Apolipoprotein E in Cardiovascular Diseases: Novel Aspects of an Old-fashioned Enigma.

The presence of different APOE isoforms represents a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Besides the pleiotropic effects of APOE polymorphism on heart and neurological diseases, this review summarizes the less-known functions of APOE and the possible implications for cardiovascular disorders. Beyond the role as lipid transporting protein, its involvement in lipid membrane homeostasis and signaling, as well as its nuclear transcriptional effects suggests a more complex role of APOE, receiving great interest from researchers and physicians from all medical fields. Due to the presence of different APOE isoforms in human population, understanding APOE's role in pathological processes represents not only a challenge, but a demand for further development of therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.

• Publication year

  2018

• Venue

  Archives of Medical Research

• Publication date

  2018-11-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.08.008PMID 30213474
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Inflammation following acute myocardial infarction: Multiple players, dynamic roles, and novel therapeutic opportunities

  2018cited by this paper
• Strains of Pathological Protein Aggregates in Neurodegenerative Diseases

  2017cited by this paper
• Functional Amyloids and their Possible Influence on Alzheimer Disease

  2017cited by this paper
• SIRT1 activation attenuates diastolic dysfunction by reducing cardiac fibrosis in a model of anthracycline cardiomyopathy.

  2016cited by this paper
• Direct Transcriptional Effects of Apolipoprotein E

  2016cited by this paper
• From basic mechanisms to clinical applications in heart protection, new players in cardiovascular diseases and cardiac theranostics: meeting report from the third international symposium on “New frontiers in cardiovascular research”

  2016cited by this paper
• Comparative proteomics reveals abnormal binding of ATGL and dysferlin on lipid droplets from pressure overload-induced dysfunctional rat hearts

  2016cited by this paper
• Ischaemic conditioning and targeting reperfusion injury: a 30 year voyage of discovery

  2016cited by this paper
• Effects of different isoforms of apoE on aggregation of the α-synuclein protein implicated in Parkinson's disease.

  2016cited by this paper
• Mitochondrial remodeling in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific lipid overload.

  2015cited by this paper
• Extracellular Cyclophilin A Activates Platelets Via EMMPRIN (CD147) and PI3K/Akt Signaling, Which Promotes Platelet Adhesion and Thrombus Formation In Vitro and In Vivo

  2015cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype regulates body weight and fatty acid utilization-Studies in gene-targeted replacement mice.

  2015cited by this paper
• Meeting report from the 2nd International Symposium on New Frontiers in Cardiovascular Research. Protecting the cardiovascular system from ischemia: between bench and bedside

  2015cited by this paper
• Genome-wide association meta-analysis of human longevity identifies a novel locus conferring survival beyond 90 years of age

  2014cited by this paper
• Role of Extracellular RNA in Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation in Mice

  2014cited by this paper
• Genetic variants of ApoE and ApoER2 differentially modulate endothelial function

  2014cited by this paper
• Response to letter regarding article "Role of extracellular RNA in atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice".

  2014cited by this paper
• Cardiac diastolic dysfunction in high-fat diet fed mice is associated with lipotoxicity without impairment of cardiac energetics in vivo.

  2014cited by this paper
• Confluence of α-synuclein, tau, and β-amyloid pathologies in dementia with Lewy bodies.

  2013cited by this paper
• The still valid fluid mosaic model for molecular organization of biomembranes: accumulating data confirm it

  2013cited by this paper
• Update of the 1972 Singer-Nicolson Fluid-Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure

  2013cited by this paper
• ApoE Production in Human Monocytes and Its Regulation by Inflammatory Cytokines

  2013cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E-mediated cell cycle arrest linked to p27 and the Cox2-dependent repression of miR221/222.

  2013cited by this paper
• Interaction Between NF&kgr;B and NFAT Coordinates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Pathological Remodeling

  2012cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E controls cerebrovascular integrity via cyclophilin A

  2012cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E regulation of myeloid cell plasticity in atherosclerosis

  2012cited by this paper
• Repair after myocardial infarction, between fantasy and reality: the role of chemokines.

  2011cited by this paper
• A genome-wide association study confirms APOE as the major gene influencing survival in long-lived individuals.

  2011cited by this paper
• Cholesterol asymmetry in synaptic plasma membranes

  2011cited by this paper
• Endogenous adipocyte apolipoprotein E is colocalized with caveolin at the adipocyte plasma membrane

  2011cited by this paper
• ApoE regulates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, monocytosis, and monocyte accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions in mice.

  2011cited by this paper
• A Murine Model of Isolated Cardiac Steatosis Leads to Cardiomyopathy

  2011cited by this paper
• The Role of Apolipoprotein E in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis

  2010cited by this paper
• EMMPRIN and its ligand cyclophilin A regulate MT1-MMP, MMP-9 and M-CSF during foam cell formation.

