00674.2011PMID 23023869
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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