  2010cited by this paper
• Heparin protects against septic mortality via apoE-antagonism.

  2010cited by this paper
• Neuroscience and heart-brain medicine: The year in review

  2010cited by this paper
• Cyclophilin A enhances vascular oxidative stress and development of angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysms

  2009cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein-mediated lipid antigen presentation in B cells provides a pathway for innate help by NKT cells.

  2009cited by this paper
• Lipid Raft in Cardiac Health and Disease

  2009cited by this paper
• A molecular pathway of neurodegeneration linking α-synuclein to ApoE and Aβ peptides

  2008cited by this paper
• Analysis of apolipoprotein E nuclear localization using green fluorescent protein and biotinylation approaches.

  2008cited by this paper
• EMMPRIN mediates beta-adrenergic receptor-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase activity in cardiac myocytes.

  2008cited by this paper
• α-Synuclein is expressed in different tissues during human fetal development

  2007cited by this paper
• Apoptosis induces neuronal apolipoprotein-E synthesis and localization in apoptotic bodies.

  2007cited by this paper
• Involvement of lipid rafts and caveolae in cardiac ion channel function.

  2006cited by this paper
• Chemokines: Inflammatory mediators of atherosclerosis

  2006cited by this paper
• Is the ApoE polymorphism associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?

  2006cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein-mediated pathways of lipid antigen presentation

  2005cited by this paper
• Mitochondrial Lipid Abnormality and Electron Transport Chain Impairment in Mice Lacking α-Synuclein

  2005cited by this paper
• Mitochondrial lipid abnormality and electron transport chain impairment in mice lacking alpha-synuclein.

  2005cited by this paper
• Impaired Recycling of Apolipoprotein E4 Is Associated with Intracellular Cholesterol Accumulation*

  2004cited by this paper
• Cyclophilin A Is a Proinflammatory Cytokine that Activates Endothelial Cells

  2004cited by this paper
• Lewy bodies in the sinoatrial nodal ganglion: Clinicopathological studies

  2004cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E and renal disease.

  2004cited by this paper
• Order from disorder, corralling cholesterol with chaotic lipids. The role of polyunsaturated lipids in membrane raft formation.

  2004cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E expression in localized prostate cancers.

  2003cited by this paper
• Membrane dynamics, cholesterol homeostasis, and Alzheimer's disease Published, JLR Papers in Press, September 1, 2003. DOI 10.1194/jlr.R300010-JLR200

  2003cited by this paper
• Plasma concentration and lipoprotein distribution of ApoC-I is dependent on ApoE genotype rather than the Hpa I ApoC-I promoter polymorphism.

  2003cited by this paper
• Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and preconditioning: effects of hypercholesterolaemia/hyperlipidaemia

  2003cited by this paper
• Cardiac lipid accumulation associated with diastolic dysfunction in obese mice.

  2003cited by this paper
• Mouse Models of Atherosclerosis

  2002cited by this paper
• A new role for apolipoprotein E: modulating transport of polyunsaturated phospholipid molecular species in synaptic plasma membranes

  2002cited by this paper
• Cholesterol is increased in the exofacial leaflet of synaptic plasma membranes of human apolipoprotein E4 knock-in mice

  2002cited by this paper
• Preconditioning protects the severely atherosclerotic mouse heart.

  2001cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E genotypes and response of plasma lipids and progression-regression of coronary atherosclerosis to lipid-lowering drug therapy.

  2000cited by this paper
• Detection of Apolipoprotein A-I, B, and E Immunoreactivity in the Nuclei of Various Rat Tissue Cells

  2000cited by this paper
• Apovarepsilon(4) allele increases the risk for exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

  1999cited by this paper
• Assessment of cardiovascular risk by use of multiple-risk-factor assessment equations: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology.

  1999cited by this paper
• Pathogenesis of type III hyperlipoproteinemia (dysbetalipoproteinemia). Questions, quandaries, and paradoxes.

  1999cited by this paper
• Apoε4 allele increases the risk for exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

  1999cited by this paper
• Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk by Use of Multiple-Risk-Factor Assessment Equations

  1999cited by this paper
• [Influence of alleles of apolipoprotein E on restenosis after coronary angioplasty in women].

  1998cited by this paper
• 0The Question Not Asked: The Challenge of Pleiotropic Genetic Tests

  1998cited by this paper
• An ecological study of association between coronary heart disease mortality rates in men and the relative frequencies of common allelic variations in the gene coding for apolipoprotein E

  1998cited by this paper
• The apolipoprotein E and beta-fibrinogen G/A-455 gene polymorphisms are associated with ischemic stroke involving large-vessel disease.

  1997cited by this paper
• Mouse Models of Atherosclerosis

  1996cited by this paper
• Alterations in apolipoprotein E expression during aging and neurodegeneration.

  1996cited by this paper
• Novel mechanism for defective receptor binding of apolipoprotein E2 in type III hyperlipoproteinemia

  1996cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E allele–specific antioxidant activity and effects on cytotoxicity by oxidative insults and β–amyloid peptides

  1996cited by this paper
• Human Apolipoprotein E4 Domain Interaction

  1996cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E polymorphism, serum lipids, myocardial infarction and severity of angiographically verified coronary artery disease in men and women.

  1995cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E polymorphism predicts death from coronary heart disease in a longitudinal study of elderly Finnish men.

  1995cited by this paper
• Protein kinase C and lipid signaling for sustained cellular responses

  1995cited by this paper
• Polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein E gene and severity of coronary artery disease defined by angiography.

  1995cited by this paper
• Dietary sitostanol related to absorption, synthesis and serum level of cholesterol in different apolipoprotein E phenotypes.

  1994cited by this paper
• Impact of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on lipoproteins and risk of myocardial infarction. The ECTIM Study.

  1994cited by this paper
• Insulin as a predictor of coronary heart disease: interaction with apolipoprotein E phenotype. A report from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

  1994cited by this paper
• Phospholipids in animal eukaryotic membranes: transverse asymmetry and movement.

  1993cited by this paper
• Hepatic Clearance of Plasma Chylomicron Remnants

  1992cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E gene expression in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes and human adipose tissue and its regulation by differentiation and lipid content.

  1991cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E polymorphism association with lipoprotein profile in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia and familial hypercholesterolemia.

  1991cited by this paper
• New insights into potential mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning.

  1991cited by this paper
• The LDL–receptor–related protein, LRP, is an apolipoprotein E-binding protein

  1989cited by this paper
• Changes of genetic apolipoprotein phenotypes caused by liver transplantation. Implications for apolipoprotein synthesis.

  1989cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E: cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology.

  1988cited by this paper
• Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and atherosclerosis.

  1988cited by this paper
• Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium.

  1986cited by this paper
• Extrahepatic synthesis of apolipoprotein E.

  1984cited by this paper
• Proposed nomenclature of apoE isoproteins, apoE genotypes, and phenotypes.

  1982cited by this paper
• The Fluid Mosaic Model of the Structure of Cell Membranes

  1972cited by this paper

• Prognostic Value of Apolipoprotein E in Predicting One-year Mortality in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

  2025cites this paper
• APOE modulates ferroptosis to drive macrophage polarization toward the M2 type and enhance PTC migration and invasion.

  2025cites this paper
• The Role of Impaired Receptor Trafficking in Mediating the Pathological Effects of APOE4 in Alzheimer’s Disease

  2024cites this paper
• Dysregulated RBM24 phosphorylation impairs APOE translation underlying psychological stress-induced cardiovascular disease

  2024cites this paper
• A Holistic Approach to Cardiometabolic and Infectious Health in the General Population of Reunion Island: The REUNION Study

  2024cites this paper
• Tetrahydroberberine alleviates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice via augmenting lipoprotein assembly-induced clearance of low-density lipoprotein and intermediate-density lipoprotein.

  2024cites this paper
• Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in a Romanian population

  2023cites this paper
• Multiomics analyses reveal dynamic bioenergetic pathways and functional remodeling of the heart during intermittent fasting

  2023cites this paper
• Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Apolipoprotein B, Apolipoprotein E, and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Are Associated With Serum Lipid Levels in Northern Chilean Subjects. A Pilot Study

  2021cites this paper
• The genetic predisposition to longevity acts through behavioral phenotypes in females.

  2021cites this paper
• Apolipoprotein E4 Is Associated with Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Dilated Cardiomyopathy—An Animal and In-Human Comparative Study

  2021cites this paper
• Incorporation of biochemical parameters and diagnostic algorithms in the laboratory computer system for the early detection of lipid abnormalities from the lipid units.

  2021cites this paper
• Heart function assessment during aging in apolipoprotein E knock-out mice

  2021cites this paper
• The association study of Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Chinese population

  2020cites this paper
• Impact of APOE Alleles-by-Diet Interactions on Glycemic and Lipid Features– A Cross-Sectional Study of a Cohort of Type 2 Diabetes Patients from Western Mexico: Implications for Personalized Medicine

  2020cites this paper
• Targeting Foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products

  2019cites this paper
• Targeting Mitochondrial Fission Using Mdivi-1 in A Clinically Relevant Large Animal Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Study

  2019cites this paper
• Role of Macrophages in Cardioprotection

  2019cites this paper
• ApoE4: an emerging therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease

  2019cites this paper
• Apolipoprotein E gene in physiological and pathological aging.

  2019cites this paper
• The effect of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on serum metabolome – a population-based 10-year follow-up study

  2019cites this paper
• Vitamin E Metabolic Effects and Genetic Variants: A Challenge for Precision Nutrition in Obesity and Associated Disturbances

  2018cites this paper